quantiles: add parameter to limit negative step

Add a new parameter to limit the negative value of the step state
variable. It's set as a maximum delay in number of updates before the
actual step applied to the quantile estimate starts growing from the
minimum step when the input value is consistently larger or smaller than
the estimate.

This prevents the algorithm from effectively becoming the slower 1U
variant if the quantile estimate is stable most of the time.

Set it to 100 updates for the NTP delay and 1000 updates for the hwclock
delay. An option could be added later to make it configurable.

ntp_core.c

@@ -286,6 +286,7 @@ static ARR_Instance broadcasts;
 
 /* Parameters for the peer delay quantile */
 #define DELAY_QUANT_Q 100
+#define DELAY_QUANT_LARGE_STEP_DELAY 100
 #define DELAY_QUANT_REPEAT 7
 
 /* Minimum and maximum allowed poll interval */
@@ -690,6 +691,7 @@ NCR_CreateInstance(NTP_Remote_Address *remote_addr, NTP_Source_Type type,
   if (params->max_delay_quant > 0.0) {
     int k = round(CLAMP(0.05, params->max_delay_quant, 0.95) * DELAY_QUANT_Q);
     result->delay_quant = QNT_CreateInstance(k, k, DELAY_QUANT_Q, DELAY_QUANT_REPEAT,
+                                             DELAY_QUANT_LARGE_STEP_DELAY,
                                              LCL_GetSysPrecisionAsQuantum() / 2.0);
   } else {
     result->delay_quant = NULL;