Removed space from " webgoat" directory name

git-svn-id: http://webgoat.googlecode.com/svn/trunk@272 4033779f-a91e-0410-96ef-6bf7bf53c507
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mayhew64
2008-01-12 17:42:01 +00:00
parent 280b46029b
commit 72c18c5426
917 changed files with 0 additions and 0 deletions

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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson
Plan Title:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Using an
Access Control Matrix<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept /
Topic To Teach:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>In a
role-based access control scheme, a role represents a set of access permissions
and privileges. A user can be assigned one or more roles. A role-based access
control scheme normally consists of two parts: role permission management and
role assignment. A broken role-based access control scheme might allow a user
to perform accesses that are not allowed by his/her assigned roles, or somehow
allow privilege escalation to an unauthorized role. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General
Goal(s):</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Each user is
a member of a role that is allowed to access only certain resources. Your goal
is to explore the access control rules that govern this site. Only the [Admin]
group should have access to the 'Account Manager' resource.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=Heading2Char><span style='font-size:13.0pt;
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This exercise
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that you shouldn<64>t be able to access.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>After a few attempts
you will learn that Larry can access resources of the role Account Manager.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson
Plan Title:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> How to
Create Database Back Door Attacks.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept /
Topic To Teach:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>How to Create
Database Back Door Attacks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>How the
attacks works:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Databases are
used usually as a backend for web applications. Also it is used as a media of
storage. It can also be used as a place to store a malicious activity such as a
trigger. A trigger is called by the database management system upon the
execution of another database operation like insert, select, update or delete.
An attacker for example can create a trigger that would set his email address
instead of every new user's email address. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General
Goal(s):</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><!-- Start Instructions -->Your
goal should be to learn how you can exploit a vulnerable query to create a
trigger.<br>
You will not be able to actually create one in this lesson because the
underlying database engine used with WebGoat doesn't support triggers.<br>
Your login ID is 101.</span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-weight:
bold'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>As you
probably noticed, the input is not validated so very easy to do SQL Injection.
To have two SQL queries executed, you need to separate them using a sem-colon.
For example select * from employees; drop table employees will first select all
the users from employees and then drop the table employees. Not all databases
support multiple SQL statements.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Here you need
to update the salary of the employees. This requires an update query like
update employees set salary=10000.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Inject this
for the user ID: 101; update employee set salary=10000<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To create a
database trigger, you need to inject the following SQL: CREATE TRIGGER
myBackDoor BEFORE INSERT ON employee FOR EACH ROW BEGIN UPDATE employee SET
email='john@hackme.com'WHERE userid = NEW.userid<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
</td>
<td valign='MIDDLE' align='RIGHT'><img hspace='0' vspace='0' border='0' alt='ZION SECURITY' src='images/logos/zionsecurity.gif'></td>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson
Plan Title:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> Basic
Authentication <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept /
Topic To Teach:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Basic
Authentication is used to protect server side resources. The web server will send
a 401 authentication request with the response for the requested resource. The
client side browser will then prompt the user for a user name and password
using a browser supplied dialog box. The browser will base64 encode the user
name and password and send those credentials back to the web server. The web
server will then validate the credentials and return the requested resource if
the credentials are correct. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>These
credentials are automatically resent for each page protected with this
mechanism without requiring the user to enter their credentials again. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General
Goal(s):</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For this
lesson, your goal is to understand Basic Authentication and answer the
questions below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson 13<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To learn the
name of the authentication header you must click <20>Submit<69> and intercept the
request with WebScarab.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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style='mso-no-proof:yes'>2</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Intercepted request</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The HTTP
header that contains the Basic Authentication information is called
<EFBFBD>Authorization<EFBFBD>. This value Z3Vlc3Q6Z3Vlc3Q= is Base64 encoded. You can decode
this by using WebScarab <20> Tools <20> Transcoder.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Click Base64
decode. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>5</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Answers<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image011.png" o:title=""/>
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src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image030.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1020"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>6</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Part 1 completed<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For this
lesson it is very important that you understand how the JSESSIONID cookie is
used for session management and how the basic authorization header is used for
authentication.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:
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<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image013.png" o:title=""/>
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src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image031.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1021"><![endif]></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>When WebGoat
is able to retrieve a valid session you are automatically redirected to the
lesson you are working on. When there is no valid session, WebGoat will create
a new JSESSIONID and you will see the first lesson, HTTP Basics.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>When there is
no session cookie, WebGoat will first verify if you already authenticated. If
not, you will get a pop-up window from the browser that requests your user name
and password (guest/guest). After the user credentials are validated, you will
access the Start-page of WebGoat and WebGoat will create a new JSESSIONID for
this session.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To access
WebGoat as the user basic, you need to corrupt the existing JSESSIONID and the
Authorization header. You can do this in WebScarab. Intercept the request and
delete a character from the JSESSIONID value and the Authorization header.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>WebGoat will
require you to authenticate, so you now enter for the user name basic and for
the password basic. This logs you on as the user basic. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Remember our
JSESSIONID? This JSESSIONID is a non-persistent cookie which is set during our
first visit. Every request from the browser to WebGoat will have this cookie
value. Corrupting this value in the previous request will not change the cookie
value stored in browser memory and that is the reason why the old JSESSIONID
cookie is sent in every request.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image032.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1022"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>7</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Basic Authentication<span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>You clearly
see that the JSESSIONID is the same like in the previous request, but the
Authorization header now contains the Base 64 encoded value of basic:basic (you
can decode this value in WebScarab <20> Tools <20> Transcoder).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image017.png" o:title=""/>
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src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image033.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1023"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>8</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Logged on as user basic<span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Because of the
valid JSESSIONID, WebGoat retrieves the authenticated user via the server-side
session object using getSession().getUser(). To make WebGoat believe that you
are authenticated as basic, you need to corrupt the JSESSIONID, as shown in the
screenshot below.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image019.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=598 height=471
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image034.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1024"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>9</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Corrupt JSESSIONID<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:276pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image021.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=368
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image035.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1025"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>10</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Start page for user basic<span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Now you are
redirected to the WebGoat start page. The JSESSIONID is changed and you lost all
your green stars because the basic user hasn<73>t completed any lesson. Go to the
lesson <20>Basic Authentication<6F> to complete this lesson.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BasicAuthentication_files/image036.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1026"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>11</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson 13 Completed<span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
</td>
<td valign='MIDDLE' align='RIGHT'><img hspace='0' vspace='0' border='0' alt='ZION SECURITY' src='images/logos/zionsecurity.gif'></td>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson Plan Title:</span></b><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> How to Perform Blind SQL Injection <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept / Topic To Teach: <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SQL injection
attacks represent a serious threat to any database-driven site. The methods behind
an attack are easy to learn and the damage caused can range from considerable
to complete system compromise. Despite these risks an incredible number of
systems on the internet are susceptible to this form of attack. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Not only is
it a threat easily instigated, it is also a threat that, with a little
common-sense and forethought, can be almost totally prevented. This lesson will
show the student several examples of SQL injection.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It is always
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command, scripts, and database queries.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The user
should be able to view all records in the specified table.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><EFBFBD> </span>The user could add new records or modify
existing records.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>From the hints </span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:Wingdings;
mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span
style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'>J</span></span></b><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Compound SQL
statements can be made by joining multiple tests with keywords like AND and OR.
Create a SQL statement that you can use as a true/false test and then select
the first character of the target element and do a start narrowing down the
character using &gt; and &lt;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The backend
database is Microsoft Access. Keep that in mind if you research SQL functions
on the Internet since different databases use some different functions and
syntax.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This is the
code for the query being built and issued by WebGoat:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>&quot;SELECT
* FROM user_data WHERE userid = &quot; + accountNumber<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The
application is taking your input and inserting it at the end of a pre-formed
SQL command. You will need to make use of the following SQL functions: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>SELECT -
query for your target data and get a string <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>mid(string,
start, length) - returns a substring of string starting at the start character
and going for length characters <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>asc(string)
will return the ascii value of the first character in string <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>&gt; and &lt;
- once you have a character's value, compare it to a choosen one<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Example: is
the first character of the first_name of userid 15613 less than 'M' (ascii 77)?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>101 AND (asc(
mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE userid=15613) , 1 , 1) ) &lt; 77 );
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>If you get
back that account number is valid, then yes. If get back that the number
isinvalid then answer is no.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Another
example: is the second character of the first_name of userid 15613 greater than
'm' (ascii 109)? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>101 AND (asc(
mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE userid=15613) , 2 , 1) ) &gt; 109
); <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>If you get back
that account number is valid, then yes. If get back that the number is invalid
then answer is no.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75"
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<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
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<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson 16<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For the
query: 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE userid=15613)
, 1 , 1) ) &lt; 77 ); you will get a <20>Account number is valid<69>. If the
character is bigger then the value you get an invalid account error message.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BlindSqlInjection_files/image014.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1420"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>2</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Invalid account number<span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>You can
change the &lt; to = to make sure that you have the correct value.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This results
in the query 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE
userid=15613) , 1 , 1) ) = 74 );<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
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visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
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</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=369
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BlindSqlInjection_files/image015.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1421"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>3</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> First character<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>So you know
that ascii(74) is capital J. Now do the same for the second and all other
characters.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The query for
the second character: 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE
userid=15613) , 2 , 1) ) = 111 );<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Ascii(111) =
o, so you have now Jo.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_1422" o:spid="_x0000_i1027"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:276.75pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BlindSqlInjection_files/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=369
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/BlindSqlInjection_files/image016.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_1422"><![endif]></span><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For the third
character: 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE
userid=15613) , 3 , 1) ) = 101 ); Ascii(101) = e<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For the
fourth character: 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE
userid=15613) , 4 , 1) ) = 115 ); Ascii(115) = s<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For the fifth
character: 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE
userid=15613) , 5 , 1) ) = 112); Ascii(112) = p<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>For the sixth
character: 101 AND (asc( mid((SELECT first_name FROM user_data WHERE
userid=15613) , 6 , 1) ) = 104); Ascii(104) = h<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>So the name
that you found is Joesph. Enter this in the text field to complete this lesson.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>4</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Enter the name Joesph<span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>5</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson 16 Completed<span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
</td>
<td valign='MIDDLE' align='RIGHT'><img hspace='0' vspace='0' border='0' alt='ZION SECURITY' src='images/logos/zionsecurity.gif'></td>
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<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson
Plan Title:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> How to
Perform Cross Site Request Forgery. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept
/ Topic To Teach:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This
lesson teaches how to perform Cross Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>How
the attacks works:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cross-Site
Request Forgery (CSRF/XSRF) is an attack that tricks the victim into loading a
page that contains img links like the one below: <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span lang=NL-BE
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:NL-BE'>&lt;img
src=&quot;</span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://www.mybank.com/transferFunds.do?acctId=123456"
title="http://www.mybank.com/transferFunds.do?acctId=123456"><span lang=NL-BE
style='mso-ansi-language:NL-BE'>http://www.mybank.com/sendFunds.do?acctId=123456</span></a></span><span
lang=NL-BE style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:NL-BE'>&quot;/&gt;</span><span
lang=NL-BE style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-ansi-language:
NL-BE'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>When
the victim's browser attempts to render this page, it will issue a request to
www.mybank.com to the transferFunds.do page with the specified parameters. The
browser will think the link is to get an image, even though it actually is a
funds transfer function. The request will include any cookies associated with
the site. Therefore, if the user has authenticated to the site, and has either
a permanent cookie or even a current session cookie, the site will have no way
to distinguish this from a legitimate user request. In this way, the attacker
can make the victim perform actions that they didn't intend to, such as logout,
purchase item, or any other function provided by the vulnerable website <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General
Goal(s):</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><!-- Start Instructions -->Your
goal is to send an email to a newsgroup that contains an image whose URL is
pointing to a malicious request. Try to include a 1x1 pixel image that includes
a URL. The URL should point to the CSRF lesson with an extra parameter
&quot;transferFunds=4000&quot;. You can copy the shortcut from the left hand
menu by right clicking on the left hand menu and choosing copy shortcut.
Whoever receives this email and happens to be authenticated at that time will
have his funds transferred. When you think the attack is successful, refresh
the page and you will find the green check on the left hand side menu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption style='text-align:justify'>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
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style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> How to perform CSRF</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<h3 style='text-align:justify'>Solution:</h3>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>To
complete this lesson you need to embed HTML code in the message box. This HTML
code should contain a image tag linking to an URL that is not a real image<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><EFBFBD> </span>will but start a transaction on the web
server instead.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The
format of an image in html is &lt;img src=&quot;[URL]&quot; width=&quot;1&quot;
height=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'>The transaction can be triggered by an URL to the
current lesson and an extra parameter <20>transferFunds<64> and the amount. The
width=1 and height=1 will not show the image.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'>This payload will work:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'>&lt;img
src=<3D>http://localhost/WebGoat/attack?Screen=81&amp;menu=210&amp;transferFunds=5000<30>
width=&quot;1&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'>So create a new message with title <20>Test<73> and a
message with the payload.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption style='text-align:justify'>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
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style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Insert payload</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='mso-fareast-language:
JA'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";
mso-fareast-language:JA'>The page will refresh and you will see a new message
in the message list.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='mso-fareast-language:
JA'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption style='text-align:justify'>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
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style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> New message test<span
style='mso-fareast-language:JA'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Click
on the message test. This will download the message and display the contents as
HTML, executing the payload. Examine the HTTP Request in WebScarab that is
generated when the browers tries to render the image tag.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption style='text-align:justify'>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
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style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> CSRF attack</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Now
you need to refresh the page to get the green star next to the lesson.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption style='text-align:justify'>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'>5</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson completed</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='text-align:justify'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
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<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson Plan Title:</span></b><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> How to Perform Command Injection <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept / Topic To Teach: </span></b><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Command
injection attacks represent a serious threat to any parameter-driven site. The methods
behind an attack are easy to learn and the damage caused can range from
considerable to complete system compromise. Despite these risks an incredible
number of systems on the internet are susceptible to this form of attack. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Not only is
it a threat easily instigated, it is also a threat that, with a little
common-sense and forethought, can be almost totally prevented. This lesson will
show the student several examples of parameter injection.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>It is always
good practice to sanitize all input data, especially data that will used in OS
command, scripts, and database queries.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General Goal(s): <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The user
should be able to execute any command on the hosting OS.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson 16<span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Select a
lesson from the drop-down box and click on <20>View<65>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Intercept the
request with WebScarab when you click on <20>View<65>. Append <20> &amp; netstat <20>an
&amp; ipconfig to the HelpFile parameter. Do not forget the double quote!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The result
contains the output of the command netstat and ipconfig.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
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Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
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<td valign='MIDDLE' align='RIGHT'><img hspace='0' vspace='0' border='0' alt='ZION SECURITY' src='images/logos/zionsecurity.gif'></td>
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<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson
Plan Title:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> How to
Perform DOM Injection Attack. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept /
Topic To Teach:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>How to
perform DOM injection attacks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>How the
attacks works:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Some applications
specially the ones that uses AJAX manipulates and updates the DOM directly
using JavaScript, DHTML and eval() method.<br>
An attacker may take advantage of that by intercepting the reply and try to
inject some javascript commands to exploit his attacks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General
Goal(s):</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><!-- Start Instructions -->*
Your victim is a system that takes an activation key to allow you to use it.<br>
* Your goal should be to try to get to enable the activate button.<br>
* Take some time to see the HTML source in order to understand how the key
validation process works.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
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<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> AJAX Security - DOM Injection</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>AJAX requires
XML communication between the browser and the web application. When you view
the source of the HTML page, you will notice the usage of XMLHttpRequest:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>&lt;script&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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validate() {<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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encodeURIComponent(keyField.value);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-tab-count:3'><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> </span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><EFBFBD></span>eval(message);<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD><EFBFBD> </span>}}}<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>&lt;/script&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The XML
response contains JavaScript that will activate the button so that you are able
to click on it. This requires you to inject JavaScript to manipulate the
Document Object Model of the HTML page in the browser. This requires
intercepting the HTTP response in WebScarab!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Enter a
license key (for example <20>a<EFBFBD>) and intercept the HTTP Request and HTTP Response
in WebScarab.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_50"
o:spid="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:345pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image003.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=460
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image004.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_50"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>2</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> HTTP Request</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_51" o:spid="_x0000_i1028"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:345pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image005.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=460
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image006.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_51"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>3</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> HTTP Response</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Intercept the
reply and replace the body with document.forms[0].SUBMIT.disabled = false;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_52"
o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:345pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=460
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image008.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_52"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>4</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Updated HTTP Response</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>The button <20>Activate!<21> is now enabled!</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_53" o:spid="_x0000_i1026"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image009.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image010.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_53"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>5</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Activate! Button is enabled</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_54" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image011.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="/WebGoat/lesson_solutions/DOMInjection_files/image012.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_54"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'><3E></span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>6</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Lesson completed</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p>
</div>
<table align='RIGHT' cellspacing='0' width='90%' border='0' cellpadding='0'>
<tr>
<td valign='MIDDLE' width='100%' align='RIGHT class=MsoNormal' style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>
Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
</td>
<td valign='MIDDLE' align='RIGHT'><img hspace='0' vspace='0' border='0' alt='ZION SECURITY' src='images/logos/zionsecurity.gif'></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<a:clrMap xmlns:a="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/drawingml/2006/main" bg1="lt1" tx1="dk1" bg2="lt2" tx2="dk2" accent1="accent1" accent2="accent2" accent3="accent3" accent4="accent4" accent5="accent5" accent6="accent6" hlink="hlink" folHlink="folHlink"/>

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<xml xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office">
<o:MainFile HRef="../DOMInjection.html"/>
<o:File HRef="themedata.thmx"/>
<o:File HRef="colorschememapping.xml"/>
<o:File HRef="image001.png"/>
<o:File HRef="image002.jpg"/>
<o:File HRef="image003.png"/>
<o:File HRef="image004.jpg"/>
<o:File HRef="image005.png"/>
<o:File HRef="image006.jpg"/>
<o:File HRef="image007.png"/>
<o:File HRef="image008.jpg"/>
<o:File HRef="image009.png"/>
<o:File HRef="image010.jpg"/>
<o:File HRef="image011.png"/>
<o:File HRef="image012.jpg"/>
<o:File HRef="filelist.xml"/>
</xml>

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