From 1f4024d1587fc21b01c59f303dd260d819dfec80 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 21 Apr 2015 18:40:14 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 01/19] Initial cutover to backbone/underscore/require

---
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js |   40 +
 .../js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js   |    3 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js         |   12 +
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js     |   20 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js  |   32 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js  |   22 +
 .../js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js       |   39 +
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js    |  220 ++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   |   49 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js |   34 +
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone-min.js       |    2 +
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone.js           | 1608 +++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js  |    6 +
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery.form.js        | 1277 ++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.js            | 2083 +++++++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.min.js        |   36 +
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore-min.js     |    6 +
 src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore.js         | 1416 +++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/main.js                    |   37 +
 19 files changed, 6942 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone-min.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery.form.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.min.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore-min.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/main.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95319f609
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'libs/backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonData'
+	], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
+		'use strict'
+		//private vars
+
+		var controller = function() {
+			this.loadLesson = function(scr,menu) {
+				var curLessonData = new LessonData({
+					'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
+					'menu': encodeURIComponent(menu),
+				});
+			}
+		};
+
+		return controller;
+
+	//var curScreen,curMenu;
+
+	//return { 
+	//	'screen':curScreen
+		// loadLesson called from the router to load the given lesson
+		/*loadLesson: function (src,curMenu) {
+			var curLesson = new LessonData({
+				'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
+				'menu': encodeURIComponent(curMenu),
+			});
+
+			//set listeners
+
+		},
+		restartLesson: function () {
+
+		}
+		//getters & setters*/
+	//};
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e1cf6807f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/goatMenu','goatApp/view/MenuView'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData,MenuView) {
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3086375c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/goatRouter','goatApp/controller/LessonController','goatApp/controller/MenuController'],
+	function($,_,Backbone,Router,LessonController,MenuController){
+		'use strict'
+		//var goatRouter = new Router();
+
+		return {
+			initApp: function() {
+				//TODO: add query/ability to load from where they left off 
+				Router.init();
+			}
+		}
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ca625d70c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
+
+	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+		urlRoot:null,
+		defaults: {
+			items:null,
+			selectedItem:null
+		},
+		initialize: function (options) {
+			var self = this;
+			this.urlRoot = 'attack.jsp?Screen='+options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
+			this.fetch().then(function(content){
+				self.lessonContent = content
+			});
+		},
+		getHint: function (i) {
+
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d4a017962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+//var goatApp = goatApp || {};
+
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+var menuData = Backbone.Model.extend({
+		urlRoot:'/webgoat/service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+		defaults: {
+			items:null,
+			selectedItem:null
+		},
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
+				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+				this.setDataItems(menuItems);
+			});
+		},
+	
+		update: function() {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems) {
+				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+				self.setDataItems(menuItems);
+			});
+		},
+
+		setDataItems: function (data) {
+			this.items = data;
+		}
+	});
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..94cb506a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+var menuData = Backbone.Model.extend({
+		urlRoot:'/webgoat/service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+		defaults: {
+			items:null,
+			selectedItem:null
+		},
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
+				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+				self.items = menuItems;
+			});
+		},
+	
+		update: function() {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
+				self.items = data;
+				self.render(0);
+			});
+		}
+	});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7d7a44da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+//goatConstants
+
+var goatConstants = {
+	getClasses: function() {
+		return {
+			categoryClass:'fa-angle-right pull-right',
+			lessonCompleteClass:'glyphicon glyphicon-check lessonComplete',
+			selectedMenuClass:'selected',
+			keepOpenClass:'keepOpen'
+		};
+	},
+	getServices: function() {
+		return {
+			lessonService: 'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+			cookieService: 'service/cookie.mvc', //cookies_widget.mvc
+			hintService: 'service/hint.mvc',
+			sourceService: 'service/source.mvc',
+			solutionService: 'service/solution.mvc',
+			lessonPlanService: 'service/lessonplan.mvc',
+			menuService: 'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+			lessonTitleService: 'service/lessontitle.mvc',
+			restartLessonService: 'service/restartlesson.mvc'	
+		}
+	},
+	getMessages: function() {
+		return {
+			notFound: 'Could not find',
+			noHints: 'There are no hints defined.',
+			noSourcePulled: 'No source was retrieved for this lesson'
+		}
+	},
+	getDOMContainers:function() {
+		return {
+			lessonMenu: '#menuContainer'
+		}
+	}
+};
+
+
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce3426419
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+goatUtils = {
+    //TODO add recursion to handle arr[i].children objects
+    // ... in case lower-level's need classes as well ... don't right now
+    addMenuClasses: function(arr) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+            var menuItem = arr[i];
+            //console.log(menuItem);
+            if (menuItem.type && menuItem.type === 'CATEGORY') {
+                menuItem.class = 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
+            }
+        }
+        return arr;
+    },
+    debugFormSubmission: false,
+    // pre-submit callback 
+    showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
+        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+            // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
+            // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
+            var queryString = $.param(formData);
+
+            // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element.  To access the 
+            // DOM element for the form do this: 
+            // var formElement = jqForm[0]; 
+
+            alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);
+        }
+        // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; 
+        // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue 
+        return true;
+    },
+    // post-submit callback 
+    showResponse: function(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
+        // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback 
+        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property 
+
+        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
+        // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback 
+        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property 
+
+        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
+        // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
+        // is the json data object returned by the server 
+        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+            alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
+                    '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
+        }
+        // update lesson cookies and params
+        // make any embedded forms ajaxy
+        goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
+        // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
+        // but these are safe to call twice
+        goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
+        goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
+        //refresh menu
+        angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
+    },
+    makeFormsAjax: function() {
+        // make all forms ajax forms
+        var options = {
+            target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
+            beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+            success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+
+                    // other available options: 
+                    //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
+                    //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
+                    //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
+                    //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
+                    //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
+
+                    // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
+                    //timeout:   3000 
+        };
+        //console.log("Hooking any lesson forms to make them ajax");
+        $("form").ajaxForm(options);
+    },
+    enhanceMenuData: function (menuItems,selectedItem) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < menuItems.length; i++) {
+            menuItems[i].id = goatUtils.makeId(menuItems[i].name);//TODO move the replace routine into util function
+            if (selectedItem) {
+            }
+            //TODO: maintain state marker on refresh
+            //menuItems[i].displayClass = ($scope.openMenu === menuItems[i].id) ? goatConstants.getClasses().keepOpenClass : '';
+            //TODO: move to utility method
+            if (menuItems[i].children) {
+                for (var j = 0; j < menuItems[i].children.length; j++) {
+                    menuItems[i].children[j].id = goatUtils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].name);
+                    //handle selected Menu state
+                    if (menuItems[i].children[j].id ===  selectedItem) {
+                        menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
+                        menuItems[i].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
+                    }
+                    //handle complete state
+                    if (menuItems[i].children[j].complete) {
+                        menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = goatConstants.getClasses().lessonCompleteClass;
+                    } else {
+                        menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = '';
+                    }
+                    if (menuItems[i].children[j].children) {
+                        for (var k = 0; k < menuItems[i].children[j].children.length; k++) {
+                            //TODO make utility function for name >> id
+                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = goatUtils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name);
+                            //menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name.replace(/\s|\(|\)/g,'');
+                            //handle selected Menu state
+                            if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id === selectedItem) {
+                                menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
+                                menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
+                            }
+                            //handle complete state
+                            if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].complete) {
+                                menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = goatConstants.lessonCompleteClass;
+                            } else {
+                                menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = ''
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } // done parsing menuItems
+    },
+    //
+    displayButton: function(id, show) {
+        if ($('#' + id)) {
+            if (show) {
+                $('#' + id).show();
+            } else {
+                $('#' + id).hide();
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    showLessonCookiesAndParams: function() {
+        $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {}, function(reply) {
+            $("#lesson_cookies").html(reply);
+        }, "html");
+    },
+    showLessonHints: function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $('#lesson_hint').html();
+        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
+    },
+    showLessonSource: function(source) {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
+        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    },
+    showLessonSolution: function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
+        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    },
+    showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
+        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    },
+    scrollToHelp: function() {
+        $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
+        var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
+        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+    },
+    scrollToTop: function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        var target = $('#container');
+        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+    },
+    scrollEasy: function(target) {
+        $('html,body').animate({
+            scrollTop: target.offset().top
+        }, 1000);
+    },
+    scrapeParams: function(url) {
+        if (!url) {
+            return;
+        }
+        var params = url.split('?')[1].split('&');
+        var paramsArr = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+            var paramObj = {};
+            paramObj.name = params[i].split('=')[0];
+            paramObj.value = params[i].split('=')[1];
+            paramsArr.push(paramObj);
+        }
+        return paramsArr;
+    },
+    highlightCurrentLessonMenu: function(id) {
+        //TODO: move selectors in first two lines into goatConstants
+        $('ul li.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
+        $('ul li.selected a.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
+        $('#' + id).addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
+        $('#' + id).parent().addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
+    },
+    makeId: function(lessonName) {
+        return lessonName.replace(/\s|\(|\)|\!|\:|\;|\@|\#|\$|\%|\^|\&|\*/g, '');//TODO move the replace routine into util function
+    },
+    ajaxifyAttackHref: function() {
+        // rewrite any links with hrefs point to relative attack URLs
+         $.each($('a[href^="attack?"]'),
+			function(i,el) {
+				var url = $(el).attr('href');
+				$(el).unbind('click').attr('href','#').attr('link',url);
+				//TODO pull currentMenuId
+				$(el).click(function() {
+					event.preventDefault();
+					var _url = $(el).attr('link');
+					$.get(_url, {success:showResponse});
+				}
+			);
+         });
+    }
+};
+
+
+$(window).resize(function() {
+    //$('#leftside-navigation').css('height',$('div.panel-body').height());
+    console.log($(window).height());
+});
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..091cd37cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/goatMenu'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData) {
+
+	return  Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#menuContainer',
+		//TODO: set template
+
+		render: function (model){
+			//TODO: implement own HTML Encoder
+			this.$el.html(buildMenu(items));
+		},
+		buildMenu: function(items) {
+
+			var menuData = new MenuData();
+
+			var i, j, k, $wholeMenu, $menuCat, itemClass, $lessonItem, lessons, stages, $stageItem;
+			var _renderMenu = function (items) {
+				$wholeMenu = $('<ul>');
+				for (var i=0;i<items.length;i++){
+					// should be at category level ...
+					itemClass = (items[i].class || '');
+					if (items[i].type && items.type === 'CATEGORY') {
+						itemClass += 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
+					}
+					var $menuCat = $('<li>',{text:items[i].name,class:itemClass});
+					$wholeMenu.append($menuCat);
+					var lessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages' + items[0].displayClass,id:items[0].id}) //
+					// first tier lessons
+					var lessons = items[i].children;
+					for (j=0;j<lessons.length;j++) {
+						itemClass = (lessons[j].class || '');
+						$lessonItem = $('<li>',{text:lessons[j].name,id:lessons[j].id});//add click
+						lessonList.append($lessonItem);
+						//stages (children of lesson)
+						stages = lessons[j].children;
+						for (k=0;k<stages.length;k++) {
+							$stageItem = $('<li>',{text:stages[k].name,id:stages[k].id});
+							lessonList.append($stageItem);
+						}
+					}
+					$menuCat.append(lessonList);
+				}
+				return $wholeMenu;
+				//$wholeMenu.append($menuCat);
+				$(goatConstants.getDOMContainers().lessonMenu).html('').append($wholeMenu);
+			};
+			
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..eb4f77e58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/controller/LessonController'
+	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController) {
+	var GoatAppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
+		routes: {
+			//#....
+			'welcome':'welcomeRoute',
+			'attack/:scr/:menu':'attackRoute' //	
+		},
+		lessonController: new LessonController()
+	});
+
+
+
+	var init = function() {
+		goatRouter =  new GoatAppRouter();
+
+		goatRouter.on('route:attackRoute', function(scr,menu) {
+			this.lessonController.loadLesson(scr,menu);
+		});
+		goatRouter.on('route:welcomeRoute', function() {
+			alert('welcome route');
+		});
+		// init the history/router
+		Backbone.history.start();
+	}
+
+	return {
+		init:init
+	};
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone-min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone-min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ea4b13d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone-min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(function(t,e){if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define(["underscore","jquery","exports"],function(i,r,s){t.Backbone=e(t,s,i,r)})}else if(typeof exports!=="undefined"){var i=require("underscore");e(t,exports,i)}else{t.Backbone=e(t,{},t._,t.jQuery||t.Zepto||t.ender||t.$)}})(this,function(t,e,i,r){var s=t.Backbone;var n=[];var a=n.push;var o=n.slice;var h=n.splice;e.VERSION="1.1.2";e.$=r;e.noConflict=function(){t.Backbone=s;return this};e.emulateHTTP=false;e.emulateJSON=false;var u=e.Events={on:function(t,e,i){if(!c(this,"on",t,[e,i])||!e)return this;this._events||(this._events={});var r=this._events[t]||(this._events[t]=[]);r.push({callback:e,context:i,ctx:i||this});return this},once:function(t,e,r){if(!c(this,"once",t,[e,r])||!e)return this;var s=this;var n=i.once(function(){s.off(t,n);e.apply(this,arguments)});n._callback=e;return this.on(t,n,r)},off:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o,h,u,l,f;if(!this._events||!c(this,"off",t,[e,r]))return this;if(!t&&!e&&!r){this._events=void 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false}return true};var f=function(t,e){var i,r=-1,s=t.length,n=e[0],a=e[1],o=e[2];switch(e.length){case 0:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx);return;case 1:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx,n);return;case 2:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx,n,a);return;case 3:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx,n,a,o);return;default:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.apply(i.ctx,e);return}};var d={listenTo:"on",listenToOnce:"once"};i.each(d,function(t,e){u[e]=function(e,r,s){var n=this._listeningTo||(this._listeningTo={});var a=e._listenId||(e._listenId=i.uniqueId("l"));n[a]=e;if(!s&&typeof r==="object")s=this;e[t](r,s,this);return this}});u.bind=u.on;u.unbind=u.off;i.extend(e,u);var p=e.Model=function(t,e){var r=t||{};e||(e={});this.cid=i.uniqueId("c");this.attributes={};if(e.collection)this.collection=e.collection;if(e.parse)r=this.parse(r,e)||{};r=i.defaults({},r,i.result(this,"defaults"));this.set(r,e);this.changed={};this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)};i.extend(p.prototype,u,{changed:null,validationError:null,idAttribute:"id",initialize:function(){},toJSON:function(t){return i.clone(this.attributes)},sync:function(){return e.sync.apply(this,arguments)},get:function(t){return this.attributes[t]},escape:function(t){return i.escape(this.get(t))},has:function(t){return this.get(t)!=null},set:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o,h,u,l,c;if(t==null)return this;if(typeof t==="object"){n=t;r=e}else{(n={})[t]=e}r||(r={});if(!this._validate(n,r))return false;a=r.unset;h=r.silent;o=[];u=this._changing;this._changing=true;if(!u){this._previousAttributes=i.clone(this.attributes);this.changed={}}c=this.attributes,l=this._previousAttributes;if(this.idAttribute in n)this.id=n[this.idAttribute];for(s in 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true;t=i.extend({},this.attributes,t);var r=this.validationError=this.validate(t,e)||null;if(!r)return true;this.trigger("invalid",this,r,i.extend(e,{validationError:r}));return false}});var v=["keys","values","pairs","invert","pick","omit"];i.each(v,function(t){p.prototype[t]=function(){var e=o.call(arguments);e.unshift(this.attributes);return i[t].apply(i,e)}});var g=e.Collection=function(t,e){e||(e={});if(e.model)this.model=e.model;if(e.comparator!==void 0)this.comparator=e.comparator;this._reset();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments);if(t)this.reset(t,i.extend({silent:true},e))};var m={add:true,remove:true,merge:true};var y={add:true,remove:false};i.extend(g.prototype,u,{model:p,initialize:function(){},toJSON:function(t){return this.map(function(e){return e.toJSON(t)})},sync:function(){return e.sync.apply(this,arguments)},add:function(t,e){return this.set(t,i.extend({merge:false},e,y))},remove:function(t,e){var r=!i.isArray(t);t=r?[t]:i.clone(t);e||(e={});var 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e=this.at(this.length-1);this.remove(e,t);return e},unshift:function(t,e){return this.add(t,i.extend({at:0},e))},shift:function(t){var e=this.at(0);this.remove(e,t);return e},slice:function(){return o.apply(this.models,arguments)},get:function(t){if(t==null)return void 0;return this._byId[t]||this._byId[t.id]||this._byId[t.cid]},at:function(t){return this.models[t]},where:function(t,e){if(i.isEmpty(t))return e?void 0:[];return this[e?"find":"filter"](function(e){for(var i in t){if(t[i]!==e.get(i))return false}return true})},findWhere:function(t){return this.where(t,true)},sort:function(t){if(!this.comparator)throw new Error("Cannot sort a set without a comparator");t||(t={});if(i.isString(this.comparator)||this.comparator.length===1){this.models=this.sortBy(this.comparator,this)}else{this.models.sort(i.bind(this.comparator,this))}if(!t.silent)this.trigger("sort",this,t);return this},pluck:function(t){return i.invoke(this.models,"get",t)},fetch:function(t){t=t?i.clone(t):{};if(t.parse===void 0)t.parse=true;var e=t.success;var r=this;t.success=function(i){var s=t.reset?"reset":"set";r[s](i,t);if(e)e(r,i,t);r.trigger("sync",r,i,t)};q(this,t);return this.sync("read",this,t)},create:function(t,e){e=e?i.clone(e):{};if(!(t=this._prepareModel(t,e)))return false;if(!e.wait)this.add(t,e);var r=this;var s=e.success;e.success=function(t,i){if(e.wait)r.add(t,e);if(s)s(t,i,e)};t.save(null,e);return t},parse:function(t,e){return t},clone:function(){return new this.constructor(this.models)},_reset:function(){this.length=0;this.models=[];this._byId={}},_prepareModel:function(t,e){if(t instanceof p)return t;e=e?i.clone(e):{};e.collection=this;var r=new this.model(t,e);if(!r.validationError)return r;this.trigger("invalid",this,r.validationError,e);return false},_addReference:function(t,e){this._byId[t.cid]=t;if(t.id!=null)this._byId[t.id]=t;if(!t.collection)t.collection=this;t.on("all",this._onModelEvent,this)},_removeReference:function(t,e){if(this===t.collection)delete t.collection;t.off("all",this._onModelEvent,this)},_onModelEvent:function(t,e,i,r){if((t==="add"||t==="remove")&&i!==this)return;if(t==="destroy")this.remove(e,r);if(e&&t==="change:"+e.idAttribute){delete this._byId[e.previous(e.idAttribute)];if(e.id!=null)this._byId[e.id]=e}this.trigger.apply(this,arguments)}});var _=["forEach","each","map","collect","reduce","foldl","inject","reduceRight","foldr","find","detect","filter","select","reject","every","all","some","any","include","contains","invoke","max","min","toArray","size","first","head","take","initial","rest","tail","drop","last","without","difference","indexOf","shuffle","lastIndexOf","isEmpty","chain","sample"];i.each(_,function(t){g.prototype[t]=function(){var e=o.call(arguments);e.unshift(this.models);return i[t].apply(i,e)}});var b=["groupBy","countBy","sortBy","indexBy"];i.each(b,function(t){g.prototype[t]=function(e,r){var s=i.isFunction(e)?e:function(t){return t.get(e)};return i[t](this.models,s,r)}});var w=e.View=function(t){this.cid=i.uniqueId("view");t||(t={});i.extend(this,i.pick(t,E));this._ensureElement();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments);this.delegateEvents()};var x=/^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;var E=["model","collection","el","id","attributes","className","tagName","events"];i.extend(w.prototype,u,{tagName:"div",$:function(t){return this.$el.find(t)},initialize:function(){},render:function(){return this},remove:function(){this.$el.remove();this.stopListening();return this},setElement:function(t,i){if(this.$el)this.undelegateEvents();this.$el=t instanceof e.$?t:e.$(t);this.el=this.$el[0];if(i!==false)this.delegateEvents();return this},delegateEvents:function(t){if(!(t||(t=i.result(this,"events"))))return this;this.undelegateEvents();for(var e in t){var r=t[e];if(!i.isFunction(r))r=this[t[e]];if(!r)continue;var s=e.match(x);var n=s[1],a=s[2];r=i.bind(r,this);n+=".delegateEvents"+this.cid;if(a===""){this.$el.on(n,r)}else{this.$el.on(n,a,r)}}return this},undelegateEvents:function(){this.$el.off(".delegateEvents"+this.cid);return this},_ensureElement:function(){if(!this.el){var t=i.extend({},i.result(this,"attributes"));if(this.id)t.id=i.result(this,"id");if(this.className)t["class"]=i.result(this,"className");var r=e.$("<"+i.result(this,"tagName")+">").attr(t);this.setElement(r,false)}else{this.setElement(i.result(this,"el"),false)}}});e.sync=function(t,r,s){var n=T[t];i.defaults(s||(s={}),{emulateHTTP:e.emulateHTTP,emulateJSON:e.emulateJSON});var a={type:n,dataType:"json"};if(!s.url){a.url=i.result(r,"url")||M()}if(s.data==null&&r&&(t==="create"||t==="update"||t==="patch")){a.contentType="application/json";a.data=JSON.stringify(s.attrs||r.toJSON(s))}if(s.emulateJSON){a.contentType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded";a.data=a.data?{model:a.data}:{}}if(s.emulateHTTP&&(n==="PUT"||n==="DELETE"||n==="PATCH")){a.type="POST";if(s.emulateJSON)a.data._method=n;var o=s.beforeSend;s.beforeSend=function(t){t.setRequestHeader("X-HTTP-Method-Override",n);if(o)return o.apply(this,arguments)}}if(a.type!=="GET"&&!s.emulateJSON){a.processData=false}if(a.type==="PATCH"&&k){a.xhr=function(){return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}}var h=s.xhr=e.ajax(i.extend(a,s));r.trigger("request",r,h,s);return h};var k=typeof window!=="undefined"&&!!window.ActiveXObject&&!(window.XMLHttpRequest&&(new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);var T={create:"POST",update:"PUT",patch:"PATCH","delete":"DELETE",read:"GET"};e.ajax=function(){return e.$.ajax.apply(e.$,arguments)};var $=e.Router=function(t){t||(t={});if(t.routes)this.routes=t.routes;this._bindRoutes();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)};var S=/\((.*?)\)/g;var H=/(\(\?)?:\w+/g;var A=/\*\w+/g;var I=/[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;i.extend($.prototype,u,{initialize:function(){},route:function(t,r,s){if(!i.isRegExp(t))t=this._routeToRegExp(t);if(i.isFunction(r)){s=r;r=""}if(!s)s=this[r];var n=this;e.history.route(t,function(i){var a=n._extractParameters(t,i);n.execute(s,a);n.trigger.apply(n,["route:"+r].concat(a));n.trigger("route",r,a);e.history.trigger("route",n,r,a)});return this},execute:function(t,e){if(t)t.apply(this,e)},navigate:function(t,i){e.history.navigate(t,i);return this},_bindRoutes:function(){if(!this.routes)return;this.routes=i.result(this,"routes");var t,e=i.keys(this.routes);while((t=e.pop())!=null){this.route(t,this.routes[t])}},_routeToRegExp:function(t){t=t.replace(I,"\\$&").replace(S,"(?:$1)?").replace(H,function(t,e){return e?t:"([^/?]+)"}).replace(A,"([^?]*?)");return new RegExp("^"+t+"(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$")},_extractParameters:function(t,e){var r=t.exec(e).slice(1);return i.map(r,function(t,e){if(e===r.length-1)return t||null;return t?decodeURIComponent(t):null})}});var N=e.History=function(){this.handlers=[];i.bindAll(this,"checkUrl");if(typeof window!=="undefined"){this.location=window.location;this.history=window.history}};var R=/^[#\/]|\s+$/g;var O=/^\/+|\/+$/g;var P=/msie [\w.]+/;var C=/\/$/;var j=/#.*$/;N.started=false;i.extend(N.prototype,u,{interval:50,atRoot:function(){return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/,"$&/")===this.root},getHash:function(t){var e=(t||this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);return e?e[1]:""},getFragment:function(t,e){if(t==null){if(this._hasPushState||!this._wantsHashChange||e){t=decodeURI(this.location.pathname+this.location.search);var i=this.root.replace(C,"");if(!t.indexOf(i))t=t.slice(i.length)}else{t=this.getHash()}}return t.replace(R,"")},start:function(t){if(N.started)throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");N.started=true;this.options=i.extend({root:"/"},this.options,t);this.root=this.options.root;this._wantsHashChange=this.options.hashChange!==false;this._wantsPushState=!!this.options.pushState;this._hasPushState=!!(this.options.pushState&&this.history&&this.history.pushState);var r=this.getFragment();var s=document.documentMode;var n=P.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase())&&(!s||s<=7);this.root=("/"+this.root+"/").replace(O,"/");if(n&&this._wantsHashChange){var a=e.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');this.iframe=a.hide().appendTo("body")[0].contentWindow;this.navigate(r)}if(this._hasPushState){e.$(window).on("popstate",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange&&"onhashchange"in window&&!n){e.$(window).on("hashchange",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._checkUrlInterval=setInterval(this.checkUrl,this.interval)}this.fragment=r;var o=this.location;if(this._wantsHashChange&&this._wantsPushState){if(!this._hasPushState&&!this.atRoot()){this.fragment=this.getFragment(null,true);this.location.replace(this.root+"#"+this.fragment);return true}else if(this._hasPushState&&this.atRoot()&&o.hash){this.fragment=this.getHash().replace(R,"");this.history.replaceState({},document.title,this.root+this.fragment)}}if(!this.options.silent)return this.loadUrl()},stop:function(){e.$(window).off("popstate",this.checkUrl).off("hashchange",this.checkUrl);if(this._checkUrlInterval)clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);N.started=false},route:function(t,e){this.handlers.unshift({route:t,callback:e})},checkUrl:function(t){var e=this.getFragment();if(e===this.fragment&&this.iframe){e=this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))}if(e===this.fragment)return false;if(this.iframe)this.navigate(e);this.loadUrl()},loadUrl:function(t){t=this.fragment=this.getFragment(t);return i.any(this.handlers,function(e){if(e.route.test(t)){e.callback(t);return true}})},navigate:function(t,e){if(!N.started)return false;if(!e||e===true)e={trigger:!!e};var i=this.root+(t=this.getFragment(t||""));t=t.replace(j,"");if(this.fragment===t)return;this.fragment=t;if(t===""&&i!=="/")i=i.slice(0,-1);if(this._hasPushState){this.history[e.replace?"replaceState":"pushState"]({},document.title,i)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._updateHash(this.location,t,e.replace);if(this.iframe&&t!==this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))){if(!e.replace)this.iframe.document.open().close();this._updateHash(this.iframe.location,t,e.replace)}}else{return this.location.assign(i)}if(e.trigger)return this.loadUrl(t)},_updateHash:function(t,e,i){if(i){var r=t.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/,"");t.replace(r+"#"+e)}else{t.hash="#"+e}}});e.history=new N;var U=function(t,e){var r=this;var s;if(t&&i.has(t,"constructor")){s=t.constructor}else{s=function(){return r.apply(this,arguments)}}i.extend(s,r,e);var n=function(){this.constructor=s};n.prototype=r.prototype;s.prototype=new n;if(t)i.extend(s.prototype,t);s.__super__=r.prototype;return s};p.extend=g.extend=$.extend=w.extend=N.extend=U;var M=function(){throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified')};var q=function(t,e){var i=e.error;e.error=function(r){if(i)i(t,r,e);t.trigger("error",t,r,e)}};return e});
+//# sourceMappingURL=backbone-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24a550a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/backbone.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1608 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.2
+
+//     (c) 2010-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(root, factory) {
+
+  // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
+      // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
+      // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
+      root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
+    });
+
+  // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
+  } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    var _ = require('underscore');
+    factory(root, exports, _);
+
+  // Finally, as a browser global.
+  } else {
+    root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
+  }
+
+}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
+
+  // Initial Setup
+  // -------------
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+  var array = [];
+  var push = array.push;
+  var slice = array.slice;
+  var splice = array.splice;
+
+  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
+
+  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+  // the `$` variable.
+  Backbone.$ = $;
+
+  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+  // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+  // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+  // form param named `model`.
+  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+  // Backbone.Events
+  // ---------------
+
+  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // succession.
+  //
+  //     var object = {};
+  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+  //     object.trigger('expand');
+  //
+  var Events = Backbone.Events = {
+
+    // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+    // the callback to all events fired.
+    on: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      this._events || (this._events = {});
+      var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
+      events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+    // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+    once: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      var self = this;
+      var once = _.once(function() {
+        self.off(name, once);
+        callback.apply(this, arguments);
+      });
+      once._callback = callback;
+      return this.on(name, once, context);
+    },
+
+    // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+    // callbacks for all events.
+    off: function(name, callback, context) {
+      var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
+      if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
+      if (!name && !callback && !context) {
+        this._events = void 0;
+        return this;
+      }
+      names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
+      for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        name = names[i];
+        if (events = this._events[name]) {
+          this._events[name] = retain = [];
+          if (callback || context) {
+            for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
+              ev = events[j];
+              if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
+                  (context && context !== ev.context)) {
+                retain.push(ev);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
+        }
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+    // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+    // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+    // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+    trigger: function(name) {
+      if (!this._events) return this;
+      var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
+      var events = this._events[name];
+      var allEvents = this._events.all;
+      if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+      if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+    // to every object it's currently listening to.
+    stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
+      if (!listeningTo) return this;
+      var remove = !name && !callback;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
+      for (var id in listeningTo) {
+        obj = listeningTo[id];
+        obj.off(name, callback, this);
+        if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+  // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
+  // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
+  // in terms of the existing API.
+  var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
+    if (!name) return true;
+
+    // Handle event maps.
+    if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Handle space separated event names.
+    if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+      var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
+      for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+  // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+  // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+  var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+    var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+      case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+      case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+      case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+      default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
+    }
+  };
+
+  var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
+  // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
+  // listening to.
+  _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
+    Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+      var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+      listeningTo[id] = obj;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
+      return this;
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+  Events.bind   = Events.on;
+  Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+  // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+  // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+  _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+  // Backbone.Model
+  // --------------
+
+  // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+  // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+  // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+  // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+  // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+    var attrs = attributes || {};
+    options || (options = {});
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+    this.attributes = {};
+    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+    this.set(attrs, options);
+    this.changed = {};
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+    changed: null,
+
+    // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+    validationError: null,
+
+    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+    idAttribute: 'id',
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return _.clone(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+    // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get the value of an attribute.
+    get: function(attr) {
+      return this.attributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+    escape: function(attr) {
+      return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+    },
+
+    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+    // or undefined.
+    has: function(attr) {
+      return this.get(attr) != null;
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+    // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+    // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+    set: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+      if (key == null) return this;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run validation.
+      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+      // Extract attributes and options.
+      unset           = options.unset;
+      silent          = options.silent;
+      changes         = [];
+      changing        = this._changing;
+      this._changing  = true;
+
+      if (!changing) {
+        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+        this.changed = {};
+      }
+      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+      // Check for changes of `id`.
+      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+      // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+      for (attr in attrs) {
+        val = attrs[attr];
+        if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+          this.changed[attr] = val;
+        } else {
+          delete this.changed[attr];
+        }
+        unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+      }
+
+      // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+      if (!silent) {
+        if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
+        for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
+          this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+      // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+      if (changing) return this;
+      if (!silent) {
+        while (this._pending) {
+          options = this._pending;
+          this._pending = false;
+          this.trigger('change', this, options);
+        }
+      }
+      this._pending = false;
+      this._changing = false;
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+    // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    unset: function(attr, options) {
+      return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+    clear: function(options) {
+      var attrs = {};
+      for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+      return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+    hasChanged: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+    },
+
+    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+    // determining if there *would be* a change.
+    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+      var val, changed = false;
+      var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      for (var attr in diff) {
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+      }
+      return changed;
+    },
+
+    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+    // `"change"` event was fired.
+    previous: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+    // `"change"` event.
+    previousAttributes: function() {
+      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+    // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
+    // triggering a `"change"` event.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+    // state will be `set` again.
+    save: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+      // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+      // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+      // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+      if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+        if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+      }
+
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) {
+        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+      }
+
+      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+      // updated with the server-side state.
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+        model.attributes = attributes;
+        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+        if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
+      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+      // Restore attributes.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+    destroy: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+
+      var destroy = function() {
+        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+      };
+
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+
+      if (this.isNew()) {
+        options.success();
+        return false;
+      }
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+      if (!options.wait) destroy();
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+    // that will be called.
+    url: function() {
+      var base =
+        _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
+        _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
+        urlError();
+      if (this.isNew()) return base;
+      return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+    isNew: function() {
+      return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
+    },
+
+    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+    isValid: function(options) {
+      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+    },
+
+    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+    // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+      var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+      if (!error) return true;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+  _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+    Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.attributes);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.Collection
+  // -------------------
+
+  // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+  // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+  // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+  // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+  // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+  // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+  // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+  // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+    if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+    this._reset();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+  };
+
+  // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+  var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+  var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+    // This should be overridden in most cases.
+    model: Model,
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+    // models' attributes.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    add: function(models, options) {
+      return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+    remove: function(models, options) {
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+      options || (options = {});
+      var i, l, index, model;
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+        if (!model) continue;
+        delete this._byId[model.id];
+        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+        index = this.indexOf(model);
+        this.models.splice(index, 1);
+        this.length--;
+        if (!options.silent) {
+          options.index = index;
+          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+        }
+        this._removeReference(model, options);
+      }
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+    // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+    // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+    // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+    set: function(models, options) {
+      options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
+      var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      var at = options.at;
+      var targetModel = this.model;
+      var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+      var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+
+      // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+      // from being added.
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        attrs = models[i] || {};
+        if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+          id = model = attrs;
+        } else {
+          id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
+        }
+
+        // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+        // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+        if (existing = this.get(id)) {
+          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+          if (merge) {
+            attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
+            if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+            existing.set(attrs, options);
+            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+          }
+          models[i] = existing;
+
+        // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+        } else if (add) {
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+          if (!model) continue;
+          toAdd.push(model);
+          this._addReference(model, options);
+        }
+
+        // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
+        model = existing || model;
+        if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[model.id])) order.push(model);
+        modelMap[model.id] = true;
+      }
+
+      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      if (remove) {
+        for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
+          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+      }
+
+      // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+      if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
+        if (sortable) sort = true;
+        this.length += toAdd.length;
+        if (at != null) {
+          for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+          for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+      if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+      // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+      if (!options.silent) {
+        for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
+        }
+        if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      }
+
+      // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+    // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+    // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+    reset: function(models, options) {
+      options || (options = {});
+      for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
+      }
+      options.previousModels = this.models;
+      this._reset();
+      models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+      return models;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+    push: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+    pop: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+    unshift: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+    shift: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(0);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+    slice: function() {
+      return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get a model from the set by id.
+    get: function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
+    },
+
+    // Get the model at the given index.
+    at: function(index) {
+      return this.models[index];
+    },
+
+    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+    // `filter`.
+    where: function(attrs, first) {
+      if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+        for (var key in attrs) {
+          if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+    // of `find`.
+    findWhere: function(attrs) {
+      return this.where(attrs, true);
+    },
+
+    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+    // is added.
+    sort: function(options) {
+      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      } else {
+        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+      }
+
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+    pluck: function(attr) {
+      return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+    // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+    // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var success = options.success;
+      var collection = this;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+        collection[method](resp, options);
+        if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
+        collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+    // wait for the server to agree.
+    create: function(model, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+      var collection = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(model, resp) {
+        if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+      };
+      model.save(null, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.models);
+    },
+
+    // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+    // is first initialized or reset.
+    _reset: function() {
+      this.length = 0;
+      this.models = [];
+      this._byId  = {};
+    },
+
+    // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+    // collection.
+    _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (attrs instanceof Model) return attrs;
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      options.collection = this;
+      var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+      if (!model.validationError) return model;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
+    _addReference: function(model, options) {
+      this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+      if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      if (!model.collection) model.collection = this;
+      model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+    _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+      if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+    // in other collections are ignored.
+    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+      if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+      if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+      if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+        delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+        if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      }
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+  // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+  // right here:
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+    'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+    'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+    'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+    'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+    'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.models);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
+
+  // Use attributes instead of properties.
+  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+        return model.get(value);
+      };
+      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.View
+  // -------------
+
+  // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+  // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+  // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+  // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+  // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+  // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+  // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+  // if an existing element is not provided...
+  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+    options || (options = {});
+    _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+    this._ensureElement();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    this.delegateEvents();
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+    tagName: 'div',
+
+    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+    // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+    $: function(selector) {
+      return this.$el.find(selector);
+    },
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+    render: function() {
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+    // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+    remove: function() {
+      this.$el.remove();
+      this.stopListening();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
+    // re-delegation.
+    setElement: function(element, delegate) {
+      if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
+      this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
+      this.el = this.$el[0];
+      if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+    //
+    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+    //
+    //     {
+    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+    //       'click .button':     'save',
+    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+    //     }
+    //
+    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+    // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+    // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+    delegateEvents: function(events) {
+      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      for (var key in events) {
+        var method = events[key];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!method) continue;
+
+        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+        var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+        method = _.bind(method, this);
+        eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+        if (selector === '') {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, method);
+        } else {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+    undelegateEvents: function() {
+      this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+    _ensureElement: function() {
+      if (!this.el) {
+        var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+        if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+        var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
+        this.setElement($el, false);
+      } else {
+        this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.sync
+  // -------------
+
+  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+  //
+  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+  //
+  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+    var type = methodMap[method];
+
+    // Default options, unless specified.
+    _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+      emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+      emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+    });
+
+    // Default JSON-request options.
+    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+    // Ensure that we have a URL.
+    if (!options.url) {
+      params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+    if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/json';
+      params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+    if (options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+    if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+      params.type = 'POST';
+      if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+      var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+      options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+        xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+        if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.processData = false;
+    }
+
+    // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
+    // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
+    // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
+    if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
+      params.xhr = function() {
+        return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+    var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+    model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+    return xhr;
+  };
+
+  var noXhrPatch =
+    typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject &&
+      !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
+
+  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+  var methodMap = {
+    'create': 'POST',
+    'update': 'PUT',
+    'patch':  'PATCH',
+    'delete': 'DELETE',
+    'read':   'GET'
+  };
+
+  // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+  // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+  Backbone.ajax = function() {
+    return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Backbone.Router
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+    this._bindRoutes();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+  // parts of route strings.
+  var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+  var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
+  var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+    //
+    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+    //       ...
+    //     });
+    //
+    route: function(route, name, callback) {
+      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+      if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        callback = name;
+        name = '';
+      }
+      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+      var router = this;
+      Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+        var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+        router.execute(callback, args);
+        router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+        router.trigger('route', name, args);
+        Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters.  This is an
+    // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
+    execute: function(callback, args) {
+      if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+    _bindRoutes: function() {
+      if (!this.routes) return;
+      this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+      var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+      while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+        this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+    // against the current location hash.
+    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                   .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                   .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+                     return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
+                   })
+                   .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
+      return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
+    },
+
+    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+    // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+    // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+      var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+      return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
+        // Don't decode the search params.
+        if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
+        return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+      });
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.History
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+  // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+  // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+  // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+  // falls back to polling.
+  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+    this.handlers = [];
+    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+      this.location = window.location;
+      this.history = window.history;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+  var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+  var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+  // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
+  var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
+  var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
+
+  // Has the history handling already been started?
+  History.started = false;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+    // twenty times a second.
+    interval: 50,
+
+    // Are we at the app root?
+    atRoot: function() {
+      return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
+    },
+
+    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+    getHash: function(window) {
+      var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+      return match ? match[1] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+    // the hash, or the override.
+    getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
+      if (fragment == null) {
+        if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
+          fragment = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.location.search);
+          var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
+          if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
+        } else {
+          fragment = this.getHash();
+        }
+      }
+      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+    },
+
+    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+    start: function(options) {
+      if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+      History.started = true;
+
+      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+      this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+      this.root             = this.options.root;
+      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
+      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+      var fragment          = this.getFragment();
+      var docMode           = document.documentMode;
+      var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+
+      // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+      this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+      if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
+        var frame = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');
+        this.iframe = frame.hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+        this.navigate(fragment);
+      }
+
+      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+      }
+
+      // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+      // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+      var loc = this.location;
+
+      // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+      // requested.
+      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+        // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+        // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+        if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
+          this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+          this.location.replace(this.root + '#' + this.fragment);
+          // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+          return true;
+
+        // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+        // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+        } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot() && loc.hash) {
+          this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
+          this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+    stop: function() {
+      Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+      History.started = false;
+    },
+
+    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+    // may override previous routes.
+    route: function(route, callback) {
+      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+    },
+
+    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+    checkUrl: function(e) {
+      var current = this.getFragment();
+      if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+        current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
+      }
+      if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+      this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+    // returns `false`.
+    loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+      fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+          handler.callback(fragment);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+    // the fragment in advance.
+    //
+    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      if (!History.started) return false;
+      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+      var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
+
+      // Strip the hash for matching.
+      fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
+
+      if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+
+      // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+      if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
+
+      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+      // fragment to store history.
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
+          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+          // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+          // want this.
+          if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        }
+
+      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+      } else {
+        return this.location.assign(url);
+      }
+      if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+    },
+
+    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+    // a new one to the browser history.
+    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+      if (replace) {
+        var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+        location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+      } else {
+        // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+        location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Create the default Backbone.history.
+  Backbone.history = new History;
+
+  // Helpers
+  // -------
+
+  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+  // class properties to be extended.
+  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+    var parent = this;
+    var child;
+
+    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+      child = protoProps.constructor;
+    } else {
+      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+    }
+
+    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+    // `parent`'s constructor function.
+    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+    // if supplied.
+    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+    // later.
+    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+    return child;
+  };
+
+  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+  var urlError = function() {
+    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+  };
+
+  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+  var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(resp) {
+      if (error) error(model, resp, options);
+      model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+    };
+  };
+
+  return Backbone;
+
+}));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da4170647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery-1.10.2.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/*! jQuery v1.10.2 | (c) 2005, 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. | jquery.org/license
+//@ sourceMappingURL=jquery-1.10.2.min.map
+*/
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diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery.form.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery.form.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..591ad6f1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/jquery.form.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1277 @@
+/*!
+ * jQuery Form Plugin
+ * version: 3.51.0-2014.06.20
+ * Requires jQuery v1.5 or later
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 M. Alsup
+ * Examples and documentation at: http://malsup.com/jquery/form/
+ * Project repository: https://github.com/malsup/form
+ * Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
+ * https://github.com/malsup/form#copyright-and-license
+ */
+/*global ActiveXObject */
+
+// AMD support
+(function (factory) {
+    "use strict";
+    if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+        // using AMD; register as anon module
+        define(['jquery'], factory);
+    } else {
+        // no AMD; invoke directly
+        factory( (typeof(jQuery) != 'undefined') ? jQuery : window.Zepto );
+    }
+}
+
+(function($) {
+"use strict";
+
+/*
+    Usage Note:
+    -----------
+    Do not use both ajaxSubmit and ajaxForm on the same form.  These
+    functions are mutually exclusive.  Use ajaxSubmit if you want
+    to bind your own submit handler to the form.  For example,
+
+    $(document).ready(function() {
+        $('#myForm').on('submit', function(e) {
+            e.preventDefault(); // <-- important
+            $(this).ajaxSubmit({
+                target: '#output'
+            });
+        });
+    });
+
+    Use ajaxForm when you want the plugin to manage all the event binding
+    for you.  For example,
+
+    $(document).ready(function() {
+        $('#myForm').ajaxForm({
+            target: '#output'
+        });
+    });
+
+    You can also use ajaxForm with delegation (requires jQuery v1.7+), so the
+    form does not have to exist when you invoke ajaxForm:
+
+    $('#myForm').ajaxForm({
+        delegation: true,
+        target: '#output'
+    });
+
+    When using ajaxForm, the ajaxSubmit function will be invoked for you
+    at the appropriate time.
+*/
+
+/**
+ * Feature detection
+ */
+var feature = {};
+feature.fileapi = $("<input type='file'/>").get(0).files !== undefined;
+feature.formdata = window.FormData !== undefined;
+
+var hasProp = !!$.fn.prop;
+
+// attr2 uses prop when it can but checks the return type for
+// an expected string.  this accounts for the case where a form 
+// contains inputs with names like "action" or "method"; in those
+// cases "prop" returns the element
+$.fn.attr2 = function() {
+    if ( ! hasProp ) {
+        return this.attr.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+    var val = this.prop.apply(this, arguments);
+    if ( ( val && val.jquery ) || typeof val === 'string' ) {
+        return val;
+    }
+    return this.attr.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+/**
+ * ajaxSubmit() provides a mechanism for immediately submitting
+ * an HTML form using AJAX.
+ */
+$.fn.ajaxSubmit = function(options) {
+    /*jshint scripturl:true */
+
+    // fast fail if nothing selected (http://dev.jquery.com/ticket/2752)
+    if (!this.length) {
+        log('ajaxSubmit: skipping submit process - no element selected');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    var method, action, url, $form = this;
+
+    if (typeof options == 'function') {
+        options = { success: options };
+    }
+    else if ( options === undefined ) {
+        options = {};
+    }
+
+    method = options.type || this.attr2('method');
+    action = options.url  || this.attr2('action');
+
+    url = (typeof action === 'string') ? $.trim(action) : '';
+    url = url || window.location.href || '';
+    if (url) {
+        // clean url (don't include hash vaue)
+        url = (url.match(/^([^#]+)/)||[])[1];
+    }
+
+    options = $.extend(true, {
+        url:  url,
+        success: $.ajaxSettings.success,
+        type: method || $.ajaxSettings.type,
+        iframeSrc: /^https/i.test(window.location.href || '') ? 'javascript:false' : 'about:blank'
+    }, options);
+
+    // hook for manipulating the form data before it is extracted;
+    // convenient for use with rich editors like tinyMCE or FCKEditor
+    var veto = {};
+    this.trigger('form-pre-serialize', [this, options, veto]);
+    if (veto.veto) {
+        log('ajaxSubmit: submit vetoed via form-pre-serialize trigger');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // provide opportunity to alter form data before it is serialized
+    if (options.beforeSerialize && options.beforeSerialize(this, options) === false) {
+        log('ajaxSubmit: submit aborted via beforeSerialize callback');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    var traditional = options.traditional;
+    if ( traditional === undefined ) {
+        traditional = $.ajaxSettings.traditional;
+    }
+
+    var elements = [];
+    var qx, a = this.formToArray(options.semantic, elements);
+    if (options.data) {
+        options.extraData = options.data;
+        qx = $.param(options.data, traditional);
+    }
+
+    // give pre-submit callback an opportunity to abort the submit
+    if (options.beforeSubmit && options.beforeSubmit(a, this, options) === false) {
+        log('ajaxSubmit: submit aborted via beforeSubmit callback');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    // fire vetoable 'validate' event
+    this.trigger('form-submit-validate', [a, this, options, veto]);
+    if (veto.veto) {
+        log('ajaxSubmit: submit vetoed via form-submit-validate trigger');
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    var q = $.param(a, traditional);
+    if (qx) {
+        q = ( q ? (q + '&' + qx) : qx );
+    }
+    if (options.type.toUpperCase() == 'GET') {
+        options.url += (options.url.indexOf('?') >= 0 ? '&' : '?') + q;
+        options.data = null;  // data is null for 'get'
+    }
+    else {
+        options.data = q; // data is the query string for 'post'
+    }
+
+    var callbacks = [];
+    if (options.resetForm) {
+        callbacks.push(function() { $form.resetForm(); });
+    }
+    if (options.clearForm) {
+        callbacks.push(function() { $form.clearForm(options.includeHidden); });
+    }
+
+    // perform a load on the target only if dataType is not provided
+    if (!options.dataType && options.target) {
+        var oldSuccess = options.success || function(){};
+        callbacks.push(function(data) {
+            var fn = options.replaceTarget ? 'replaceWith' : 'html';
+            $(options.target)[fn](data).each(oldSuccess, arguments);
+        });
+    }
+    else if (options.success) {
+        callbacks.push(options.success);
+    }
+
+    options.success = function(data, status, xhr) { // jQuery 1.4+ passes xhr as 3rd arg
+        var context = options.context || this ;    // jQuery 1.4+ supports scope context
+        for (var i=0, max=callbacks.length; i < max; i++) {
+            callbacks[i].apply(context, [data, status, xhr || $form, $form]);
+        }
+    };
+
+    if (options.error) {
+        var oldError = options.error;
+        options.error = function(xhr, status, error) {
+            var context = options.context || this;
+            oldError.apply(context, [xhr, status, error, $form]);
+        };
+    }
+
+     if (options.complete) {
+        var oldComplete = options.complete;
+        options.complete = function(xhr, status) {
+            var context = options.context || this;
+            oldComplete.apply(context, [xhr, status, $form]);
+        };
+    }
+
+    // are there files to upload?
+
+    // [value] (issue #113), also see comment:
+    // https://github.com/malsup/form/commit/588306aedba1de01388032d5f42a60159eea9228#commitcomment-2180219
+    var fileInputs = $('input[type=file]:enabled', this).filter(function() { return $(this).val() !== ''; });
+
+    var hasFileInputs = fileInputs.length > 0;
+    var mp = 'multipart/form-data';
+    var multipart = ($form.attr('enctype') == mp || $form.attr('encoding') == mp);
+
+    var fileAPI = feature.fileapi && feature.formdata;
+    log("fileAPI :" + fileAPI);
+    var shouldUseFrame = (hasFileInputs || multipart) && !fileAPI;
+
+    var jqxhr;
+
+    // options.iframe allows user to force iframe mode
+    // 06-NOV-09: now defaulting to iframe mode if file input is detected
+    if (options.iframe !== false && (options.iframe || shouldUseFrame)) {
+        // hack to fix Safari hang (thanks to Tim Molendijk for this)
+        // see:  http://groups.google.com/group/jquery-dev/browse_thread/thread/36395b7ab510dd5d
+        if (options.closeKeepAlive) {
+            $.get(options.closeKeepAlive, function() {
+                jqxhr = fileUploadIframe(a);
+            });
+        }
+        else {
+            jqxhr = fileUploadIframe(a);
+        }
+    }
+    else if ((hasFileInputs || multipart) && fileAPI) {
+        jqxhr = fileUploadXhr(a);
+    }
+    else {
+        jqxhr = $.ajax(options);
+    }
+
+    $form.removeData('jqxhr').data('jqxhr', jqxhr);
+
+    // clear element array
+    for (var k=0; k < elements.length; k++) {
+        elements[k] = null;
+    }
+
+    // fire 'notify' event
+    this.trigger('form-submit-notify', [this, options]);
+    return this;
+
+    // utility fn for deep serialization
+    function deepSerialize(extraData){
+        var serialized = $.param(extraData, options.traditional).split('&');
+        var len = serialized.length;
+        var result = [];
+        var i, part;
+        for (i=0; i < len; i++) {
+            // #252; undo param space replacement
+            serialized[i] = serialized[i].replace(/\+/g,' ');
+            part = serialized[i].split('=');
+            // #278; use array instead of object storage, favoring array serializations
+            result.push([decodeURIComponent(part[0]), decodeURIComponent(part[1])]);
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+     // XMLHttpRequest Level 2 file uploads (big hat tip to francois2metz)
+    function fileUploadXhr(a) {
+        var formdata = new FormData();
+
+        for (var i=0; i < a.length; i++) {
+            formdata.append(a[i].name, a[i].value);
+        }
+
+        if (options.extraData) {
+            var serializedData = deepSerialize(options.extraData);
+            for (i=0; i < serializedData.length; i++) {
+                if (serializedData[i]) {
+                    formdata.append(serializedData[i][0], serializedData[i][1]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        options.data = null;
+
+        var s = $.extend(true, {}, $.ajaxSettings, options, {
+            contentType: false,
+            processData: false,
+            cache: false,
+            type: method || 'POST'
+        });
+
+        if (options.uploadProgress) {
+            // workaround because jqXHR does not expose upload property
+            s.xhr = function() {
+                var xhr = $.ajaxSettings.xhr();
+                if (xhr.upload) {
+                    xhr.upload.addEventListener('progress', function(event) {
+                        var percent = 0;
+                        var position = event.loaded || event.position; /*event.position is deprecated*/
+                        var total = event.total;
+                        if (event.lengthComputable) {
+                            percent = Math.ceil(position / total * 100);
+                        }
+                        options.uploadProgress(event, position, total, percent);
+                    }, false);
+                }
+                return xhr;
+            };
+        }
+
+        s.data = null;
+        var beforeSend = s.beforeSend;
+        s.beforeSend = function(xhr, o) {
+            //Send FormData() provided by user
+            if (options.formData) {
+                o.data = options.formData;
+            }
+            else {
+                o.data = formdata;
+            }
+            if(beforeSend) {
+                beforeSend.call(this, xhr, o);
+            }
+        };
+        return $.ajax(s);
+    }
+
+    // private function for handling file uploads (hat tip to YAHOO!)
+    function fileUploadIframe(a) {
+        var form = $form[0], el, i, s, g, id, $io, io, xhr, sub, n, timedOut, timeoutHandle;
+        var deferred = $.Deferred();
+
+        // #341
+        deferred.abort = function(status) {
+            xhr.abort(status);
+        };
+
+        if (a) {
+            // ensure that every serialized input is still enabled
+            for (i=0; i < elements.length; i++) {
+                el = $(elements[i]);
+                if ( hasProp ) {
+                    el.prop('disabled', false);
+                }
+                else {
+                    el.removeAttr('disabled');
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        s = $.extend(true, {}, $.ajaxSettings, options);
+        s.context = s.context || s;
+        id = 'jqFormIO' + (new Date().getTime());
+        if (s.iframeTarget) {
+            $io = $(s.iframeTarget);
+            n = $io.attr2('name');
+            if (!n) {
+                $io.attr2('name', id);
+            }
+            else {
+                id = n;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            $io = $('<iframe name="' + id + '" src="'+ s.iframeSrc +'" />');
+            $io.css({ position: 'absolute', top: '-1000px', left: '-1000px' });
+        }
+        io = $io[0];
+
+
+        xhr = { // mock object
+            aborted: 0,
+            responseText: null,
+            responseXML: null,
+            status: 0,
+            statusText: 'n/a',
+            getAllResponseHeaders: function() {},
+            getResponseHeader: function() {},
+            setRequestHeader: function() {},
+            abort: function(status) {
+                var e = (status === 'timeout' ? 'timeout' : 'aborted');
+                log('aborting upload... ' + e);
+                this.aborted = 1;
+
+                try { // #214, #257
+                    if (io.contentWindow.document.execCommand) {
+                        io.contentWindow.document.execCommand('Stop');
+                    }
+                }
+                catch(ignore) {}
+
+                $io.attr('src', s.iframeSrc); // abort op in progress
+                xhr.error = e;
+                if (s.error) {
+                    s.error.call(s.context, xhr, e, status);
+                }
+                if (g) {
+                    $.event.trigger("ajaxError", [xhr, s, e]);
+                }
+                if (s.complete) {
+                    s.complete.call(s.context, xhr, e);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        g = s.global;
+        // trigger ajax global events so that activity/block indicators work like normal
+        if (g && 0 === $.active++) {
+            $.event.trigger("ajaxStart");
+        }
+        if (g) {
+            $.event.trigger("ajaxSend", [xhr, s]);
+        }
+
+        if (s.beforeSend && s.beforeSend.call(s.context, xhr, s) === false) {
+            if (s.global) {
+                $.active--;
+            }
+            deferred.reject();
+            return deferred;
+        }
+        if (xhr.aborted) {
+            deferred.reject();
+            return deferred;
+        }
+
+        // add submitting element to data if we know it
+        sub = form.clk;
+        if (sub) {
+            n = sub.name;
+            if (n && !sub.disabled) {
+                s.extraData = s.extraData || {};
+                s.extraData[n] = sub.value;
+                if (sub.type == "image") {
+                    s.extraData[n+'.x'] = form.clk_x;
+                    s.extraData[n+'.y'] = form.clk_y;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        var CLIENT_TIMEOUT_ABORT = 1;
+        var SERVER_ABORT = 2;
+                
+        function getDoc(frame) {
+            /* it looks like contentWindow or contentDocument do not
+             * carry the protocol property in ie8, when running under ssl
+             * frame.document is the only valid response document, since
+             * the protocol is know but not on the other two objects. strange?
+             * "Same origin policy" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Same_origin_policy
+             */
+            
+            var doc = null;
+            
+            // IE8 cascading access check
+            try {
+                if (frame.contentWindow) {
+                    doc = frame.contentWindow.document;
+                }
+            } catch(err) {
+                // IE8 access denied under ssl & missing protocol
+                log('cannot get iframe.contentWindow document: ' + err);
+            }
+
+            if (doc) { // successful getting content
+                return doc;
+            }
+
+            try { // simply checking may throw in ie8 under ssl or mismatched protocol
+                doc = frame.contentDocument ? frame.contentDocument : frame.document;
+            } catch(err) {
+                // last attempt
+                log('cannot get iframe.contentDocument: ' + err);
+                doc = frame.document;
+            }
+            return doc;
+        }
+
+        // Rails CSRF hack (thanks to Yvan Barthelemy)
+        var csrf_token = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content');
+        var csrf_param = $('meta[name=csrf-param]').attr('content');
+        if (csrf_param && csrf_token) {
+            s.extraData = s.extraData || {};
+            s.extraData[csrf_param] = csrf_token;
+        }
+
+        // take a breath so that pending repaints get some cpu time before the upload starts
+        function doSubmit() {
+            // make sure form attrs are set
+            var t = $form.attr2('target'), 
+                a = $form.attr2('action'), 
+                mp = 'multipart/form-data',
+                et = $form.attr('enctype') || $form.attr('encoding') || mp;
+
+            // update form attrs in IE friendly way
+            form.setAttribute('target',id);
+            if (!method || /post/i.test(method) ) {
+                form.setAttribute('method', 'POST');
+            }
+            if (a != s.url) {
+                form.setAttribute('action', s.url);
+            }
+
+            // ie borks in some cases when setting encoding
+            if (! s.skipEncodingOverride && (!method || /post/i.test(method))) {
+                $form.attr({
+                    encoding: 'multipart/form-data',
+                    enctype:  'multipart/form-data'
+                });
+            }
+
+            // support timout
+            if (s.timeout) {
+                timeoutHandle = setTimeout(function() { timedOut = true; cb(CLIENT_TIMEOUT_ABORT); }, s.timeout);
+            }
+
+            // look for server aborts
+            function checkState() {
+                try {
+                    var state = getDoc(io).readyState;
+                    log('state = ' + state);
+                    if (state && state.toLowerCase() == 'uninitialized') {
+                        setTimeout(checkState,50);
+                    }
+                }
+                catch(e) {
+                    log('Server abort: ' , e, ' (', e.name, ')');
+                    cb(SERVER_ABORT);
+                    if (timeoutHandle) {
+                        clearTimeout(timeoutHandle);
+                    }
+                    timeoutHandle = undefined;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add "extra" data to form if provided in options
+            var extraInputs = [];
+            try {
+                if (s.extraData) {
+                    for (var n in s.extraData) {
+                        if (s.extraData.hasOwnProperty(n)) {
+                           // if using the $.param format that allows for multiple values with the same name
+                           if($.isPlainObject(s.extraData[n]) && s.extraData[n].hasOwnProperty('name') && s.extraData[n].hasOwnProperty('value')) {
+                               extraInputs.push(
+                               $('<input type="hidden" name="'+s.extraData[n].name+'">').val(s.extraData[n].value)
+                                   .appendTo(form)[0]);
+                           } else {
+                               extraInputs.push(
+                               $('<input type="hidden" name="'+n+'">').val(s.extraData[n])
+                                   .appendTo(form)[0]);
+                           }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!s.iframeTarget) {
+                    // add iframe to doc and submit the form
+                    $io.appendTo('body');
+                }
+                if (io.attachEvent) {
+                    io.attachEvent('onload', cb);
+                }
+                else {
+                    io.addEventListener('load', cb, false);
+                }
+                setTimeout(checkState,15);
+
+                try {
+                    form.submit();
+                } catch(err) {
+                    // just in case form has element with name/id of 'submit'
+                    var submitFn = document.createElement('form').submit;
+                    submitFn.apply(form);
+                }
+            }
+            finally {
+                // reset attrs and remove "extra" input elements
+                form.setAttribute('action',a);
+                form.setAttribute('enctype', et); // #380
+                if(t) {
+                    form.setAttribute('target', t);
+                } else {
+                    $form.removeAttr('target');
+                }
+                $(extraInputs).remove();
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (s.forceSync) {
+            doSubmit();
+        }
+        else {
+            setTimeout(doSubmit, 10); // this lets dom updates render
+        }
+
+        var data, doc, domCheckCount = 50, callbackProcessed;
+
+        function cb(e) {
+            if (xhr.aborted || callbackProcessed) {
+                return;
+            }
+            
+            doc = getDoc(io);
+            if(!doc) {
+                log('cannot access response document');
+                e = SERVER_ABORT;
+            }
+            if (e === CLIENT_TIMEOUT_ABORT && xhr) {
+                xhr.abort('timeout');
+                deferred.reject(xhr, 'timeout');
+                return;
+            }
+            else if (e == SERVER_ABORT && xhr) {
+                xhr.abort('server abort');
+                deferred.reject(xhr, 'error', 'server abort');
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (!doc || doc.location.href == s.iframeSrc) {
+                // response not received yet
+                if (!timedOut) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            if (io.detachEvent) {
+                io.detachEvent('onload', cb);
+            }
+            else {
+                io.removeEventListener('load', cb, false);
+            }
+
+            var status = 'success', errMsg;
+            try {
+                if (timedOut) {
+                    throw 'timeout';
+                }
+
+                var isXml = s.dataType == 'xml' || doc.XMLDocument || $.isXMLDoc(doc);
+                log('isXml='+isXml);
+                if (!isXml && window.opera && (doc.body === null || !doc.body.innerHTML)) {
+                    if (--domCheckCount) {
+                        // in some browsers (Opera) the iframe DOM is not always traversable when
+                        // the onload callback fires, so we loop a bit to accommodate
+                        log('requeing onLoad callback, DOM not available');
+                        setTimeout(cb, 250);
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    // let this fall through because server response could be an empty document
+                    //log('Could not access iframe DOM after mutiple tries.');
+                    //throw 'DOMException: not available';
+                }
+
+                //log('response detected');
+                var docRoot = doc.body ? doc.body : doc.documentElement;
+                xhr.responseText = docRoot ? docRoot.innerHTML : null;
+                xhr.responseXML = doc.XMLDocument ? doc.XMLDocument : doc;
+                if (isXml) {
+                    s.dataType = 'xml';
+                }
+                xhr.getResponseHeader = function(header){
+                    var headers = {'content-type': s.dataType};
+                    return headers[header.toLowerCase()];
+                };
+                // support for XHR 'status' & 'statusText' emulation :
+                if (docRoot) {
+                    xhr.status = Number( docRoot.getAttribute('status') ) || xhr.status;
+                    xhr.statusText = docRoot.getAttribute('statusText') || xhr.statusText;
+                }
+
+                var dt = (s.dataType || '').toLowerCase();
+                var scr = /(json|script|text)/.test(dt);
+                if (scr || s.textarea) {
+                    // see if user embedded response in textarea
+                    var ta = doc.getElementsByTagName('textarea')[0];
+                    if (ta) {
+                        xhr.responseText = ta.value;
+                        // support for XHR 'status' & 'statusText' emulation :
+                        xhr.status = Number( ta.getAttribute('status') ) || xhr.status;
+                        xhr.statusText = ta.getAttribute('statusText') || xhr.statusText;
+                    }
+                    else if (scr) {
+                        // account for browsers injecting pre around json response
+                        var pre = doc.getElementsByTagName('pre')[0];
+                        var b = doc.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];
+                        if (pre) {
+                            xhr.responseText = pre.textContent ? pre.textContent : pre.innerText;
+                        }
+                        else if (b) {
+                            xhr.responseText = b.textContent ? b.textContent : b.innerText;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (dt == 'xml' && !xhr.responseXML && xhr.responseText) {
+                    xhr.responseXML = toXml(xhr.responseText);
+                }
+
+                try {
+                    data = httpData(xhr, dt, s);
+                }
+                catch (err) {
+                    status = 'parsererror';
+                    xhr.error = errMsg = (err || status);
+                }
+            }
+            catch (err) {
+                log('error caught: ',err);
+                status = 'error';
+                xhr.error = errMsg = (err || status);
+            }
+
+            if (xhr.aborted) {
+                log('upload aborted');
+                status = null;
+            }
+
+            if (xhr.status) { // we've set xhr.status
+                status = (xhr.status >= 200 && xhr.status < 300 || xhr.status === 304) ? 'success' : 'error';
+            }
+
+            // ordering of these callbacks/triggers is odd, but that's how $.ajax does it
+            if (status === 'success') {
+                if (s.success) {
+                    s.success.call(s.context, data, 'success', xhr);
+                }
+                deferred.resolve(xhr.responseText, 'success', xhr);
+                if (g) {
+                    $.event.trigger("ajaxSuccess", [xhr, s]);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (status) {
+                if (errMsg === undefined) {
+                    errMsg = xhr.statusText;
+                }
+                if (s.error) {
+                    s.error.call(s.context, xhr, status, errMsg);
+                }
+                deferred.reject(xhr, 'error', errMsg);
+                if (g) {
+                    $.event.trigger("ajaxError", [xhr, s, errMsg]);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (g) {
+                $.event.trigger("ajaxComplete", [xhr, s]);
+            }
+
+            if (g && ! --$.active) {
+                $.event.trigger("ajaxStop");
+            }
+
+            if (s.complete) {
+                s.complete.call(s.context, xhr, status);
+            }
+
+            callbackProcessed = true;
+            if (s.timeout) {
+                clearTimeout(timeoutHandle);
+            }
+
+            // clean up
+            setTimeout(function() {
+                if (!s.iframeTarget) {
+                    $io.remove();
+                }
+                else { //adding else to clean up existing iframe response.
+                    $io.attr('src', s.iframeSrc);
+                }
+                xhr.responseXML = null;
+            }, 100);
+        }
+
+        var toXml = $.parseXML || function(s, doc) { // use parseXML if available (jQuery 1.5+)
+            if (window.ActiveXObject) {
+                doc = new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLDOM');
+                doc.async = 'false';
+                doc.loadXML(s);
+            }
+            else {
+                doc = (new DOMParser()).parseFromString(s, 'text/xml');
+            }
+            return (doc && doc.documentElement && doc.documentElement.nodeName != 'parsererror') ? doc : null;
+        };
+        var parseJSON = $.parseJSON || function(s) {
+            /*jslint evil:true */
+            return window['eval']('(' + s + ')');
+        };
+
+        var httpData = function( xhr, type, s ) { // mostly lifted from jq1.4.4
+
+            var ct = xhr.getResponseHeader('content-type') || '',
+                xml = type === 'xml' || !type && ct.indexOf('xml') >= 0,
+                data = xml ? xhr.responseXML : xhr.responseText;
+
+            if (xml && data.documentElement.nodeName === 'parsererror') {
+                if ($.error) {
+                    $.error('parsererror');
+                }
+            }
+            if (s && s.dataFilter) {
+                data = s.dataFilter(data, type);
+            }
+            if (typeof data === 'string') {
+                if (type === 'json' || !type && ct.indexOf('json') >= 0) {
+                    data = parseJSON(data);
+                } else if (type === "script" || !type && ct.indexOf("javascript") >= 0) {
+                    $.globalEval(data);
+                }
+            }
+            return data;
+        };
+
+        return deferred;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * ajaxForm() provides a mechanism for fully automating form submission.
+ *
+ * The advantages of using this method instead of ajaxSubmit() are:
+ *
+ * 1: This method will include coordinates for <input type="image" /> elements (if the element
+ *    is used to submit the form).
+ * 2. This method will include the submit element's name/value data (for the element that was
+ *    used to submit the form).
+ * 3. This method binds the submit() method to the form for you.
+ *
+ * The options argument for ajaxForm works exactly as it does for ajaxSubmit.  ajaxForm merely
+ * passes the options argument along after properly binding events for submit elements and
+ * the form itself.
+ */
+$.fn.ajaxForm = function(options) {
+    options = options || {};
+    options.delegation = options.delegation && $.isFunction($.fn.on);
+
+    // in jQuery 1.3+ we can fix mistakes with the ready state
+    if (!options.delegation && this.length === 0) {
+        var o = { s: this.selector, c: this.context };
+        if (!$.isReady && o.s) {
+            log('DOM not ready, queuing ajaxForm');
+            $(function() {
+                $(o.s,o.c).ajaxForm(options);
+            });
+            return this;
+        }
+        // is your DOM ready?  http://docs.jquery.com/Tutorials:Introducing_$(document).ready()
+        log('terminating; zero elements found by selector' + ($.isReady ? '' : ' (DOM not ready)'));
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    if ( options.delegation ) {
+        $(document)
+            .off('submit.form-plugin', this.selector, doAjaxSubmit)
+            .off('click.form-plugin', this.selector, captureSubmittingElement)
+            .on('submit.form-plugin', this.selector, options, doAjaxSubmit)
+            .on('click.form-plugin', this.selector, options, captureSubmittingElement);
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    return this.ajaxFormUnbind()
+        .bind('submit.form-plugin', options, doAjaxSubmit)
+        .bind('click.form-plugin', options, captureSubmittingElement);
+};
+
+// private event handlers
+function doAjaxSubmit(e) {
+    /*jshint validthis:true */
+    var options = e.data;
+    if (!e.isDefaultPrevented()) { // if event has been canceled, don't proceed
+        e.preventDefault();
+        $(e.target).ajaxSubmit(options); // #365
+    }
+}
+
+function captureSubmittingElement(e) {
+    /*jshint validthis:true */
+    var target = e.target;
+    var $el = $(target);
+    if (!($el.is("[type=submit],[type=image]"))) {
+        // is this a child element of the submit el?  (ex: a span within a button)
+        var t = $el.closest('[type=submit]');
+        if (t.length === 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+        target = t[0];
+    }
+    var form = this;
+    form.clk = target;
+    if (target.type == 'image') {
+        if (e.offsetX !== undefined) {
+            form.clk_x = e.offsetX;
+            form.clk_y = e.offsetY;
+        } else if (typeof $.fn.offset == 'function') {
+            var offset = $el.offset();
+            form.clk_x = e.pageX - offset.left;
+            form.clk_y = e.pageY - offset.top;
+        } else {
+            form.clk_x = e.pageX - target.offsetLeft;
+            form.clk_y = e.pageY - target.offsetTop;
+        }
+    }
+    // clear form vars
+    setTimeout(function() { form.clk = form.clk_x = form.clk_y = null; }, 100);
+}
+
+
+// ajaxFormUnbind unbinds the event handlers that were bound by ajaxForm
+$.fn.ajaxFormUnbind = function() {
+    return this.unbind('submit.form-plugin click.form-plugin');
+};
+
+/**
+ * formToArray() gathers form element data into an array of objects that can
+ * be passed to any of the following ajax functions: $.get, $.post, or load.
+ * Each object in the array has both a 'name' and 'value' property.  An example of
+ * an array for a simple login form might be:
+ *
+ * [ { name: 'username', value: 'jresig' }, { name: 'password', value: 'secret' } ]
+ *
+ * It is this array that is passed to pre-submit callback functions provided to the
+ * ajaxSubmit() and ajaxForm() methods.
+ */
+$.fn.formToArray = function(semantic, elements) {
+    var a = [];
+    if (this.length === 0) {
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    var form = this[0];
+    var formId = this.attr('id');
+    var els = semantic ? form.getElementsByTagName('*') : form.elements;
+    var els2;
+
+    if (els && !/MSIE [678]/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { // #390
+        els = $(els).get();  // convert to standard array
+    }
+
+    // #386; account for inputs outside the form which use the 'form' attribute
+    if ( formId ) {
+        els2 = $(':input[form="' + formId + '"]').get(); // hat tip @thet
+        if ( els2.length ) {
+            els = (els || []).concat(els2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!els || !els.length) {
+        return a;
+    }
+
+    var i,j,n,v,el,max,jmax;
+    for(i=0, max=els.length; i < max; i++) {
+        el = els[i];
+        n = el.name;
+        if (!n || el.disabled) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (semantic && form.clk && el.type == "image") {
+            // handle image inputs on the fly when semantic == true
+            if(form.clk == el) {
+                a.push({name: n, value: $(el).val(), type: el.type });
+                a.push({name: n+'.x', value: form.clk_x}, {name: n+'.y', value: form.clk_y});
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        v = $.fieldValue(el, true);
+        if (v && v.constructor == Array) {
+            if (elements) {
+                elements.push(el);
+            }
+            for(j=0, jmax=v.length; j < jmax; j++) {
+                a.push({name: n, value: v[j]});
+            }
+        }
+        else if (feature.fileapi && el.type == 'file') {
+            if (elements) {
+                elements.push(el);
+            }
+            var files = el.files;
+            if (files.length) {
+                for (j=0; j < files.length; j++) {
+                    a.push({name: n, value: files[j], type: el.type});
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                // #180
+                a.push({ name: n, value: '', type: el.type });
+            }
+        }
+        else if (v !== null && typeof v != 'undefined') {
+            if (elements) {
+                elements.push(el);
+            }
+            a.push({name: n, value: v, type: el.type, required: el.required});
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!semantic && form.clk) {
+        // input type=='image' are not found in elements array! handle it here
+        var $input = $(form.clk), input = $input[0];
+        n = input.name;
+        if (n && !input.disabled && input.type == 'image') {
+            a.push({name: n, value: $input.val()});
+            a.push({name: n+'.x', value: form.clk_x}, {name: n+'.y', value: form.clk_y});
+        }
+    }
+    return a;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Serializes form data into a 'submittable' string. This method will return a string
+ * in the format: name1=value1&amp;name2=value2
+ */
+$.fn.formSerialize = function(semantic) {
+    //hand off to jQuery.param for proper encoding
+    return $.param(this.formToArray(semantic));
+};
+
+/**
+ * Serializes all field elements in the jQuery object into a query string.
+ * This method will return a string in the format: name1=value1&amp;name2=value2
+ */
+$.fn.fieldSerialize = function(successful) {
+    var a = [];
+    this.each(function() {
+        var n = this.name;
+        if (!n) {
+            return;
+        }
+        var v = $.fieldValue(this, successful);
+        if (v && v.constructor == Array) {
+            for (var i=0,max=v.length; i < max; i++) {
+                a.push({name: n, value: v[i]});
+            }
+        }
+        else if (v !== null && typeof v != 'undefined') {
+            a.push({name: this.name, value: v});
+        }
+    });
+    //hand off to jQuery.param for proper encoding
+    return $.param(a);
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the value(s) of the element in the matched set.  For example, consider the following form:
+ *
+ *  <form><fieldset>
+ *      <input name="A" type="text" />
+ *      <input name="A" type="text" />
+ *      <input name="B" type="checkbox" value="B1" />
+ *      <input name="B" type="checkbox" value="B2"/>
+ *      <input name="C" type="radio" value="C1" />
+ *      <input name="C" type="radio" value="C2" />
+ *  </fieldset></form>
+ *
+ *  var v = $('input[type=text]').fieldValue();
+ *  // if no values are entered into the text inputs
+ *  v == ['','']
+ *  // if values entered into the text inputs are 'foo' and 'bar'
+ *  v == ['foo','bar']
+ *
+ *  var v = $('input[type=checkbox]').fieldValue();
+ *  // if neither checkbox is checked
+ *  v === undefined
+ *  // if both checkboxes are checked
+ *  v == ['B1', 'B2']
+ *
+ *  var v = $('input[type=radio]').fieldValue();
+ *  // if neither radio is checked
+ *  v === undefined
+ *  // if first radio is checked
+ *  v == ['C1']
+ *
+ * The successful argument controls whether or not the field element must be 'successful'
+ * (per http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/interact/forms.html#successful-controls).
+ * The default value of the successful argument is true.  If this value is false the value(s)
+ * for each element is returned.
+ *
+ * Note: This method *always* returns an array.  If no valid value can be determined the
+ *    array will be empty, otherwise it will contain one or more values.
+ */
+$.fn.fieldValue = function(successful) {
+    for (var val=[], i=0, max=this.length; i < max; i++) {
+        var el = this[i];
+        var v = $.fieldValue(el, successful);
+        if (v === null || typeof v == 'undefined' || (v.constructor == Array && !v.length)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (v.constructor == Array) {
+            $.merge(val, v);
+        }
+        else {
+            val.push(v);
+        }
+    }
+    return val;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Returns the value of the field element.
+ */
+$.fieldValue = function(el, successful) {
+    var n = el.name, t = el.type, tag = el.tagName.toLowerCase();
+    if (successful === undefined) {
+        successful = true;
+    }
+
+    if (successful && (!n || el.disabled || t == 'reset' || t == 'button' ||
+        (t == 'checkbox' || t == 'radio') && !el.checked ||
+        (t == 'submit' || t == 'image') && el.form && el.form.clk != el ||
+        tag == 'select' && el.selectedIndex == -1)) {
+            return null;
+    }
+
+    if (tag == 'select') {
+        var index = el.selectedIndex;
+        if (index < 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        var a = [], ops = el.options;
+        var one = (t == 'select-one');
+        var max = (one ? index+1 : ops.length);
+        for(var i=(one ? index : 0); i < max; i++) {
+            var op = ops[i];
+            if (op.selected) {
+                var v = op.value;
+                if (!v) { // extra pain for IE...
+                    v = (op.attributes && op.attributes.value && !(op.attributes.value.specified)) ? op.text : op.value;
+                }
+                if (one) {
+                    return v;
+                }
+                a.push(v);
+            }
+        }
+        return a;
+    }
+    return $(el).val();
+};
+
+/**
+ * Clears the form data.  Takes the following actions on the form's input fields:
+ *  - input text fields will have their 'value' property set to the empty string
+ *  - select elements will have their 'selectedIndex' property set to -1
+ *  - checkbox and radio inputs will have their 'checked' property set to false
+ *  - inputs of type submit, button, reset, and hidden will *not* be effected
+ *  - button elements will *not* be effected
+ */
+$.fn.clearForm = function(includeHidden) {
+    return this.each(function() {
+        $('input,select,textarea', this).clearFields(includeHidden);
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Clears the selected form elements.
+ */
+$.fn.clearFields = $.fn.clearInputs = function(includeHidden) {
+    var re = /^(?:color|date|datetime|email|month|number|password|range|search|tel|text|time|url|week)$/i; // 'hidden' is not in this list
+    return this.each(function() {
+        var t = this.type, tag = this.tagName.toLowerCase();
+        if (re.test(t) || tag == 'textarea') {
+            this.value = '';
+        }
+        else if (t == 'checkbox' || t == 'radio') {
+            this.checked = false;
+        }
+        else if (tag == 'select') {
+            this.selectedIndex = -1;
+        }
+        else if (t == "file") {
+            if (/MSIE/.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
+                $(this).replaceWith($(this).clone(true));
+            } else {
+                $(this).val('');
+            }
+        }
+        else if (includeHidden) {
+            // includeHidden can be the value true, or it can be a selector string
+            // indicating a special test; for example:
+            //  $('#myForm').clearForm('.special:hidden')
+            // the above would clean hidden inputs that have the class of 'special'
+            if ( (includeHidden === true && /hidden/.test(t)) ||
+                 (typeof includeHidden == 'string' && $(this).is(includeHidden)) ) {
+                this.value = '';
+            }
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Resets the form data.  Causes all form elements to be reset to their original value.
+ */
+$.fn.resetForm = function() {
+    return this.each(function() {
+        // guard against an input with the name of 'reset'
+        // note that IE reports the reset function as an 'object'
+        if (typeof this.reset == 'function' || (typeof this.reset == 'object' && !this.reset.nodeType)) {
+            this.reset();
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Enables or disables any matching elements.
+ */
+$.fn.enable = function(b) {
+    if (b === undefined) {
+        b = true;
+    }
+    return this.each(function() {
+        this.disabled = !b;
+    });
+};
+
+/**
+ * Checks/unchecks any matching checkboxes or radio buttons and
+ * selects/deselects and matching option elements.
+ */
+$.fn.selected = function(select) {
+    if (select === undefined) {
+        select = true;
+    }
+    return this.each(function() {
+        var t = this.type;
+        if (t == 'checkbox' || t == 'radio') {
+            this.checked = select;
+        }
+        else if (this.tagName.toLowerCase() == 'option') {
+            var $sel = $(this).parent('select');
+            if (select && $sel[0] && $sel[0].type == 'select-one') {
+                // deselect all other options
+                $sel.find('option').selected(false);
+            }
+            this.selected = select;
+        }
+    });
+};
+
+// expose debug var
+$.fn.ajaxSubmit.debug = false;
+
+// helper fn for console logging
+function log() {
+    if (!$.fn.ajaxSubmit.debug) {
+        return;
+    }
+    var msg = '[jquery.form] ' + Array.prototype.join.call(arguments,'');
+    if (window.console && window.console.log) {
+        window.console.log(msg);
+    }
+    else if (window.opera && window.opera.postError) {
+        window.opera.postError(msg);
+    }
+}
+
+}));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..02a1d2cee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2083 @@
+/** vim: et:ts=4:sw=4:sts=4
+ * @license RequireJS 2.1.16 Copyright (c) 2010-2015, The Dojo Foundation All Rights Reserved.
+ * Available via the MIT or new BSD license.
+ * see: http://github.com/jrburke/requirejs for details
+ */
+//Not using strict: uneven strict support in browsers, #392, and causes
+//problems with requirejs.exec()/transpiler plugins that may not be strict.
+/*jslint regexp: true, nomen: true, sloppy: true */
+/*global window, navigator, document, importScripts, setTimeout, opera */
+
+var requirejs, require, define;
+(function (global) {
+    var req, s, head, baseElement, dataMain, src,
+        interactiveScript, currentlyAddingScript, mainScript, subPath,
+        version = '2.1.16',
+        commentRegExp = /(\/\*([\s\S]*?)\*\/|([^:]|^)\/\/(.*)$)/mg,
+        cjsRequireRegExp = /[^.]\s*require\s*\(\s*["']([^'"\s]+)["']\s*\)/g,
+        jsSuffixRegExp = /\.js$/,
+        currDirRegExp = /^\.\//,
+        op = Object.prototype,
+        ostring = op.toString,
+        hasOwn = op.hasOwnProperty,
+        ap = Array.prototype,
+        apsp = ap.splice,
+        isBrowser = !!(typeof window !== 'undefined' && typeof navigator !== 'undefined' && window.document),
+        isWebWorker = !isBrowser && typeof importScripts !== 'undefined',
+        //PS3 indicates loaded and complete, but need to wait for complete
+        //specifically. Sequence is 'loading', 'loaded', execution,
+        // then 'complete'. The UA check is unfortunate, but not sure how
+        //to feature test w/o causing perf issues.
+        readyRegExp = isBrowser && navigator.platform === 'PLAYSTATION 3' ?
+                      /^complete$/ : /^(complete|loaded)$/,
+        defContextName = '_',
+        //Oh the tragedy, detecting opera. See the usage of isOpera for reason.
+        isOpera = typeof opera !== 'undefined' && opera.toString() === '[object Opera]',
+        contexts = {},
+        cfg = {},
+        globalDefQueue = [],
+        useInteractive = false;
+
+    function isFunction(it) {
+        return ostring.call(it) === '[object Function]';
+    }
+
+    function isArray(it) {
+        return ostring.call(it) === '[object Array]';
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for iterating over an array. If the func returns
+     * a true value, it will break out of the loop.
+     */
+    function each(ary, func) {
+        if (ary) {
+            var i;
+            for (i = 0; i < ary.length; i += 1) {
+                if (ary[i] && func(ary[i], i, ary)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for iterating over an array backwards. If the func
+     * returns a true value, it will break out of the loop.
+     */
+    function eachReverse(ary, func) {
+        if (ary) {
+            var i;
+            for (i = ary.length - 1; i > -1; i -= 1) {
+                if (ary[i] && func(ary[i], i, ary)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    function hasProp(obj, prop) {
+        return hasOwn.call(obj, prop);
+    }
+
+    function getOwn(obj, prop) {
+        return hasProp(obj, prop) && obj[prop];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cycles over properties in an object and calls a function for each
+     * property value. If the function returns a truthy value, then the
+     * iteration is stopped.
+     */
+    function eachProp(obj, func) {
+        var prop;
+        for (prop in obj) {
+            if (hasProp(obj, prop)) {
+                if (func(obj[prop], prop)) {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Simple function to mix in properties from source into target,
+     * but only if target does not already have a property of the same name.
+     */
+    function mixin(target, source, force, deepStringMixin) {
+        if (source) {
+            eachProp(source, function (value, prop) {
+                if (force || !hasProp(target, prop)) {
+                    if (deepStringMixin && typeof value === 'object' && value &&
+                        !isArray(value) && !isFunction(value) &&
+                        !(value instanceof RegExp)) {
+
+                        if (!target[prop]) {
+                            target[prop] = {};
+                        }
+                        mixin(target[prop], value, force, deepStringMixin);
+                    } else {
+                        target[prop] = value;
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+        }
+        return target;
+    }
+
+    //Similar to Function.prototype.bind, but the 'this' object is specified
+    //first, since it is easier to read/figure out what 'this' will be.
+    function bind(obj, fn) {
+        return function () {
+            return fn.apply(obj, arguments);
+        };
+    }
+
+    function scripts() {
+        return document.getElementsByTagName('script');
+    }
+
+    function defaultOnError(err) {
+        throw err;
+    }
+
+    //Allow getting a global that is expressed in
+    //dot notation, like 'a.b.c'.
+    function getGlobal(value) {
+        if (!value) {
+            return value;
+        }
+        var g = global;
+        each(value.split('.'), function (part) {
+            g = g[part];
+        });
+        return g;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs an error with a pointer to an URL with more information.
+     * @param {String} id the error ID that maps to an ID on a web page.
+     * @param {String} message human readable error.
+     * @param {Error} [err] the original error, if there is one.
+     *
+     * @returns {Error}
+     */
+    function makeError(id, msg, err, requireModules) {
+        var e = new Error(msg + '\nhttp://requirejs.org/docs/errors.html#' + id);
+        e.requireType = id;
+        e.requireModules = requireModules;
+        if (err) {
+            e.originalError = err;
+        }
+        return e;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof define !== 'undefined') {
+        //If a define is already in play via another AMD loader,
+        //do not overwrite.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (typeof requirejs !== 'undefined') {
+        if (isFunction(requirejs)) {
+            //Do not overwrite an existing requirejs instance.
+            return;
+        }
+        cfg = requirejs;
+        requirejs = undefined;
+    }
+
+    //Allow for a require config object
+    if (typeof require !== 'undefined' && !isFunction(require)) {
+        //assume it is a config object.
+        cfg = require;
+        require = undefined;
+    }
+
+    function newContext(contextName) {
+        var inCheckLoaded, Module, context, handlers,
+            checkLoadedTimeoutId,
+            config = {
+                //Defaults. Do not set a default for map
+                //config to speed up normalize(), which
+                //will run faster if there is no default.
+                waitSeconds: 7,
+                baseUrl: './',
+                paths: {},
+                bundles: {},
+                pkgs: {},
+                shim: {},
+                config: {}
+            },
+            registry = {},
+            //registry of just enabled modules, to speed
+            //cycle breaking code when lots of modules
+            //are registered, but not activated.
+            enabledRegistry = {},
+            undefEvents = {},
+            defQueue = [],
+            defined = {},
+            urlFetched = {},
+            bundlesMap = {},
+            requireCounter = 1,
+            unnormalizedCounter = 1;
+
+        /**
+         * Trims the . and .. from an array of path segments.
+         * It will keep a leading path segment if a .. will become
+         * the first path segment, to help with module name lookups,
+         * which act like paths, but can be remapped. But the end result,
+         * all paths that use this function should look normalized.
+         * NOTE: this method MODIFIES the input array.
+         * @param {Array} ary the array of path segments.
+         */
+        function trimDots(ary) {
+            var i, part;
+            for (i = 0; i < ary.length; i++) {
+                part = ary[i];
+                if (part === '.') {
+                    ary.splice(i, 1);
+                    i -= 1;
+                } else if (part === '..') {
+                    // If at the start, or previous value is still ..,
+                    // keep them so that when converted to a path it may
+                    // still work when converted to a path, even though
+                    // as an ID it is less than ideal. In larger point
+                    // releases, may be better to just kick out an error.
+                    if (i === 0 || (i == 1 && ary[2] === '..') || ary[i - 1] === '..') {
+                        continue;
+                    } else if (i > 0) {
+                        ary.splice(i - 1, 2);
+                        i -= 2;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Given a relative module name, like ./something, normalize it to
+         * a real name that can be mapped to a path.
+         * @param {String} name the relative name
+         * @param {String} baseName a real name that the name arg is relative
+         * to.
+         * @param {Boolean} applyMap apply the map config to the value. Should
+         * only be done if this normalization is for a dependency ID.
+         * @returns {String} normalized name
+         */
+        function normalize(name, baseName, applyMap) {
+            var pkgMain, mapValue, nameParts, i, j, nameSegment, lastIndex,
+                foundMap, foundI, foundStarMap, starI, normalizedBaseParts,
+                baseParts = (baseName && baseName.split('/')),
+                map = config.map,
+                starMap = map && map['*'];
+
+            //Adjust any relative paths.
+            if (name) {
+                name = name.split('/');
+                lastIndex = name.length - 1;
+
+                // If wanting node ID compatibility, strip .js from end
+                // of IDs. Have to do this here, and not in nameToUrl
+                // because node allows either .js or non .js to map
+                // to same file.
+                if (config.nodeIdCompat && jsSuffixRegExp.test(name[lastIndex])) {
+                    name[lastIndex] = name[lastIndex].replace(jsSuffixRegExp, '');
+                }
+
+                // Starts with a '.' so need the baseName
+                if (name[0].charAt(0) === '.' && baseParts) {
+                    //Convert baseName to array, and lop off the last part,
+                    //so that . matches that 'directory' and not name of the baseName's
+                    //module. For instance, baseName of 'one/two/three', maps to
+                    //'one/two/three.js', but we want the directory, 'one/two' for
+                    //this normalization.
+                    normalizedBaseParts = baseParts.slice(0, baseParts.length - 1);
+                    name = normalizedBaseParts.concat(name);
+                }
+
+                trimDots(name);
+                name = name.join('/');
+            }
+
+            //Apply map config if available.
+            if (applyMap && map && (baseParts || starMap)) {
+                nameParts = name.split('/');
+
+                outerLoop: for (i = nameParts.length; i > 0; i -= 1) {
+                    nameSegment = nameParts.slice(0, i).join('/');
+
+                    if (baseParts) {
+                        //Find the longest baseName segment match in the config.
+                        //So, do joins on the biggest to smallest lengths of baseParts.
+                        for (j = baseParts.length; j > 0; j -= 1) {
+                            mapValue = getOwn(map, baseParts.slice(0, j).join('/'));
+
+                            //baseName segment has config, find if it has one for
+                            //this name.
+                            if (mapValue) {
+                                mapValue = getOwn(mapValue, nameSegment);
+                                if (mapValue) {
+                                    //Match, update name to the new value.
+                                    foundMap = mapValue;
+                                    foundI = i;
+                                    break outerLoop;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    //Check for a star map match, but just hold on to it,
+                    //if there is a shorter segment match later in a matching
+                    //config, then favor over this star map.
+                    if (!foundStarMap && starMap && getOwn(starMap, nameSegment)) {
+                        foundStarMap = getOwn(starMap, nameSegment);
+                        starI = i;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (!foundMap && foundStarMap) {
+                    foundMap = foundStarMap;
+                    foundI = starI;
+                }
+
+                if (foundMap) {
+                    nameParts.splice(0, foundI, foundMap);
+                    name = nameParts.join('/');
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If the name points to a package's name, use
+            // the package main instead.
+            pkgMain = getOwn(config.pkgs, name);
+
+            return pkgMain ? pkgMain : name;
+        }
+
+        function removeScript(name) {
+            if (isBrowser) {
+                each(scripts(), function (scriptNode) {
+                    if (scriptNode.getAttribute('data-requiremodule') === name &&
+                            scriptNode.getAttribute('data-requirecontext') === context.contextName) {
+                        scriptNode.parentNode.removeChild(scriptNode);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        function hasPathFallback(id) {
+            var pathConfig = getOwn(config.paths, id);
+            if (pathConfig && isArray(pathConfig) && pathConfig.length > 1) {
+                //Pop off the first array value, since it failed, and
+                //retry
+                pathConfig.shift();
+                context.require.undef(id);
+
+                //Custom require that does not do map translation, since
+                //ID is "absolute", already mapped/resolved.
+                context.makeRequire(null, {
+                    skipMap: true
+                })([id]);
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Turns a plugin!resource to [plugin, resource]
+        //with the plugin being undefined if the name
+        //did not have a plugin prefix.
+        function splitPrefix(name) {
+            var prefix,
+                index = name ? name.indexOf('!') : -1;
+            if (index > -1) {
+                prefix = name.substring(0, index);
+                name = name.substring(index + 1, name.length);
+            }
+            return [prefix, name];
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Creates a module mapping that includes plugin prefix, module
+         * name, and path. If parentModuleMap is provided it will
+         * also normalize the name via require.normalize()
+         *
+         * @param {String} name the module name
+         * @param {String} [parentModuleMap] parent module map
+         * for the module name, used to resolve relative names.
+         * @param {Boolean} isNormalized: is the ID already normalized.
+         * This is true if this call is done for a define() module ID.
+         * @param {Boolean} applyMap: apply the map config to the ID.
+         * Should only be true if this map is for a dependency.
+         *
+         * @returns {Object}
+         */
+        function makeModuleMap(name, parentModuleMap, isNormalized, applyMap) {
+            var url, pluginModule, suffix, nameParts,
+                prefix = null,
+                parentName = parentModuleMap ? parentModuleMap.name : null,
+                originalName = name,
+                isDefine = true,
+                normalizedName = '';
+
+            //If no name, then it means it is a require call, generate an
+            //internal name.
+            if (!name) {
+                isDefine = false;
+                name = '_@r' + (requireCounter += 1);
+            }
+
+            nameParts = splitPrefix(name);
+            prefix = nameParts[0];
+            name = nameParts[1];
+
+            if (prefix) {
+                prefix = normalize(prefix, parentName, applyMap);
+                pluginModule = getOwn(defined, prefix);
+            }
+
+            //Account for relative paths if there is a base name.
+            if (name) {
+                if (prefix) {
+                    if (pluginModule && pluginModule.normalize) {
+                        //Plugin is loaded, use its normalize method.
+                        normalizedName = pluginModule.normalize(name, function (name) {
+                            return normalize(name, parentName, applyMap);
+                        });
+                    } else {
+                        // If nested plugin references, then do not try to
+                        // normalize, as it will not normalize correctly. This
+                        // places a restriction on resourceIds, and the longer
+                        // term solution is not to normalize until plugins are
+                        // loaded and all normalizations to allow for async
+                        // loading of a loader plugin. But for now, fixes the
+                        // common uses. Details in #1131
+                        normalizedName = name.indexOf('!') === -1 ?
+                                         normalize(name, parentName, applyMap) :
+                                         name;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    //A regular module.
+                    normalizedName = normalize(name, parentName, applyMap);
+
+                    //Normalized name may be a plugin ID due to map config
+                    //application in normalize. The map config values must
+                    //already be normalized, so do not need to redo that part.
+                    nameParts = splitPrefix(normalizedName);
+                    prefix = nameParts[0];
+                    normalizedName = nameParts[1];
+                    isNormalized = true;
+
+                    url = context.nameToUrl(normalizedName);
+                }
+            }
+
+            //If the id is a plugin id that cannot be determined if it needs
+            //normalization, stamp it with a unique ID so two matching relative
+            //ids that may conflict can be separate.
+            suffix = prefix && !pluginModule && !isNormalized ?
+                     '_unnormalized' + (unnormalizedCounter += 1) :
+                     '';
+
+            return {
+                prefix: prefix,
+                name: normalizedName,
+                parentMap: parentModuleMap,
+                unnormalized: !!suffix,
+                url: url,
+                originalName: originalName,
+                isDefine: isDefine,
+                id: (prefix ?
+                        prefix + '!' + normalizedName :
+                        normalizedName) + suffix
+            };
+        }
+
+        function getModule(depMap) {
+            var id = depMap.id,
+                mod = getOwn(registry, id);
+
+            if (!mod) {
+                mod = registry[id] = new context.Module(depMap);
+            }
+
+            return mod;
+        }
+
+        function on(depMap, name, fn) {
+            var id = depMap.id,
+                mod = getOwn(registry, id);
+
+            if (hasProp(defined, id) &&
+                    (!mod || mod.defineEmitComplete)) {
+                if (name === 'defined') {
+                    fn(defined[id]);
+                }
+            } else {
+                mod = getModule(depMap);
+                if (mod.error && name === 'error') {
+                    fn(mod.error);
+                } else {
+                    mod.on(name, fn);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        function onError(err, errback) {
+            var ids = err.requireModules,
+                notified = false;
+
+            if (errback) {
+                errback(err);
+            } else {
+                each(ids, function (id) {
+                    var mod = getOwn(registry, id);
+                    if (mod) {
+                        //Set error on module, so it skips timeout checks.
+                        mod.error = err;
+                        if (mod.events.error) {
+                            notified = true;
+                            mod.emit('error', err);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+
+                if (!notified) {
+                    req.onError(err);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Internal method to transfer globalQueue items to this context's
+         * defQueue.
+         */
+        function takeGlobalQueue() {
+            //Push all the globalDefQueue items into the context's defQueue
+            if (globalDefQueue.length) {
+                //Array splice in the values since the context code has a
+                //local var ref to defQueue, so cannot just reassign the one
+                //on context.
+                apsp.apply(defQueue,
+                           [defQueue.length, 0].concat(globalDefQueue));
+                globalDefQueue = [];
+            }
+        }
+
+        handlers = {
+            'require': function (mod) {
+                if (mod.require) {
+                    return mod.require;
+                } else {
+                    return (mod.require = context.makeRequire(mod.map));
+                }
+            },
+            'exports': function (mod) {
+                mod.usingExports = true;
+                if (mod.map.isDefine) {
+                    if (mod.exports) {
+                        return (defined[mod.map.id] = mod.exports);
+                    } else {
+                        return (mod.exports = defined[mod.map.id] = {});
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+            'module': function (mod) {
+                if (mod.module) {
+                    return mod.module;
+                } else {
+                    return (mod.module = {
+                        id: mod.map.id,
+                        uri: mod.map.url,
+                        config: function () {
+                            return  getOwn(config.config, mod.map.id) || {};
+                        },
+                        exports: mod.exports || (mod.exports = {})
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        function cleanRegistry(id) {
+            //Clean up machinery used for waiting modules.
+            delete registry[id];
+            delete enabledRegistry[id];
+        }
+
+        function breakCycle(mod, traced, processed) {
+            var id = mod.map.id;
+
+            if (mod.error) {
+                mod.emit('error', mod.error);
+            } else {
+                traced[id] = true;
+                each(mod.depMaps, function (depMap, i) {
+                    var depId = depMap.id,
+                        dep = getOwn(registry, depId);
+
+                    //Only force things that have not completed
+                    //being defined, so still in the registry,
+                    //and only if it has not been matched up
+                    //in the module already.
+                    if (dep && !mod.depMatched[i] && !processed[depId]) {
+                        if (getOwn(traced, depId)) {
+                            mod.defineDep(i, defined[depId]);
+                            mod.check(); //pass false?
+                        } else {
+                            breakCycle(dep, traced, processed);
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+                processed[id] = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        function checkLoaded() {
+            var err, usingPathFallback,
+                waitInterval = config.waitSeconds * 1000,
+                //It is possible to disable the wait interval by using waitSeconds of 0.
+                expired = waitInterval && (context.startTime + waitInterval) < new Date().getTime(),
+                noLoads = [],
+                reqCalls = [],
+                stillLoading = false,
+                needCycleCheck = true;
+
+            //Do not bother if this call was a result of a cycle break.
+            if (inCheckLoaded) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            inCheckLoaded = true;
+
+            //Figure out the state of all the modules.
+            eachProp(enabledRegistry, function (mod) {
+                var map = mod.map,
+                    modId = map.id;
+
+                //Skip things that are not enabled or in error state.
+                if (!mod.enabled) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                if (!map.isDefine) {
+                    reqCalls.push(mod);
+                }
+
+                if (!mod.error) {
+                    //If the module should be executed, and it has not
+                    //been inited and time is up, remember it.
+                    if (!mod.inited && expired) {
+                        if (hasPathFallback(modId)) {
+                            usingPathFallback = true;
+                            stillLoading = true;
+                        } else {
+                            noLoads.push(modId);
+                            removeScript(modId);
+                        }
+                    } else if (!mod.inited && mod.fetched && map.isDefine) {
+                        stillLoading = true;
+                        if (!map.prefix) {
+                            //No reason to keep looking for unfinished
+                            //loading. If the only stillLoading is a
+                            //plugin resource though, keep going,
+                            //because it may be that a plugin resource
+                            //is waiting on a non-plugin cycle.
+                            return (needCycleCheck = false);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            });
+
+            if (expired && noLoads.length) {
+                //If wait time expired, throw error of unloaded modules.
+                err = makeError('timeout', 'Load timeout for modules: ' + noLoads, null, noLoads);
+                err.contextName = context.contextName;
+                return onError(err);
+            }
+
+            //Not expired, check for a cycle.
+            if (needCycleCheck) {
+                each(reqCalls, function (mod) {
+                    breakCycle(mod, {}, {});
+                });
+            }
+
+            //If still waiting on loads, and the waiting load is something
+            //other than a plugin resource, or there are still outstanding
+            //scripts, then just try back later.
+            if ((!expired || usingPathFallback) && stillLoading) {
+                //Something is still waiting to load. Wait for it, but only
+                //if a timeout is not already in effect.
+                if ((isBrowser || isWebWorker) && !checkLoadedTimeoutId) {
+                    checkLoadedTimeoutId = setTimeout(function () {
+                        checkLoadedTimeoutId = 0;
+                        checkLoaded();
+                    }, 50);
+                }
+            }
+
+            inCheckLoaded = false;
+        }
+
+        Module = function (map) {
+            this.events = getOwn(undefEvents, map.id) || {};
+            this.map = map;
+            this.shim = getOwn(config.shim, map.id);
+            this.depExports = [];
+            this.depMaps = [];
+            this.depMatched = [];
+            this.pluginMaps = {};
+            this.depCount = 0;
+
+            /* this.exports this.factory
+               this.depMaps = [],
+               this.enabled, this.fetched
+            */
+        };
+
+        Module.prototype = {
+            init: function (depMaps, factory, errback, options) {
+                options = options || {};
+
+                //Do not do more inits if already done. Can happen if there
+                //are multiple define calls for the same module. That is not
+                //a normal, common case, but it is also not unexpected.
+                if (this.inited) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                this.factory = factory;
+
+                if (errback) {
+                    //Register for errors on this module.
+                    this.on('error', errback);
+                } else if (this.events.error) {
+                    //If no errback already, but there are error listeners
+                    //on this module, set up an errback to pass to the deps.
+                    errback = bind(this, function (err) {
+                        this.emit('error', err);
+                    });
+                }
+
+                //Do a copy of the dependency array, so that
+                //source inputs are not modified. For example
+                //"shim" deps are passed in here directly, and
+                //doing a direct modification of the depMaps array
+                //would affect that config.
+                this.depMaps = depMaps && depMaps.slice(0);
+
+                this.errback = errback;
+
+                //Indicate this module has be initialized
+                this.inited = true;
+
+                this.ignore = options.ignore;
+
+                //Could have option to init this module in enabled mode,
+                //or could have been previously marked as enabled. However,
+                //the dependencies are not known until init is called. So
+                //if enabled previously, now trigger dependencies as enabled.
+                if (options.enabled || this.enabled) {
+                    //Enable this module and dependencies.
+                    //Will call this.check()
+                    this.enable();
+                } else {
+                    this.check();
+                }
+            },
+
+            defineDep: function (i, depExports) {
+                //Because of cycles, defined callback for a given
+                //export can be called more than once.
+                if (!this.depMatched[i]) {
+                    this.depMatched[i] = true;
+                    this.depCount -= 1;
+                    this.depExports[i] = depExports;
+                }
+            },
+
+            fetch: function () {
+                if (this.fetched) {
+                    return;
+                }
+                this.fetched = true;
+
+                context.startTime = (new Date()).getTime();
+
+                var map = this.map;
+
+                //If the manager is for a plugin managed resource,
+                //ask the plugin to load it now.
+                if (this.shim) {
+                    context.makeRequire(this.map, {
+                        enableBuildCallback: true
+                    })(this.shim.deps || [], bind(this, function () {
+                        return map.prefix ? this.callPlugin() : this.load();
+                    }));
+                } else {
+                    //Regular dependency.
+                    return map.prefix ? this.callPlugin() : this.load();
+                }
+            },
+
+            load: function () {
+                var url = this.map.url;
+
+                //Regular dependency.
+                if (!urlFetched[url]) {
+                    urlFetched[url] = true;
+                    context.load(this.map.id, url);
+                }
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Checks if the module is ready to define itself, and if so,
+             * define it.
+             */
+            check: function () {
+                if (!this.enabled || this.enabling) {
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                var err, cjsModule,
+                    id = this.map.id,
+                    depExports = this.depExports,
+                    exports = this.exports,
+                    factory = this.factory;
+
+                if (!this.inited) {
+                    this.fetch();
+                } else if (this.error) {
+                    this.emit('error', this.error);
+                } else if (!this.defining) {
+                    //The factory could trigger another require call
+                    //that would result in checking this module to
+                    //define itself again. If already in the process
+                    //of doing that, skip this work.
+                    this.defining = true;
+
+                    if (this.depCount < 1 && !this.defined) {
+                        if (isFunction(factory)) {
+                            //If there is an error listener, favor passing
+                            //to that instead of throwing an error. However,
+                            //only do it for define()'d  modules. require
+                            //errbacks should not be called for failures in
+                            //their callbacks (#699). However if a global
+                            //onError is set, use that.
+                            if ((this.events.error && this.map.isDefine) ||
+                                req.onError !== defaultOnError) {
+                                try {
+                                    exports = context.execCb(id, factory, depExports, exports);
+                                } catch (e) {
+                                    err = e;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                exports = context.execCb(id, factory, depExports, exports);
+                            }
+
+                            // Favor return value over exports. If node/cjs in play,
+                            // then will not have a return value anyway. Favor
+                            // module.exports assignment over exports object.
+                            if (this.map.isDefine && exports === undefined) {
+                                cjsModule = this.module;
+                                if (cjsModule) {
+                                    exports = cjsModule.exports;
+                                } else if (this.usingExports) {
+                                    //exports already set the defined value.
+                                    exports = this.exports;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (err) {
+                                err.requireMap = this.map;
+                                err.requireModules = this.map.isDefine ? [this.map.id] : null;
+                                err.requireType = this.map.isDefine ? 'define' : 'require';
+                                return onError((this.error = err));
+                            }
+
+                        } else {
+                            //Just a literal value
+                            exports = factory;
+                        }
+
+                        this.exports = exports;
+
+                        if (this.map.isDefine && !this.ignore) {
+                            defined[id] = exports;
+
+                            if (req.onResourceLoad) {
+                                req.onResourceLoad(context, this.map, this.depMaps);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        //Clean up
+                        cleanRegistry(id);
+
+                        this.defined = true;
+                    }
+
+                    //Finished the define stage. Allow calling check again
+                    //to allow define notifications below in the case of a
+                    //cycle.
+                    this.defining = false;
+
+                    if (this.defined && !this.defineEmitted) {
+                        this.defineEmitted = true;
+                        this.emit('defined', this.exports);
+                        this.defineEmitComplete = true;
+                    }
+
+                }
+            },
+
+            callPlugin: function () {
+                var map = this.map,
+                    id = map.id,
+                    //Map already normalized the prefix.
+                    pluginMap = makeModuleMap(map.prefix);
+
+                //Mark this as a dependency for this plugin, so it
+                //can be traced for cycles.
+                this.depMaps.push(pluginMap);
+
+                on(pluginMap, 'defined', bind(this, function (plugin) {
+                    var load, normalizedMap, normalizedMod,
+                        bundleId = getOwn(bundlesMap, this.map.id),
+                        name = this.map.name,
+                        parentName = this.map.parentMap ? this.map.parentMap.name : null,
+                        localRequire = context.makeRequire(map.parentMap, {
+                            enableBuildCallback: true
+                        });
+
+                    //If current map is not normalized, wait for that
+                    //normalized name to load instead of continuing.
+                    if (this.map.unnormalized) {
+                        //Normalize the ID if the plugin allows it.
+                        if (plugin.normalize) {
+                            name = plugin.normalize(name, function (name) {
+                                return normalize(name, parentName, true);
+                            }) || '';
+                        }
+
+                        //prefix and name should already be normalized, no need
+                        //for applying map config again either.
+                        normalizedMap = makeModuleMap(map.prefix + '!' + name,
+                                                      this.map.parentMap);
+                        on(normalizedMap,
+                            'defined', bind(this, function (value) {
+                                this.init([], function () { return value; }, null, {
+                                    enabled: true,
+                                    ignore: true
+                                });
+                            }));
+
+                        normalizedMod = getOwn(registry, normalizedMap.id);
+                        if (normalizedMod) {
+                            //Mark this as a dependency for this plugin, so it
+                            //can be traced for cycles.
+                            this.depMaps.push(normalizedMap);
+
+                            if (this.events.error) {
+                                normalizedMod.on('error', bind(this, function (err) {
+                                    this.emit('error', err);
+                                }));
+                            }
+                            normalizedMod.enable();
+                        }
+
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    //If a paths config, then just load that file instead to
+                    //resolve the plugin, as it is built into that paths layer.
+                    if (bundleId) {
+                        this.map.url = context.nameToUrl(bundleId);
+                        this.load();
+                        return;
+                    }
+
+                    load = bind(this, function (value) {
+                        this.init([], function () { return value; }, null, {
+                            enabled: true
+                        });
+                    });
+
+                    load.error = bind(this, function (err) {
+                        this.inited = true;
+                        this.error = err;
+                        err.requireModules = [id];
+
+                        //Remove temp unnormalized modules for this module,
+                        //since they will never be resolved otherwise now.
+                        eachProp(registry, function (mod) {
+                            if (mod.map.id.indexOf(id + '_unnormalized') === 0) {
+                                cleanRegistry(mod.map.id);
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                        onError(err);
+                    });
+
+                    //Allow plugins to load other code without having to know the
+                    //context or how to 'complete' the load.
+                    load.fromText = bind(this, function (text, textAlt) {
+                        /*jslint evil: true */
+                        var moduleName = map.name,
+                            moduleMap = makeModuleMap(moduleName),
+                            hasInteractive = useInteractive;
+
+                        //As of 2.1.0, support just passing the text, to reinforce
+                        //fromText only being called once per resource. Still
+                        //support old style of passing moduleName but discard
+                        //that moduleName in favor of the internal ref.
+                        if (textAlt) {
+                            text = textAlt;
+                        }
+
+                        //Turn off interactive script matching for IE for any define
+                        //calls in the text, then turn it back on at the end.
+                        if (hasInteractive) {
+                            useInteractive = false;
+                        }
+
+                        //Prime the system by creating a module instance for
+                        //it.
+                        getModule(moduleMap);
+
+                        //Transfer any config to this other module.
+                        if (hasProp(config.config, id)) {
+                            config.config[moduleName] = config.config[id];
+                        }
+
+                        try {
+                            req.exec(text);
+                        } catch (e) {
+                            return onError(makeError('fromtexteval',
+                                             'fromText eval for ' + id +
+                                            ' failed: ' + e,
+                                             e,
+                                             [id]));
+                        }
+
+                        if (hasInteractive) {
+                            useInteractive = true;
+                        }
+
+                        //Mark this as a dependency for the plugin
+                        //resource
+                        this.depMaps.push(moduleMap);
+
+                        //Support anonymous modules.
+                        context.completeLoad(moduleName);
+
+                        //Bind the value of that module to the value for this
+                        //resource ID.
+                        localRequire([moduleName], load);
+                    });
+
+                    //Use parentName here since the plugin's name is not reliable,
+                    //could be some weird string with no path that actually wants to
+                    //reference the parentName's path.
+                    plugin.load(map.name, localRequire, load, config);
+                }));
+
+                context.enable(pluginMap, this);
+                this.pluginMaps[pluginMap.id] = pluginMap;
+            },
+
+            enable: function () {
+                enabledRegistry[this.map.id] = this;
+                this.enabled = true;
+
+                //Set flag mentioning that the module is enabling,
+                //so that immediate calls to the defined callbacks
+                //for dependencies do not trigger inadvertent load
+                //with the depCount still being zero.
+                this.enabling = true;
+
+                //Enable each dependency
+                each(this.depMaps, bind(this, function (depMap, i) {
+                    var id, mod, handler;
+
+                    if (typeof depMap === 'string') {
+                        //Dependency needs to be converted to a depMap
+                        //and wired up to this module.
+                        depMap = makeModuleMap(depMap,
+                                               (this.map.isDefine ? this.map : this.map.parentMap),
+                                               false,
+                                               !this.skipMap);
+                        this.depMaps[i] = depMap;
+
+                        handler = getOwn(handlers, depMap.id);
+
+                        if (handler) {
+                            this.depExports[i] = handler(this);
+                            return;
+                        }
+
+                        this.depCount += 1;
+
+                        on(depMap, 'defined', bind(this, function (depExports) {
+                            this.defineDep(i, depExports);
+                            this.check();
+                        }));
+
+                        if (this.errback) {
+                            on(depMap, 'error', bind(this, this.errback));
+                        } else if (this.events.error) {
+                            // No direct errback on this module, but something
+                            // else is listening for errors, so be sure to
+                            // propagate the error correctly.
+                            on(depMap, 'error', bind(this, function(err) {
+                                this.emit('error', err);
+                            }));
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    id = depMap.id;
+                    mod = registry[id];
+
+                    //Skip special modules like 'require', 'exports', 'module'
+                    //Also, don't call enable if it is already enabled,
+                    //important in circular dependency cases.
+                    if (!hasProp(handlers, id) && mod && !mod.enabled) {
+                        context.enable(depMap, this);
+                    }
+                }));
+
+                //Enable each plugin that is used in
+                //a dependency
+                eachProp(this.pluginMaps, bind(this, function (pluginMap) {
+                    var mod = getOwn(registry, pluginMap.id);
+                    if (mod && !mod.enabled) {
+                        context.enable(pluginMap, this);
+                    }
+                }));
+
+                this.enabling = false;
+
+                this.check();
+            },
+
+            on: function (name, cb) {
+                var cbs = this.events[name];
+                if (!cbs) {
+                    cbs = this.events[name] = [];
+                }
+                cbs.push(cb);
+            },
+
+            emit: function (name, evt) {
+                each(this.events[name], function (cb) {
+                    cb(evt);
+                });
+                if (name === 'error') {
+                    //Now that the error handler was triggered, remove
+                    //the listeners, since this broken Module instance
+                    //can stay around for a while in the registry.
+                    delete this.events[name];
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        function callGetModule(args) {
+            //Skip modules already defined.
+            if (!hasProp(defined, args[0])) {
+                getModule(makeModuleMap(args[0], null, true)).init(args[1], args[2]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        function removeListener(node, func, name, ieName) {
+            //Favor detachEvent because of IE9
+            //issue, see attachEvent/addEventListener comment elsewhere
+            //in this file.
+            if (node.detachEvent && !isOpera) {
+                //Probably IE. If not it will throw an error, which will be
+                //useful to know.
+                if (ieName) {
+                    node.detachEvent(ieName, func);
+                }
+            } else {
+                node.removeEventListener(name, func, false);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Given an event from a script node, get the requirejs info from it,
+         * and then removes the event listeners on the node.
+         * @param {Event} evt
+         * @returns {Object}
+         */
+        function getScriptData(evt) {
+            //Using currentTarget instead of target for Firefox 2.0's sake. Not
+            //all old browsers will be supported, but this one was easy enough
+            //to support and still makes sense.
+            var node = evt.currentTarget || evt.srcElement;
+
+            //Remove the listeners once here.
+            removeListener(node, context.onScriptLoad, 'load', 'onreadystatechange');
+            removeListener(node, context.onScriptError, 'error');
+
+            return {
+                node: node,
+                id: node && node.getAttribute('data-requiremodule')
+            };
+        }
+
+        function intakeDefines() {
+            var args;
+
+            //Any defined modules in the global queue, intake them now.
+            takeGlobalQueue();
+
+            //Make sure any remaining defQueue items get properly processed.
+            while (defQueue.length) {
+                args = defQueue.shift();
+                if (args[0] === null) {
+                    return onError(makeError('mismatch', 'Mismatched anonymous define() module: ' + args[args.length - 1]));
+                } else {
+                    //args are id, deps, factory. Should be normalized by the
+                    //define() function.
+                    callGetModule(args);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        context = {
+            config: config,
+            contextName: contextName,
+            registry: registry,
+            defined: defined,
+            urlFetched: urlFetched,
+            defQueue: defQueue,
+            Module: Module,
+            makeModuleMap: makeModuleMap,
+            nextTick: req.nextTick,
+            onError: onError,
+
+            /**
+             * Set a configuration for the context.
+             * @param {Object} cfg config object to integrate.
+             */
+            configure: function (cfg) {
+                //Make sure the baseUrl ends in a slash.
+                if (cfg.baseUrl) {
+                    if (cfg.baseUrl.charAt(cfg.baseUrl.length - 1) !== '/') {
+                        cfg.baseUrl += '/';
+                    }
+                }
+
+                //Save off the paths since they require special processing,
+                //they are additive.
+                var shim = config.shim,
+                    objs = {
+                        paths: true,
+                        bundles: true,
+                        config: true,
+                        map: true
+                    };
+
+                eachProp(cfg, function (value, prop) {
+                    if (objs[prop]) {
+                        if (!config[prop]) {
+                            config[prop] = {};
+                        }
+                        mixin(config[prop], value, true, true);
+                    } else {
+                        config[prop] = value;
+                    }
+                });
+
+                //Reverse map the bundles
+                if (cfg.bundles) {
+                    eachProp(cfg.bundles, function (value, prop) {
+                        each(value, function (v) {
+                            if (v !== prop) {
+                                bundlesMap[v] = prop;
+                            }
+                        });
+                    });
+                }
+
+                //Merge shim
+                if (cfg.shim) {
+                    eachProp(cfg.shim, function (value, id) {
+                        //Normalize the structure
+                        if (isArray(value)) {
+                            value = {
+                                deps: value
+                            };
+                        }
+                        if ((value.exports || value.init) && !value.exportsFn) {
+                            value.exportsFn = context.makeShimExports(value);
+                        }
+                        shim[id] = value;
+                    });
+                    config.shim = shim;
+                }
+
+                //Adjust packages if necessary.
+                if (cfg.packages) {
+                    each(cfg.packages, function (pkgObj) {
+                        var location, name;
+
+                        pkgObj = typeof pkgObj === 'string' ? { name: pkgObj } : pkgObj;
+
+                        name = pkgObj.name;
+                        location = pkgObj.location;
+                        if (location) {
+                            config.paths[name] = pkgObj.location;
+                        }
+
+                        //Save pointer to main module ID for pkg name.
+                        //Remove leading dot in main, so main paths are normalized,
+                        //and remove any trailing .js, since different package
+                        //envs have different conventions: some use a module name,
+                        //some use a file name.
+                        config.pkgs[name] = pkgObj.name + '/' + (pkgObj.main || 'main')
+                                     .replace(currDirRegExp, '')
+                                     .replace(jsSuffixRegExp, '');
+                    });
+                }
+
+                //If there are any "waiting to execute" modules in the registry,
+                //update the maps for them, since their info, like URLs to load,
+                //may have changed.
+                eachProp(registry, function (mod, id) {
+                    //If module already has init called, since it is too
+                    //late to modify them, and ignore unnormalized ones
+                    //since they are transient.
+                    if (!mod.inited && !mod.map.unnormalized) {
+                        mod.map = makeModuleMap(id);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                //If a deps array or a config callback is specified, then call
+                //require with those args. This is useful when require is defined as a
+                //config object before require.js is loaded.
+                if (cfg.deps || cfg.callback) {
+                    context.require(cfg.deps || [], cfg.callback);
+                }
+            },
+
+            makeShimExports: function (value) {
+                function fn() {
+                    var ret;
+                    if (value.init) {
+                        ret = value.init.apply(global, arguments);
+                    }
+                    return ret || (value.exports && getGlobal(value.exports));
+                }
+                return fn;
+            },
+
+            makeRequire: function (relMap, options) {
+                options = options || {};
+
+                function localRequire(deps, callback, errback) {
+                    var id, map, requireMod;
+
+                    if (options.enableBuildCallback && callback && isFunction(callback)) {
+                        callback.__requireJsBuild = true;
+                    }
+
+                    if (typeof deps === 'string') {
+                        if (isFunction(callback)) {
+                            //Invalid call
+                            return onError(makeError('requireargs', 'Invalid require call'), errback);
+                        }
+
+                        //If require|exports|module are requested, get the
+                        //value for them from the special handlers. Caveat:
+                        //this only works while module is being defined.
+                        if (relMap && hasProp(handlers, deps)) {
+                            return handlers[deps](registry[relMap.id]);
+                        }
+
+                        //Synchronous access to one module. If require.get is
+                        //available (as in the Node adapter), prefer that.
+                        if (req.get) {
+                            return req.get(context, deps, relMap, localRequire);
+                        }
+
+                        //Normalize module name, if it contains . or ..
+                        map = makeModuleMap(deps, relMap, false, true);
+                        id = map.id;
+
+                        if (!hasProp(defined, id)) {
+                            return onError(makeError('notloaded', 'Module name "' +
+                                        id +
+                                        '" has not been loaded yet for context: ' +
+                                        contextName +
+                                        (relMap ? '' : '. Use require([])')));
+                        }
+                        return defined[id];
+                    }
+
+                    //Grab defines waiting in the global queue.
+                    intakeDefines();
+
+                    //Mark all the dependencies as needing to be loaded.
+                    context.nextTick(function () {
+                        //Some defines could have been added since the
+                        //require call, collect them.
+                        intakeDefines();
+
+                        requireMod = getModule(makeModuleMap(null, relMap));
+
+                        //Store if map config should be applied to this require
+                        //call for dependencies.
+                        requireMod.skipMap = options.skipMap;
+
+                        requireMod.init(deps, callback, errback, {
+                            enabled: true
+                        });
+
+                        checkLoaded();
+                    });
+
+                    return localRequire;
+                }
+
+                mixin(localRequire, {
+                    isBrowser: isBrowser,
+
+                    /**
+                     * Converts a module name + .extension into an URL path.
+                     * *Requires* the use of a module name. It does not support using
+                     * plain URLs like nameToUrl.
+                     */
+                    toUrl: function (moduleNamePlusExt) {
+                        var ext,
+                            index = moduleNamePlusExt.lastIndexOf('.'),
+                            segment = moduleNamePlusExt.split('/')[0],
+                            isRelative = segment === '.' || segment === '..';
+
+                        //Have a file extension alias, and it is not the
+                        //dots from a relative path.
+                        if (index !== -1 && (!isRelative || index > 1)) {
+                            ext = moduleNamePlusExt.substring(index, moduleNamePlusExt.length);
+                            moduleNamePlusExt = moduleNamePlusExt.substring(0, index);
+                        }
+
+                        return context.nameToUrl(normalize(moduleNamePlusExt,
+                                                relMap && relMap.id, true), ext,  true);
+                    },
+
+                    defined: function (id) {
+                        return hasProp(defined, makeModuleMap(id, relMap, false, true).id);
+                    },
+
+                    specified: function (id) {
+                        id = makeModuleMap(id, relMap, false, true).id;
+                        return hasProp(defined, id) || hasProp(registry, id);
+                    }
+                });
+
+                //Only allow undef on top level require calls
+                if (!relMap) {
+                    localRequire.undef = function (id) {
+                        //Bind any waiting define() calls to this context,
+                        //fix for #408
+                        takeGlobalQueue();
+
+                        var map = makeModuleMap(id, relMap, true),
+                            mod = getOwn(registry, id);
+
+                        removeScript(id);
+
+                        delete defined[id];
+                        delete urlFetched[map.url];
+                        delete undefEvents[id];
+
+                        //Clean queued defines too. Go backwards
+                        //in array so that the splices do not
+                        //mess up the iteration.
+                        eachReverse(defQueue, function(args, i) {
+                            if(args[0] === id) {
+                                defQueue.splice(i, 1);
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                        if (mod) {
+                            //Hold on to listeners in case the
+                            //module will be attempted to be reloaded
+                            //using a different config.
+                            if (mod.events.defined) {
+                                undefEvents[id] = mod.events;
+                            }
+
+                            cleanRegistry(id);
+                        }
+                    };
+                }
+
+                return localRequire;
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Called to enable a module if it is still in the registry
+             * awaiting enablement. A second arg, parent, the parent module,
+             * is passed in for context, when this method is overridden by
+             * the optimizer. Not shown here to keep code compact.
+             */
+            enable: function (depMap) {
+                var mod = getOwn(registry, depMap.id);
+                if (mod) {
+                    getModule(depMap).enable();
+                }
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Internal method used by environment adapters to complete a load event.
+             * A load event could be a script load or just a load pass from a synchronous
+             * load call.
+             * @param {String} moduleName the name of the module to potentially complete.
+             */
+            completeLoad: function (moduleName) {
+                var found, args, mod,
+                    shim = getOwn(config.shim, moduleName) || {},
+                    shExports = shim.exports;
+
+                takeGlobalQueue();
+
+                while (defQueue.length) {
+                    args = defQueue.shift();
+                    if (args[0] === null) {
+                        args[0] = moduleName;
+                        //If already found an anonymous module and bound it
+                        //to this name, then this is some other anon module
+                        //waiting for its completeLoad to fire.
+                        if (found) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        found = true;
+                    } else if (args[0] === moduleName) {
+                        //Found matching define call for this script!
+                        found = true;
+                    }
+
+                    callGetModule(args);
+                }
+
+                //Do this after the cycle of callGetModule in case the result
+                //of those calls/init calls changes the registry.
+                mod = getOwn(registry, moduleName);
+
+                if (!found && !hasProp(defined, moduleName) && mod && !mod.inited) {
+                    if (config.enforceDefine && (!shExports || !getGlobal(shExports))) {
+                        if (hasPathFallback(moduleName)) {
+                            return;
+                        } else {
+                            return onError(makeError('nodefine',
+                                             'No define call for ' + moduleName,
+                                             null,
+                                             [moduleName]));
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        //A script that does not call define(), so just simulate
+                        //the call for it.
+                        callGetModule([moduleName, (shim.deps || []), shim.exportsFn]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                checkLoaded();
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Converts a module name to a file path. Supports cases where
+             * moduleName may actually be just an URL.
+             * Note that it **does not** call normalize on the moduleName,
+             * it is assumed to have already been normalized. This is an
+             * internal API, not a public one. Use toUrl for the public API.
+             */
+            nameToUrl: function (moduleName, ext, skipExt) {
+                var paths, syms, i, parentModule, url,
+                    parentPath, bundleId,
+                    pkgMain = getOwn(config.pkgs, moduleName);
+
+                if (pkgMain) {
+                    moduleName = pkgMain;
+                }
+
+                bundleId = getOwn(bundlesMap, moduleName);
+
+                if (bundleId) {
+                    return context.nameToUrl(bundleId, ext, skipExt);
+                }
+
+                //If a colon is in the URL, it indicates a protocol is used and it is just
+                //an URL to a file, or if it starts with a slash, contains a query arg (i.e. ?)
+                //or ends with .js, then assume the user meant to use an url and not a module id.
+                //The slash is important for protocol-less URLs as well as full paths.
+                if (req.jsExtRegExp.test(moduleName)) {
+                    //Just a plain path, not module name lookup, so just return it.
+                    //Add extension if it is included. This is a bit wonky, only non-.js things pass
+                    //an extension, this method probably needs to be reworked.
+                    url = moduleName + (ext || '');
+                } else {
+                    //A module that needs to be converted to a path.
+                    paths = config.paths;
+
+                    syms = moduleName.split('/');
+                    //For each module name segment, see if there is a path
+                    //registered for it. Start with most specific name
+                    //and work up from it.
+                    for (i = syms.length; i > 0; i -= 1) {
+                        parentModule = syms.slice(0, i).join('/');
+
+                        parentPath = getOwn(paths, parentModule);
+                        if (parentPath) {
+                            //If an array, it means there are a few choices,
+                            //Choose the one that is desired
+                            if (isArray(parentPath)) {
+                                parentPath = parentPath[0];
+                            }
+                            syms.splice(0, i, parentPath);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    //Join the path parts together, then figure out if baseUrl is needed.
+                    url = syms.join('/');
+                    url += (ext || (/^data\:|\?/.test(url) || skipExt ? '' : '.js'));
+                    url = (url.charAt(0) === '/' || url.match(/^[\w\+\.\-]+:/) ? '' : config.baseUrl) + url;
+                }
+
+                return config.urlArgs ? url +
+                                        ((url.indexOf('?') === -1 ? '?' : '&') +
+                                         config.urlArgs) : url;
+            },
+
+            //Delegates to req.load. Broken out as a separate function to
+            //allow overriding in the optimizer.
+            load: function (id, url) {
+                req.load(context, id, url);
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Executes a module callback function. Broken out as a separate function
+             * solely to allow the build system to sequence the files in the built
+             * layer in the right sequence.
+             *
+             * @private
+             */
+            execCb: function (name, callback, args, exports) {
+                return callback.apply(exports, args);
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * callback for script loads, used to check status of loading.
+             *
+             * @param {Event} evt the event from the browser for the script
+             * that was loaded.
+             */
+            onScriptLoad: function (evt) {
+                //Using currentTarget instead of target for Firefox 2.0's sake. Not
+                //all old browsers will be supported, but this one was easy enough
+                //to support and still makes sense.
+                if (evt.type === 'load' ||
+                        (readyRegExp.test((evt.currentTarget || evt.srcElement).readyState))) {
+                    //Reset interactive script so a script node is not held onto for
+                    //to long.
+                    interactiveScript = null;
+
+                    //Pull out the name of the module and the context.
+                    var data = getScriptData(evt);
+                    context.completeLoad(data.id);
+                }
+            },
+
+            /**
+             * Callback for script errors.
+             */
+            onScriptError: function (evt) {
+                var data = getScriptData(evt);
+                if (!hasPathFallback(data.id)) {
+                    return onError(makeError('scripterror', 'Script error for: ' + data.id, evt, [data.id]));
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        context.require = context.makeRequire();
+        return context;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Main entry point.
+     *
+     * If the only argument to require is a string, then the module that
+     * is represented by that string is fetched for the appropriate context.
+     *
+     * If the first argument is an array, then it will be treated as an array
+     * of dependency string names to fetch. An optional function callback can
+     * be specified to execute when all of those dependencies are available.
+     *
+     * Make a local req variable to help Caja compliance (it assumes things
+     * on a require that are not standardized), and to give a short
+     * name for minification/local scope use.
+     */
+    req = requirejs = function (deps, callback, errback, optional) {
+
+        //Find the right context, use default
+        var context, config,
+            contextName = defContextName;
+
+        // Determine if have config object in the call.
+        if (!isArray(deps) && typeof deps !== 'string') {
+            // deps is a config object
+            config = deps;
+            if (isArray(callback)) {
+                // Adjust args if there are dependencies
+                deps = callback;
+                callback = errback;
+                errback = optional;
+            } else {
+                deps = [];
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (config && config.context) {
+            contextName = config.context;
+        }
+
+        context = getOwn(contexts, contextName);
+        if (!context) {
+            context = contexts[contextName] = req.s.newContext(contextName);
+        }
+
+        if (config) {
+            context.configure(config);
+        }
+
+        return context.require(deps, callback, errback);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Support require.config() to make it easier to cooperate with other
+     * AMD loaders on globally agreed names.
+     */
+    req.config = function (config) {
+        return req(config);
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Execute something after the current tick
+     * of the event loop. Override for other envs
+     * that have a better solution than setTimeout.
+     * @param  {Function} fn function to execute later.
+     */
+    req.nextTick = typeof setTimeout !== 'undefined' ? function (fn) {
+        setTimeout(fn, 4);
+    } : function (fn) { fn(); };
+
+    /**
+     * Export require as a global, but only if it does not already exist.
+     */
+    if (!require) {
+        require = req;
+    }
+
+    req.version = version;
+
+    //Used to filter out dependencies that are already paths.
+    req.jsExtRegExp = /^\/|:|\?|\.js$/;
+    req.isBrowser = isBrowser;
+    s = req.s = {
+        contexts: contexts,
+        newContext: newContext
+    };
+
+    //Create default context.
+    req({});
+
+    //Exports some context-sensitive methods on global require.
+    each([
+        'toUrl',
+        'undef',
+        'defined',
+        'specified'
+    ], function (prop) {
+        //Reference from contexts instead of early binding to default context,
+        //so that during builds, the latest instance of the default context
+        //with its config gets used.
+        req[prop] = function () {
+            var ctx = contexts[defContextName];
+            return ctx.require[prop].apply(ctx, arguments);
+        };
+    });
+
+    if (isBrowser) {
+        head = s.head = document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];
+        //If BASE tag is in play, using appendChild is a problem for IE6.
+        //When that browser dies, this can be removed. Details in this jQuery bug:
+        //http://dev.jquery.com/ticket/2709
+        baseElement = document.getElementsByTagName('base')[0];
+        if (baseElement) {
+            head = s.head = baseElement.parentNode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Any errors that require explicitly generates will be passed to this
+     * function. Intercept/override it if you want custom error handling.
+     * @param {Error} err the error object.
+     */
+    req.onError = defaultOnError;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the node for the load command. Only used in browser envs.
+     */
+    req.createNode = function (config, moduleName, url) {
+        var node = config.xhtml ?
+                document.createElementNS('http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml', 'html:script') :
+                document.createElement('script');
+        node.type = config.scriptType || 'text/javascript';
+        node.charset = 'utf-8';
+        node.async = true;
+        return node;
+    };
+
+    /**
+     * Does the request to load a module for the browser case.
+     * Make this a separate function to allow other environments
+     * to override it.
+     *
+     * @param {Object} context the require context to find state.
+     * @param {String} moduleName the name of the module.
+     * @param {Object} url the URL to the module.
+     */
+    req.load = function (context, moduleName, url) {
+        var config = (context && context.config) || {},
+            node;
+        if (isBrowser) {
+            //In the browser so use a script tag
+            node = req.createNode(config, moduleName, url);
+
+            node.setAttribute('data-requirecontext', context.contextName);
+            node.setAttribute('data-requiremodule', moduleName);
+
+            //Set up load listener. Test attachEvent first because IE9 has
+            //a subtle issue in its addEventListener and script onload firings
+            //that do not match the behavior of all other browsers with
+            //addEventListener support, which fire the onload event for a
+            //script right after the script execution. See:
+            //https://connect.microsoft.com/IE/feedback/details/648057/script-onload-event-is-not-fired-immediately-after-script-execution
+            //UNFORTUNATELY Opera implements attachEvent but does not follow the script
+            //script execution mode.
+            if (node.attachEvent &&
+                    //Check if node.attachEvent is artificially added by custom script or
+                    //natively supported by browser
+                    //read https://github.com/jrburke/requirejs/issues/187
+                    //if we can NOT find [native code] then it must NOT natively supported.
+                    //in IE8, node.attachEvent does not have toString()
+                    //Note the test for "[native code" with no closing brace, see:
+                    //https://github.com/jrburke/requirejs/issues/273
+                    !(node.attachEvent.toString && node.attachEvent.toString().indexOf('[native code') < 0) &&
+                    !isOpera) {
+                //Probably IE. IE (at least 6-8) do not fire
+                //script onload right after executing the script, so
+                //we cannot tie the anonymous define call to a name.
+                //However, IE reports the script as being in 'interactive'
+                //readyState at the time of the define call.
+                useInteractive = true;
+
+                node.attachEvent('onreadystatechange', context.onScriptLoad);
+                //It would be great to add an error handler here to catch
+                //404s in IE9+. However, onreadystatechange will fire before
+                //the error handler, so that does not help. If addEventListener
+                //is used, then IE will fire error before load, but we cannot
+                //use that pathway given the connect.microsoft.com issue
+                //mentioned above about not doing the 'script execute,
+                //then fire the script load event listener before execute
+                //next script' that other browsers do.
+                //Best hope: IE10 fixes the issues,
+                //and then destroys all installs of IE 6-9.
+                //node.attachEvent('onerror', context.onScriptError);
+            } else {
+                node.addEventListener('load', context.onScriptLoad, false);
+                node.addEventListener('error', context.onScriptError, false);
+            }
+            node.src = url;
+
+            //For some cache cases in IE 6-8, the script executes before the end
+            //of the appendChild execution, so to tie an anonymous define
+            //call to the module name (which is stored on the node), hold on
+            //to a reference to this node, but clear after the DOM insertion.
+            currentlyAddingScript = node;
+            if (baseElement) {
+                head.insertBefore(node, baseElement);
+            } else {
+                head.appendChild(node);
+            }
+            currentlyAddingScript = null;
+
+            return node;
+        } else if (isWebWorker) {
+            try {
+                //In a web worker, use importScripts. This is not a very
+                //efficient use of importScripts, importScripts will block until
+                //its script is downloaded and evaluated. However, if web workers
+                //are in play, the expectation that a build has been done so that
+                //only one script needs to be loaded anyway. This may need to be
+                //reevaluated if other use cases become common.
+                importScripts(url);
+
+                //Account for anonymous modules
+                context.completeLoad(moduleName);
+            } catch (e) {
+                context.onError(makeError('importscripts',
+                                'importScripts failed for ' +
+                                    moduleName + ' at ' + url,
+                                e,
+                                [moduleName]));
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    function getInteractiveScript() {
+        if (interactiveScript && interactiveScript.readyState === 'interactive') {
+            return interactiveScript;
+        }
+
+        eachReverse(scripts(), function (script) {
+            if (script.readyState === 'interactive') {
+                return (interactiveScript = script);
+            }
+        });
+        return interactiveScript;
+    }
+
+    //Look for a data-main script attribute, which could also adjust the baseUrl.
+    if (isBrowser && !cfg.skipDataMain) {
+        //Figure out baseUrl. Get it from the script tag with require.js in it.
+        eachReverse(scripts(), function (script) {
+            //Set the 'head' where we can append children by
+            //using the script's parent.
+            if (!head) {
+                head = script.parentNode;
+            }
+
+            //Look for a data-main attribute to set main script for the page
+            //to load. If it is there, the path to data main becomes the
+            //baseUrl, if it is not already set.
+            dataMain = script.getAttribute('data-main');
+            if (dataMain) {
+                //Preserve dataMain in case it is a path (i.e. contains '?')
+                mainScript = dataMain;
+
+                //Set final baseUrl if there is not already an explicit one.
+                if (!cfg.baseUrl) {
+                    //Pull off the directory of data-main for use as the
+                    //baseUrl.
+                    src = mainScript.split('/');
+                    mainScript = src.pop();
+                    subPath = src.length ? src.join('/')  + '/' : './';
+
+                    cfg.baseUrl = subPath;
+                }
+
+                //Strip off any trailing .js since mainScript is now
+                //like a module name.
+                mainScript = mainScript.replace(jsSuffixRegExp, '');
+
+                 //If mainScript is still a path, fall back to dataMain
+                if (req.jsExtRegExp.test(mainScript)) {
+                    mainScript = dataMain;
+                }
+
+                //Put the data-main script in the files to load.
+                cfg.deps = cfg.deps ? cfg.deps.concat(mainScript) : [mainScript];
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The function that handles definitions of modules. Differs from
+     * require() in that a string for the module should be the first argument,
+     * and the function to execute after dependencies are loaded should
+     * return a value to define the module corresponding to the first argument's
+     * name.
+     */
+    define = function (name, deps, callback) {
+        var node, context;
+
+        //Allow for anonymous modules
+        if (typeof name !== 'string') {
+            //Adjust args appropriately
+            callback = deps;
+            deps = name;
+            name = null;
+        }
+
+        //This module may not have dependencies
+        if (!isArray(deps)) {
+            callback = deps;
+            deps = null;
+        }
+
+        //If no name, and callback is a function, then figure out if it a
+        //CommonJS thing with dependencies.
+        if (!deps && isFunction(callback)) {
+            deps = [];
+            //Remove comments from the callback string,
+            //look for require calls, and pull them into the dependencies,
+            //but only if there are function args.
+            if (callback.length) {
+                callback
+                    .toString()
+                    .replace(commentRegExp, '')
+                    .replace(cjsRequireRegExp, function (match, dep) {
+                        deps.push(dep);
+                    });
+
+                //May be a CommonJS thing even without require calls, but still
+                //could use exports, and module. Avoid doing exports and module
+                //work though if it just needs require.
+                //REQUIRES the function to expect the CommonJS variables in the
+                //order listed below.
+                deps = (callback.length === 1 ? ['require'] : ['require', 'exports', 'module']).concat(deps);
+            }
+        }
+
+        //If in IE 6-8 and hit an anonymous define() call, do the interactive
+        //work.
+        if (useInteractive) {
+            node = currentlyAddingScript || getInteractiveScript();
+            if (node) {
+                if (!name) {
+                    name = node.getAttribute('data-requiremodule');
+                }
+                context = contexts[node.getAttribute('data-requirecontext')];
+            }
+        }
+
+        //Always save off evaluating the def call until the script onload handler.
+        //This allows multiple modules to be in a file without prematurely
+        //tracing dependencies, and allows for anonymous module support,
+        //where the module name is not known until the script onload event
+        //occurs. If no context, use the global queue, and get it processed
+        //in the onscript load callback.
+        (context ? context.defQueue : globalDefQueue).push([name, deps, callback]);
+    };
+
+    define.amd = {
+        jQuery: true
+    };
+
+
+    /**
+     * Executes the text. Normally just uses eval, but can be modified
+     * to use a better, environment-specific call. Only used for transpiling
+     * loader plugins, not for plain JS modules.
+     * @param {String} text the text to execute/evaluate.
+     */
+    req.exec = function (text) {
+        /*jslint evil: true */
+        return eval(text);
+    };
+
+    //Set up with config info.
+    req(cfg);
+}(this));
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae76c97ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/require.min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+ RequireJS 2.1.16 Copyright (c) 2010-2015, The Dojo Foundation All Rights Reserved.
+ Available via the MIT or new BSD license.
+ see: http://github.com/jrburke/requirejs for details
+*/
+var requirejs,require,define;
+(function(ba){function G(b){return"[object Function]"===K.call(b)}function H(b){return"[object Array]"===K.call(b)}function v(b,c){if(b){var d;for(d=0;d<b.length&&(!b[d]||!c(b[d],d,b));d+=1);}}function T(b,c){if(b){var d;for(d=b.length-1;-1<d&&(!b[d]||!c(b[d],d,b));d-=1);}}function t(b,c){return fa.call(b,c)}function m(b,c){return t(b,c)&&b[c]}function B(b,c){for(var d in b)if(t(b,d)&&c(b[d],d))break}function U(b,c,d,e){c&&B(c,function(c,g){if(d||!t(b,g))e&&"object"===typeof c&&c&&!H(c)&&!G(c)&&!(c instanceof
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n?n+t:t},h.templateSettings={evaluate:/<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,interpolate:/<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,escape:/<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g};var A=/(.)^/,k={"'":"'","\\":"\\","\r":"r","\n":"n","\u2028":"u2028","\u2029":"u2029"},O=/\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g,F=function(n){return"\\"+k[n]};h.template=function(n,t,r){!t&&r&&(t=r),t=h.defaults({},t,h.templateSettings);var e=RegExp([(t.escape||A).source,(t.interpolate||A).source,(t.evaluate||A).source].join("|")+"|$","g"),u=0,i="__p+='";n.replace(e,function(t,r,e,a,o){return i+=n.slice(u,o).replace(O,F),u=o+t.length,r?i+="'+\n((__t=("+r+"))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'":e?i+="'+\n((__t=("+e+"))==null?'':__t)+\n'":a&&(i+="';\n"+a+"\n__p+='"),t}),i+="';\n",t.variable||(i="with(obj||{}){\n"+i+"}\n"),i="var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join,"+"print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n"+i+"return __p;\n";try{var a=new Function(t.variable||"obj","_",i)}catch(o){throw o.source=i,o}var l=function(n){return a.call(this,n,h)},c=t.variable||"obj";return l.source="function("+c+"){\n"+i+"}",l},h.chain=function(n){var t=h(n);return t._chain=!0,t};var E=function(n){return this._chain?h(n).chain():n};h.mixin=function(n){h.each(h.functions(n),function(t){var r=h[t]=n[t];h.prototype[t]=function(){var n=[this._wrapped];return i.apply(n,arguments),E.call(this,r.apply(h,n))}})},h.mixin(h),h.each(["pop","push","reverse","shift","sort","splice","unshift"],function(n){var t=r[n];h.prototype[n]=function(){var r=this._wrapped;return t.apply(r,arguments),"shift"!==n&&"splice"!==n||0!==r.length||delete r[0],E.call(this,r)}}),h.each(["concat","join","slice"],function(n){var t=r[n];h.prototype[n]=function(){return E.call(this,t.apply(this._wrapped,arguments))}}),h.prototype.value=function(){return this._wrapped},"function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&define("underscore",[],function(){return h})}).call(this);
+//# sourceMappingURL=underscore-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore.js b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afd92e5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/libs/underscore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1416 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.7.0
+//     http://underscorejs.org
+//     (c) 2009-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+
+(function() {
+
+  // Baseline setup
+  // --------------
+
+  // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `exports` on the server.
+  var root = this;
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
+  var previousUnderscore = root._;
+
+  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
+  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;
+
+  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+  var
+    push             = ArrayProto.push,
+    slice            = ArrayProto.slice,
+    concat           = ArrayProto.concat,
+    toString         = ObjProto.toString,
+    hasOwnProperty   = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
+  // are declared here.
+  var
+    nativeIsArray      = Array.isArray,
+    nativeKeys         = Object.keys,
+    nativeBind         = FuncProto.bind;
+
+  // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
+  var _ = function(obj) {
+    if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
+    if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
+    this._wrapped = obj;
+  };
+
+  // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
+  // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in
+  // the browser, add `_` as a global object.
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+      exports = module.exports = _;
+    }
+    exports._ = _;
+  } else {
+    root._ = _;
+  }
+
+  // Current version.
+  _.VERSION = '1.7.0';
+
+  // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version
+  // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore
+  // functions.
+  var createCallback = function(func, context, argCount) {
+    if (context === void 0) return func;
+    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
+      case 1: return function(value) {
+        return func.call(context, value);
+      };
+      case 2: return function(value, other) {
+        return func.call(context, value, other);
+      };
+      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
+      };
+      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+      };
+    }
+    return function() {
+      return func.apply(context, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // A mostly-internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied
+  // to each element in a collection, returning the desired result — either
+  // identity, an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor.
+  _.iteratee = function(value, context, argCount) {
+    if (value == null) return _.identity;
+    if (_.isFunction(value)) return createCallback(value, context, argCount);
+    if (_.isObject(value)) return _.matches(value);
+    return _.property(value);
+  };
+
+  // Collection Functions
+  // --------------------
+
+  // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
+  // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all
+  // sparse array-likes as if they were dense.
+  _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return obj;
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context);
+    var i, length = obj.length;
+    if (length === +length) {
+      for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[i], i, obj);
+      }
+    } else {
+      var keys = _.keys(obj);
+      for (i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj);
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element.
+  _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return [];
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        results = Array(length),
+        currentKey;
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  var reduceError = 'Reduce of empty array with no initial value';
+
+  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
+  // or `foldl`.
+  _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 4);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index = 0, currentKey;
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      if (!length) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+      memo = obj[keys ? keys[index++] : index++];
+    }
+    for (; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
+  _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 4);
+    var keys = obj.length !== + obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        index = (keys || obj).length,
+        currentKey;
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      if (!index) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+      memo = obj[keys ? keys[--index] : --index];
+    }
+    while (index--) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
+  _.find = _.detect = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var result;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    _.some(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) {
+        result = value;
+        return true;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `select`.
+  _.filter = _.select = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    if (obj == null) return results;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value);
+    });
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+  _.reject = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    return _.filter(obj, _.negate(_.iteratee(predicate)), context);
+  };
+
+  // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `all`.
+  _.every = _.all = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index, currentKey;
+    for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `any`.
+  _.some = _.any = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index, currentKey;
+    for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if the array or object contains a given value (using `===`).
+  // Aliased as `include`.
+  _.contains = _.include = function(obj, target) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    if (obj.length !== +obj.length) obj = _.values(obj);
+    return _.indexOf(obj, target) >= 0;
+  };
+
+  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
+  _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    var isFunc = _.isFunction(method);
+    return _.map(obj, function(value) {
+      return (isFunc ? method : value[method]).apply(value, args);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
+  _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
+    return _.map(obj, _.property(key));
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
+  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  _.where = function(obj, attrs) {
+    return _.filter(obj, _.matches(attrs));
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
+  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  _.findWhere = function(obj, attrs) {
+    return _.find(obj, _.matches(attrs));
+  };
+
+  // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.max = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null && obj != null) {
+      obj = obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value > result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(value, index, list);
+        if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) {
+          result = value;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.min = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null && obj != null) {
+      obj = obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value < result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(value, index, list);
+        if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) {
+          result = value;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Shuffle a collection, using the modern version of the
+  // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
+  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
+    var set = obj && obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+    var length = set.length;
+    var shuffled = Array(length);
+    for (var index = 0, rand; index < length; index++) {
+      rand = _.random(0, index);
+      if (rand !== index) shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand];
+      shuffled[rand] = set[index];
+    }
+    return shuffled;
+  };
+
+  // Sample **n** random values from a collection.
+  // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element.
+  // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`.
+  _.sample = function(obj, n, guard) {
+    if (n == null || guard) {
+      if (obj.length !== +obj.length) obj = _.values(obj);
+      return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)];
+    }
+    return _.shuffle(obj).slice(0, Math.max(0, n));
+  };
+
+  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee.
+  _.sortBy = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        index: index,
+        criteria: iteratee(value, index, list)
+      };
+    }).sort(function(left, right) {
+      var a = left.criteria;
+      var b = right.criteria;
+      if (a !== b) {
+        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
+        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
+      }
+      return left.index - right.index;
+    }), 'value');
+  };
+
+  // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
+  var group = function(behavior) {
+    return function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+      var result = {};
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index) {
+        var key = iteratee(value, index, obj);
+        behavior(result, value, key);
+      });
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+  _.groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (_.has(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value];
+  });
+
+  // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupBy`, but for
+  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
+  _.indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    result[key] = value;
+  });
+
+  // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
+  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
+  // criterion.
+  _.countBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (_.has(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1;
+  });
+
+  // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
+  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+  _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context, 1);
+    var value = iteratee(obj);
+    var low = 0, high = array.length;
+    while (low < high) {
+      var mid = low + high >>> 1;
+      if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid;
+    }
+    return low;
+  };
+
+  // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
+  _.toArray = function(obj) {
+    if (!obj) return [];
+    if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
+    if (obj.length === +obj.length) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
+    return _.values(obj);
+  };
+
+  // Return the number of elements in an object.
+  _.size = function(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return 0;
+    return obj.length === +obj.length ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
+  };
+
+  // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all satisfy the given
+  // predicate, and one whose elements all do not satisfy the predicate.
+  _.partition = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var pass = [], fail = [];
+    _.each(obj, function(value, key, obj) {
+      (predicate(value, key, obj) ? pass : fail).push(value);
+    });
+    return [pass, fail];
+  };
+
+  // Array Functions
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
+  // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check
+  // allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null) return void 0;
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[0];
+    if (n < 0) return [];
+    return slice.call(array, 0, n);
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
+  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+  // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
+  // `_.map`.
+  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n)));
+  };
+
+  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null) return void 0;
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1];
+    return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0));
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
+  // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return
+  // the rest N values in the array. The **guard**
+  // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n);
+  };
+
+  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+  _.compact = function(array) {
+    return _.filter(array, _.identity);
+  };
+
+  // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
+  var flatten = function(input, shallow, strict, output) {
+    if (shallow && _.every(input, _.isArray)) {
+      return concat.apply(output, input);
+    }
+    for (var i = 0, length = input.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var value = input[i];
+      if (!_.isArray(value) && !_.isArguments(value)) {
+        if (!strict) output.push(value);
+      } else if (shallow) {
+        push.apply(output, value);
+      } else {
+        flatten(value, shallow, strict, output);
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  };
+
+  // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level.
+  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
+    return flatten(array, shallow, false, []);
+  };
+
+  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+  _.without = function(array) {
+    return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  };
+
+  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+  // Aliased as `unique`.
+  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    if (!_.isBoolean(isSorted)) {
+      context = iteratee;
+      iteratee = isSorted;
+      isSorted = false;
+    }
+    if (iteratee != null) iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    var result = [];
+    var seen = [];
+    for (var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var value = array[i];
+      if (isSorted) {
+        if (!i || seen !== value) result.push(value);
+        seen = value;
+      } else if (iteratee) {
+        var computed = iteratee(value, i, array);
+        if (_.indexOf(seen, computed) < 0) {
+          seen.push(computed);
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      } else if (_.indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
+  // the passed-in arrays.
+  _.union = function() {
+    return _.uniq(flatten(arguments, true, true, []));
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+  // passed-in arrays.
+  _.intersection = function(array) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    var result = [];
+    var argsLength = arguments.length;
+    for (var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var item = array[i];
+      if (_.contains(result, item)) continue;
+      for (var j = 1; j < argsLength; j++) {
+        if (!_.contains(arguments[j], item)) break;
+      }
+      if (j === argsLength) result.push(item);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
+  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
+  _.difference = function(array) {
+    var rest = flatten(slice.call(arguments, 1), true, true, []);
+    return _.filter(array, function(value){
+      return !_.contains(rest, value);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+  // an index go together.
+  _.zip = function(array) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    var length = _.max(arguments, 'length').length;
+    var results = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      results[i] = _.pluck(arguments, i);
+    }
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
+  // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
+  // the corresponding values.
+  _.object = function(list, values) {
+    if (list == null) return {};
+    var result = {};
+    for (var i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {
+      if (values) {
+        result[list[i]] = values[i];
+      } else {
+        result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array,
+  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
+  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
+  _.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var i = 0, length = array.length;
+    if (isSorted) {
+      if (typeof isSorted == 'number') {
+        i = isSorted < 0 ? Math.max(0, length + isSorted) : isSorted;
+      } else {
+        i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
+        return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
+      }
+    }
+    for (; i < length; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item, from) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var idx = array.length;
+    if (typeof from == 'number') {
+      idx = from < 0 ? idx + from + 1 : Math.min(idx, from + 1);
+    }
+    while (--idx >= 0) if (array[idx] === item) return idx;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+  // the native Python `range()` function. See
+  // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
+  _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+      stop = start || 0;
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    step = step || 1;
+
+    var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
+    var range = Array(length);
+
+    for (var idx = 0; idx < length; idx++, start += step) {
+      range[idx] = start;
+    }
+
+    return range;
+  };
+
+  // Function (ahem) Functions
+  // ------------------
+
+  // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
+  var Ctor = function(){};
+
+  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
+  // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if
+  // available.
+  _.bind = function(func, context) {
+    var args, bound;
+    if (nativeBind && func.bind === nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
+    args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    bound = function() {
+      if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      Ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
+      var self = new Ctor;
+      Ctor.prototype = null;
+      var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      if (_.isObject(result)) return result;
+      return self;
+    };
+    return bound;
+  };
+
+  // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
+  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. _ acts
+  // as a placeholder, allowing any combination of arguments to be pre-filled.
+  _.partial = function(func) {
+    var boundArgs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return function() {
+      var position = 0;
+      var args = boundArgs.slice();
+      for (var i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++) {
+        if (args[i] === _) args[i] = arguments[position++];
+      }
+      while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]);
+      return func.apply(this, args);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments
+  // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks
+  // defined on an object belong to it.
+  _.bindAll = function(obj) {
+    var i, length = arguments.length, key;
+    if (length <= 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names');
+    for (i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+      key = arguments[i];
+      obj[key] = _.bind(obj[key], obj);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
+  _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
+    var memoize = function(key) {
+      var cache = memoize.cache;
+      var address = hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key;
+      if (!_.has(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      return cache[address];
+    };
+    memoize.cache = {};
+    return memoize;
+  };
+
+  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+  // it with the arguments supplied.
+  _.delay = function(func, wait) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return setTimeout(function(){
+      return func.apply(null, args);
+    }, wait);
+  };
+
+  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+  // cleared.
+  _.defer = function(func) {
+    return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+  // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
+  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
+  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
+  // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
+  _.throttle = function(func, wait, options) {
+    var context, args, result;
+    var timeout = null;
+    var previous = 0;
+    if (!options) options = {};
+    var later = function() {
+      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : _.now();
+      timeout = null;
+      result = func.apply(context, args);
+      if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+    };
+    return function() {
+      var now = _.now();
+      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
+      var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        timeout = null;
+        previous = now;
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
+  // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
+  // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
+  // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
+  _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
+    var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
+
+    var later = function() {
+      var last = _.now() - timestamp;
+
+      if (last < wait && last > 0) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last);
+      } else {
+        timeout = null;
+        if (!immediate) {
+          result = func.apply(context, args);
+          if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    return function() {
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      timestamp = _.now();
+      var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
+      if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+      if (callNow) {
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        context = args = null;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+  // conditionally execute the original function.
+  _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
+    return _.partial(wrapper, func);
+  };
+
+  // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate.
+  _.negate = function(predicate) {
+    return function() {
+      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+  _.compose = function() {
+    var args = arguments;
+    var start = args.length - 1;
+    return function() {
+      var i = start;
+      var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments);
+      while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result);
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
+  _.after = function(times, func) {
+    return function() {
+      if (--times < 1) {
+        return func.apply(this, arguments);
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed before being called N times.
+  _.before = function(times, func) {
+    var memo;
+    return function() {
+      if (--times > 0) {
+        memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      } else {
+        func = null;
+      }
+      return memo;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
+  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
+  _.once = _.partial(_.before, 2);
+
+  // Object Functions
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
+  _.keys = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return [];
+    if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj);
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
+    return keys;
+  };
+
+  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+  _.values = function(obj) {
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    var length = keys.length;
+    var values = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      values[i] = obj[keys[i]];
+    }
+    return values;
+  };
+
+  // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
+  _.pairs = function(obj) {
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    var length = keys.length;
+    var pairs = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]];
+    }
+    return pairs;
+  };
+
+  // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
+  _.invert = function(obj) {
+    var result = {};
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+      result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
+  // Aliased as `methods`
+  _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
+    var names = [];
+    for (var key in obj) {
+      if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
+    }
+    return names.sort();
+  };
+
+  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
+  _.extend = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    var source, prop;
+    for (var i = 1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+      source = arguments[i];
+      for (prop in source) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
+            obj[prop] = source[prop];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
+  _.pick = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = {}, key;
+    if (obj == null) return result;
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context);
+      for (key in obj) {
+        var value = obj[key];
+        if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      var keys = concat.apply([], slice.call(arguments, 1));
+      obj = new Object(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        key = keys[i];
+        if (key in obj) result[key] = obj[key];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+   // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
+  _.omit = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = _.negate(iteratee);
+    } else {
+      var keys = _.map(concat.apply([], slice.call(arguments, 1)), String);
+      iteratee = function(value, key) {
+        return !_.contains(keys, key);
+      };
+    }
+    return _.pick(obj, iteratee, context);
+  };
+
+  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
+  _.defaults = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    for (var i = 1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var source = arguments[i];
+      for (var prop in source) {
+        if (obj[prop] === void 0) obj[prop] = source[prop];
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+  _.clone = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
+  };
+
+  // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
+  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
+  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+  _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
+    interceptor(obj);
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
+  var eq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
+    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+    // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
+    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b;
+    // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
+    if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
+    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
+    if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
+    if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
+    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
+    var className = toString.call(a);
+    if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false;
+    switch (className) {
+      // Strings, numbers, regular expressions, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
+      case '[object RegExp]':
+      // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i')
+      case '[object String]':
+        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
+        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
+        return '' + a === '' + b;
+      case '[object Number]':
+        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
+        // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN
+        if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b;
+        // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values.
+        return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b;
+      case '[object Date]':
+      case '[object Boolean]':
+        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
+        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
+        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
+        return +a === +b;
+    }
+    if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
+    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+    var length = aStack.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+      // unique nested structures.
+      if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b;
+    }
+    // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s
+    // from different frames are.
+    var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
+    if (
+      aCtor !== bCtor &&
+      // Handle Object.create(x) cases
+      'constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b &&
+      !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor &&
+        _.isFunction(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.push(a);
+    bStack.push(b);
+    var size, result;
+    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
+    if (className === '[object Array]') {
+      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
+      size = a.length;
+      result = size === b.length;
+      if (result) {
+        // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
+        while (size--) {
+          if (!(result = eq(a[size], b[size], aStack, bStack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Deep compare objects.
+      var keys = _.keys(a), key;
+      size = keys.length;
+      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality.
+      result = _.keys(b).length === size;
+      if (result) {
+        while (size--) {
+          // Deep compare each member
+          key = keys[size];
+          if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.pop();
+    bStack.pop();
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
+    return eq(a, b, [], []);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
+  _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj) || _.isArguments(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a DOM element?
+  _.isElement = function(obj) {
+    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value an array?
+  // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
+  _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable an object?
+  _.isObject = function(obj) {
+    var type = typeof obj;
+    return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj;
+  };
+
+  // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp.
+  _.each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp'], function(name) {
+    _['is' + name] = function(obj) {
+      return toString.call(obj) === '[object ' + name + ']';
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE), where
+  // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
+  if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
+    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+      return _.has(obj, 'callee');
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around an IE 11 bug.
+  if (typeof /./ !== 'function') {
+    _.isFunction = function(obj) {
+      return typeof obj == 'function' || false;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Is a given object a finite number?
+  _.isFinite = function(obj) {
+    return isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
+  };
+
+  // Is the given value `NaN`? (NaN is the only number which does not equal itself).
+  _.isNaN = function(obj) {
+    return _.isNumber(obj) && obj !== +obj;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a boolean?
+  _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
+    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value equal to null?
+  _.isNull = function(obj) {
+    return obj === null;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable undefined?
+  _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
+    return obj === void 0;
+  };
+
+  // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
+  // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
+  _.has = function(obj, key) {
+    return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
+  };
+
+  // Utility Functions
+  // -----------------
+
+  // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
+  // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
+  _.noConflict = function() {
+    root._ = previousUnderscore;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees.
+  _.identity = function(value) {
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  // Predicate-generating functions. Often useful outside of Underscore.
+  _.constant = function(value) {
+    return function() {
+      return value;
+    };
+  };
+
+  _.noop = function(){};
+
+  _.property = function(key) {
+    return function(obj) {
+      return obj[key];
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs.
+  _.matches = function(attrs) {
+    var pairs = _.pairs(attrs), length = pairs.length;
+    return function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return !length;
+      obj = new Object(obj);
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        var pair = pairs[i], key = pair[0];
+        if (pair[1] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Run a function **n** times.
+  _.times = function(n, iteratee, context) {
+    var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 1);
+    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i);
+    return accum;
+  };
+
+  // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
+  _.random = function(min, max) {
+    if (max == null) {
+      max = min;
+      min = 0;
+    }
+    return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
+  };
+
+  // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer.
+  _.now = Date.now || function() {
+    return new Date().getTime();
+  };
+
+   // List of HTML entities for escaping.
+  var escapeMap = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#x27;',
+    '`': '&#x60;'
+  };
+  var unescapeMap = _.invert(escapeMap);
+
+  // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation.
+  var createEscaper = function(map) {
+    var escaper = function(match) {
+      return map[match];
+    };
+    // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped
+    var source = '(?:' + _.keys(map).join('|') + ')';
+    var testRegexp = RegExp(source);
+    var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g');
+    return function(string) {
+      string = string == null ? '' : '' + string;
+      return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string;
+    };
+  };
+  _.escape = createEscaper(escapeMap);
+  _.unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap);
+
+  // If the value of the named `property` is a function then invoke it with the
+  // `object` as context; otherwise, return it.
+  _.result = function(object, property) {
+    if (object == null) return void 0;
+    var value = object[property];
+    return _.isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
+  };
+
+  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+  var idCounter = 0;
+  _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
+    var id = ++idCounter + '';
+    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+  };
+
+  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
+  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
+  _.templateSettings = {
+    evaluate    : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    escape      : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+  };
+
+  // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
+  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
+  // guaranteed not to match.
+  var noMatch = /(.)^/;
+
+  // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
+  // string literal.
+  var escapes = {
+    "'":      "'",
+    '\\':     '\\',
+    '\r':     'r',
+    '\n':     'n',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g;
+
+  var escapeChar = function(match) {
+    return '\\' + escapes[match];
+  };
+
+  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
+  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
+  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+  // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility.
+  _.template = function(text, settings, oldSettings) {
+    if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings;
+    settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings);
+
+    // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
+    var matcher = RegExp([
+      (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
+    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
+
+    // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
+    var index = 0;
+    var source = "__p+='";
+    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
+      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escaper, escapeChar);
+      index = offset + match.length;
+
+      if (escape) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
+      } else if (interpolate) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
+      } else if (evaluate) {
+        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
+      }
+
+      // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offest.
+      return match;
+    });
+    source += "';\n";
+
+    // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
+    if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
+
+    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
+      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
+      source + 'return __p;\n';
+
+    try {
+      var render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
+    } catch (e) {
+      e.source = source;
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    var template = function(data) {
+      return render.call(this, data, _);
+    };
+
+    // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation.
+    var argument = settings.variable || 'obj';
+    template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}';
+
+    return template;
+  };
+
+  // Add a "chain" function. Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+  _.chain = function(obj) {
+    var instance = _(obj);
+    instance._chain = true;
+    return instance;
+  };
+
+  // OOP
+  // ---------------
+  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
+  // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
+  // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+
+  // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+  var result = function(obj) {
+    return this._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
+  };
+
+  // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
+  _.mixin = function(obj) {
+    _.each(_.functions(obj), function(name) {
+      var func = _[name] = obj[name];
+      _.prototype[name] = function() {
+        var args = [this._wrapped];
+        push.apply(args, arguments);
+        return result.call(this, func.apply(_, args));
+      };
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+  _.mixin(_);
+
+  // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var obj = this._wrapped;
+      method.apply(obj, arguments);
+      if ((name === 'shift' || name === 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
+      return result.call(this, obj);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _.prototype[name] = function() {
+      return result.call(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+  _.prototype.value = function() {
+    return this._wrapped;
+  };
+
+  // AMD registration happens at the end for compatibility with AMD loaders
+  // that may not enforce next-turn semantics on modules. Even though general
+  // practice for AMD registration is to be anonymous, underscore registers
+  // as a named module because, like jQuery, it is a base library that is
+  // popular enough to be bundled in a third party lib, but not be part of
+  // an AMD load request. Those cases could generate an error when an
+  // anonymous define() is called outside of a loader request.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define('underscore', [], function() {
+      return _;
+    });
+  }
+}.call(this));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/main.js b/src/main/webapp/js/main.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c34812e7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/main.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+//main.js
+/*
+/js
+js/main.js << main file for require.js
+--/libs/(jquery,backbone,etc.) << base libs
+--/goatApp/ << base dir for goat application, js-wise
+--/goatApp/model
+--/goatApp/view
+--/goatApp/support
+--/goatApp/controller
+*/
+
+require.config({
+  baseUrl: "js/",
+  paths: {
+    jquery: 'libs/jquery-1.10.2.min',
+    underscore: 'libs/underscore-min',
+    backbone: 'libs/backbone-min'//,
+  }
+,
+  shim: {
+    underscore: {
+      exports: "_"
+    },
+    backbone: {
+      deps: ['underscore', 'jquery'],
+      exports: 'Backbone'
+    }
+  }
+});
+
+require(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/goatApp'], function($,_,Backbone,Goat){
+  
+  Goat.initApp();
+  //var lessonController = new LessonController();
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file

From 7a5c8083f5cd757b7c92443f8cbc6a6e6234c35a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Sat, 25 Apr 2015 22:12:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 02/19] recent changes, commit prior to merge

---
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp    | 147 +++-----------
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js |  52 +++--
 .../js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js   |   3 +-
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js     |  22 ++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuData.js  |  57 ++++++
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js     | 189 ++++++++++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js      |  23 +++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   |   2 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js |  62 +++---
 9 files changed, 383 insertions(+), 174 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuData.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index e4216e756..c949d03e1 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -27,12 +27,7 @@
         <!--  end of CSS -->
 
         <!-- JS -->
-        <script src="js/jquery/jquery-1.10.2.min.js"></script>
-        <script src="js/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
-        <!-- angular modules -->
-        <script src="js/angular/angular-animate.min.js"></script>
-        <script src="js/angular/ui-bootstrap-tpls-0.11.0.min.js"></script>
-        <!-- Feature detection -->
+        
         <script src="js/modernizr-2.6.2.min.js"></script>
         <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->
         <!--[if lt IE 9]>
@@ -40,30 +35,14 @@
         <script src="js/respond.min.js"></script>
         <![endif]-->
 
-        <!--Global JS-->
-
-        <script src="js/jquery_form/jquery.form.js"></script>  
-        <script src="plugins/bootstrap/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
-
-        <script src="js/application.js"></script>
-        <script type="text/javascript">
-            var goat = angular.module("goatApp", ['ngAnimate', 'ui.bootstrap']);
-        </script>
-        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/goatConstants.js"></script>
-        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/goatUtil.js"></script>
-        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/goatData.js"></script>
-        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/goatLesson.js"></script>
-        <script type="text/javascript" src="js/goatControllers.js"></script>
-        <!-- end of JS -->
-
-
+        <!-- Require.js used to load js asynchronously -->
+        <script src="js/libs/require.min.js" data-main="js/main.js"></script>
 
         <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" />
         <title>WebGoat</title>
     </head>
-
-    <body class="animated fadeIn" ng-app="goatApp">
-        <section id="container" ng-controller="goatLesson">
+    <body>
+        <section id="container">
             <header id="header">
                 <!--logo start-->
                 <div class="brand">
@@ -80,7 +59,7 @@
                 </div><!--lesson title end-->
                 <div class="user-nav pull-right" style="margin-right: 75px;">
                     <div class="dropdown" style="display:inline">
-                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" id="dropdownMenu1" ng-disabled="disabled">
+                        <button type="button" class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" id="dropdownMenu1" >
                             <i class="fa fa-user"></i> <span class="caret"></span>
                         </button>                   
                         <ul class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-left" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenu1">
@@ -94,7 +73,7 @@
 
                         </ul>
                     </div>
-                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default right_nav_button" ng-click="showAbout()" data-toggle="tooltip" title="About WebGoat">
+                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-default right_nav_button" data-toggle="tooltip" title="About WebGoat">
                         <i class="fa fa-info"></i>
                     </button>
                     <a href="mailto:${contactEmail}?Subject=Webgoat%20feedback" target="_top">
@@ -107,26 +86,11 @@
                 </div>
             </header>
 
-            <!--sidebar left start-->
             <aside class="sidebar" >
-                <div id="leftside-navigation" ng-controller="goatMenu" class="nano">
-                    <ul class="nano-content">
-                        <li class="sub-menu" ng-repeat="item in menuTopics">
-                            <a ng-click="accordionMenu(item.id)" href=""><i class="fa {{item.class}}"></i><span>{{item.name}}</span></a><!-- expanded = !expanded-->
-                            <ul class="slideDown lessonsAndStages {{item.displayClass}}" id="{{item.id}}" isOpen=0>
-                                <li ng-repeat="lesson in item.children" class="{{lesson.selectedClass}}">
-                                    <a ng-click="renderLesson(lesson.id, lesson.link, {showSource: lesson.showSource, showHints: lesson.showHints})" id="{{lesson.id}}" class="{{lesson.selectedClass}}" title="link to {{lesson.name}}" href="">{{lesson.name}}</a><span class="{{lesson.completeClass}}"></span>
-                                    <span ng-repeat="stage in lesson.children">
-                                        <a ng-click="renderLesson(stage.id, stage.link, {showSource: stage.showSource, showHints: stage.showHints})" class="selectedClass" id="{{stage.id}}"  title="link to {{stage.name}}" href="">{{stage.name}}</a><span class="{{stage.completeClass}}"></span>
-                                    </span>
-                                </li>
-                            </ul>
-                        </li>
-                    </ul> 
-                </div>
-
+                <div id="menuContainer"></div>
             </aside>
             <!--sidebar left end-->
+
             <!--main content start-->
             <section class="main-content-wrapper">
                 <section id="main-content" > <!--ng-controller="goatLesson"-->
@@ -134,30 +98,25 @@
                         <div class="col-md-8">
                             <div class="col-md-12" align="left">
                                 <div class="panel">
-                                    <div class="panel-body">
-                                        <button type="button" id="showSourceBtn" ng-show="showSource" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" ng-click="showLessonSource()">Java [Source]</button>
-                                        <button type="button" id="showSolutionBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" ng-click="showLessonSolution()">Solution</button>
-                                        <button type="button" id="showPlanBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" ng-click="showLessonPlan()">Lesson Plan</button>
-                                        <button type="button" id="showHintsBtn" ng-show="showHints" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs"  ng-click="viewHints()">Hints</button>
-                                        <button type="button" id="restartLessonBtn"  class="btn btn-xs"  ng-click="restartLesson()">Restart Lesson</button>
+                                    <div id="help-buttons" class="panel-body">
+                                        <!-- <button type="button" id="showSourceBtn" ng-show="showSource" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonSource()">Java [Source]</button>
+                                        <button type="button" id="showSolutionBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonSolution()">Solution</button>
+                                        <button type="button" id="showPlanBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonPlan()">Lesson Plan</button>
+                                        <button type="button" id="showHintsBtn" ng-show="showHints" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs"  onclick="viewHints()">Hints</button>
+                                        <button type="button" id="restartLessonBtn"  class="btn btn-xs"  onclick="restartLesson()">Restart Lesson</button> -->
                                     </div>
                                 </div>
-                                <div class="lessonHelp" id="lesson_hint_row">
+                                <div class="lessonHelp" id="lesson-hint-row">
                                     <h4>Hints</h4>
                                     <div class="panel" >
                                         <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_hint">
-                                            <span class="glyphicon-class glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" id="showPrevHintBtn" ng-click="viewPrevHint()"></span>
-                                            <span class="glyphicon-class glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" id="showNextHintBtn" ng-click="viewNextHint()"></span>
+                                            <span class="glyphicon-class glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" id="showPrevHintBtn" onclick="viewPrevHint()"></span>
+                                            <span class="glyphicon-class glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" id="showNextHintBtn" onclick="viewNextHint()"></span>
                                             <br/>
                                             <span ng-show="showHints" bind-html-unsafe="curHint"></span>
                                             <!--<span id="curHintContainer"></span>-->
                                         </div>                                    
                                     </div>
-                                </div>
-                            </div>
-
-                            <div class="col-md-12">
-                                <div class="panel" >
                                     <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_content">    
                                         <b>This should default to the "How to Work with Webgoat" lesson</b>
                                     </div>
@@ -176,10 +135,10 @@
                                         <div id="cookiesAndParamsView">
                                             <div class="cookiesView">
                                                 <h4>Cookies</h4>
-                                                <div class="cookieContainer" ng-repeat="cookie in cookies">
+                                                <!-- <div class="cookieContainer" ng-repeat="cookie in cookies">
                                                     <table class="cookieTable table-striped table-nonfluid" >
                                                         <thead>
-                                                            <tr><th class="col-sm-1"></th><th class="col-sm-1"></th></tr> <!-- Field / Value -->
+                                                            <tr><th class="col-sm-1"></th><th class="col-sm-1"></th></tr> 
                                                         </thead>
                                                         <tbody>
                                                             <tr ng-repeat="(key, value) in cookie">
@@ -187,25 +146,11 @@
                                                                 <td>{{value}}</td>
                                                             </tr>
                                                         </tbody>
-                                                        <!--<li ng-repeat="(key, value) in cookie">{{key}} :: {{ value}} </td>-->
-                                                        <!--</ul>-->
                                                     </table>
-                                                </div>
+                                                </div> -->
                                             </div>
                                             <div id="paramsView"> <!--class="paramsView"-->
                                                 <h4>Params</h4>
-                                                <table class="paramsTable table-striped table-nonfluid" id="paramsTable">
-                                                    <thead>
-                                                        <tr><th>Param</th><th>Value</th></tr>
-                                                    </thead>
-                                                    <tbody>
-                                                        <tr ng-repeat="param in parameters">
-                                                            <td>{{param.name}}</td>
-                                                            <td>{{param.value}}</td>
-                                                        </tr>						
-                                                    </tbody>
-                                                </table>
-                                                </ul>
                                             </div>
                                         </div>
                                     </div>
@@ -214,44 +159,18 @@
                         </div><!--col-md-4 end-->         
                     </div>
                     <div id="lessonHelpsWrapper">
-                        <!--div class="row lessonHelp" id="lesson_hint_row">
-                            <div class="col-md-12">
-                                <h4>Hints</h4>
-                                <div class="panel" >
-                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_hint">
-                                        <span class="glyphicon-class glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-left" id="showPrevHintBtn" ng-click="viewPrevHint()"></span>
-                                        <span class="glyphicon-class glyphicon glyphicon-circle-arrow-right" id="showNextHintBtn" ng-click="viewNextHint()"></span>
-                                        <br/>
-                                        {{curHint}}
-                                    </div>                                    
-                                </div>
-                            </div>
-                        </div-->
-                        <div class="row lessonHelp" id="lesson_cookies_row">
+                        <div class="row lessonHelp" id="lesson-cookies-row">
                             <div class="col-md-12">
                                 <h4>Lesson Parameters and Cookies</h4>
-                                <div class="panel" >
-                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_cookies">	
-
-                                    </div>                                    
-                                </div>
+                                
                             </div>
                         </div>   
-                        <div class="row lessonHelp" id="lesson_hint_row">
-                            <div class="col-md-12">
-                                <h4>Lesson Hints</h4>
-                                <div class="panel" >
-                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_hint">	
 
-                                    </div>                                    
-                                </div>
-                            </div>
-                        </div>                 
-                        <div class="row lessonHelp" id="lesson_plan_row">
+                        <div class="row lessonHelp" id="lesson-plan-row">
                             <div class="col-md-12">
                                 <h4>Lesson Plan</h4>
                                 <div class="panel" >
-                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_plan">
+                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson-plan">
                                         <!-- allowing jQuery to handle this one -->
                                     </div>                                    
                                 </div>
@@ -271,7 +190,7 @@
                                 <h4>Lesson Source Code</h4>
                                 <div class="panel">
                                     <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_source">
-                                        <pre>{{source}}</pre>
+                                        <!-- <pre>{{source}}</pre> -->
                                     </div>                                    
                                 </div>
                             </div>
@@ -280,20 +199,8 @@
                 </section>
             </section>
 
-            <!--main content end-->
-
         </section>
 
-        <!--main content end-->
-
-        </section>
-
-        <script>
-            $(document).ready(function() {
-                //TODO merge appliction.js code into other js files
-                app.init();
-            });
-        </script>
 
         <!-- About WebGoat Modal -->
         <div class="modal fade" id="aboutModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel" aria-hidden="true">
@@ -304,4 +211,6 @@
             </div>
         </div>
     </body>
+
+
 </html>
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index 95319f609..6ad17e019 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -1,40 +1,38 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'libs/backbone',
-	'goatApp/model/LessonData'
+	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData',
+	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView'
 	], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
+	function($,_,Backbone,LessonContent) {
 		'use strict'
-		//private vars
+		
+		
+		var Controller = function(options) {
+			this.lessonView = options.lessonView;
+			this.lessonContent = new LessonContentData();
 
-		var controller = function() {
+			_.extend(this,Backbone.Events);
+			this.start = function() {
+				this.listenTo(this.lessonContent,'contentLoaded',this.onContentLoaded);
+			}
+
+			//load View, which can pull data
 			this.loadLesson = function(scr,menu) {
-				var curLessonData = new LessonData({
+				this.lessonContent.loadContent({
 					'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
 					'menu': encodeURIComponent(menu),
 				});
+
+				//this.registerListeners();
+			};
+
+			this.onContentLoaded = function() {
+				//this.lessonView  = new LessonContentView({content:LessonContent.content});
+				//this.lessonView.render();
+				console.debug('loading other stuff');
 			}
+			
 		};
-
-		return controller;
-
-	//var curScreen,curMenu;
-
-	//return { 
-	//	'screen':curScreen
-		// loadLesson called from the router to load the given lesson
-		/*loadLesson: function (src,curMenu) {
-			var curLesson = new LessonData({
-				'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
-				'menu': encodeURIComponent(curMenu),
-			});
-
-			//set listeners
-
-		},
-		restartLesson: function () {
-
-		}
-		//getters & setters*/
-	//};
+		return Controller;
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
index e1cf6807f..02773ebd6 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/goatMenu','goatApp/view/MenuView'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData,MenuView) {
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData','goatApp/view/MenuView'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuData,MenuView) {
 
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dee0b67b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
+
+	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+		urlRoot:null,
+		defaults: {
+			items:null,
+			selectedItem:null
+		},
+		initialize: function (options) {
+			this.baseUrlRoot = 'attack?Screen=';//
+		},
+		loadData: function(options) {
+			this.urlRoot = this.baseUrlRoot + +options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(content){
+				alert('content loaded');
+				self.content = content;
+				self.trigger('contentLoaded');
+			});
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuData.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67708c622
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuData.js
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//var goatApp = goatApp || {};
+
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+var menuData = Backbone.Model.extend({
+		urlRoot:'/webgoat/service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+		defaults: {
+			items:null,
+			selectedItem:null
+		},
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
+				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+				this.setDataItems(menuItems);
+			});
+		},
+	
+		update: function() {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems) {
+				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+				self.setDataItems(menuItems);
+			});
+		},
+
+		setDataItems: function (data) {
+			this.items = data;
+		}
+	});
+
+});
+
+/*
+var menuData = Backbone.Model.extend({
+		urlRoot:'/webgoat/service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+		defaults: {
+			items:null,
+			selectedItem:null
+		},
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
+				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+				self.items = menuItems;
+			});
+		},
+	
+		update: function() {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
+				self.items = data;
+				self.render(0);
+			});
+		}
+	});
+*/
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2e3e1c897
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+goat.utils = {
+    //TODO add recursion to handle arr[i].children objects
+    // ... in case lower-level's need classes as well ... don't right now
+    addMenuClasses: function(arr) {
+        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+            var menuItem = arr[i];
+            //console.log(menuItem);
+            if (menuItem.type && menuItem.type === 'CATEGORY') {
+                menuItem.class = 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
+            }
+        }
+        return arr;
+    },
+    debugFormSubmission: false,
+    // pre-submit callback 
+    showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
+        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+            // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
+            // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
+            var queryString = $.param(formData);
+
+            // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element.  To access the 
+            // DOM element for the form do this: 
+            // var formElement = jqForm[0]; 
+
+            alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);
+        }
+        // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; 
+        // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue 
+        return true;
+    },
+    // post-submit callback 
+    showResponse: function(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
+        // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback 
+        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property 
+
+        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
+        // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback 
+        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property 
+
+        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
+        // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
+        // is the json data object returned by the server 
+        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+            alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
+                    '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
+        }
+        // update lesson cookies and params
+        // make any embedded forms ajaxy
+        goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
+        // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
+        // but these are safe to call twice
+        goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
+        goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
+        //refresh menu
+        angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
+    },
+    makeFormsAjax: function() {
+        // make all forms ajax forms
+        var options = {
+            target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
+            beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+            success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+
+                    // other available options: 
+                    //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
+                    //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
+                    //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
+                    //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
+                    //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
+
+                    // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
+                    //timeout:   3000 
+        };
+        //console.log("Hooking any lesson forms to make them ajax");
+        $("form").ajaxForm(options);
+    },
+    displayButton: function(id, show) {
+        if ($('#' + id)) {
+            if (show) {
+                $('#' + id).show();
+            } else {
+                $('#' + id).hide();
+            }
+        }
+    },
+    showLessonCookiesAndParams: function() {
+        $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {}, function(reply) {
+            $("#lesson_cookies").html(reply);
+        }, "html");
+    },
+    showLessonHints: function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $('#lesson_hint').html();
+        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
+    },
+    showLessonSource: function(source) {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
+        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    },
+    showLessonSolution: function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
+        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    },
+    showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
+        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    },
+    scrollToHelp: function() {
+        $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
+        var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
+        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+    },
+    scrollToTop: function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        var target = $('#container');
+        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+    },
+    scrollEasy: function(target) {
+        $('html,body').animate({
+            scrollTop: target.offset().top
+        }, 1000);
+    },
+    scrapeParams: function(url) {
+        if (!url) {
+            return;
+        }
+        var params = url.split('?')[1].split('&');
+        var paramsArr = [];
+        for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+            var paramObj = {};
+            paramObj.name = params[i].split('=')[0];
+            paramObj.value = params[i].split('=')[1];
+            paramsArr.push(paramObj);
+        }
+        return paramsArr;
+    },
+    highlightCurrentLessonMenu: function(id) {
+        //TODO: move selectors in first two lines into goatConstants
+        $('ul li.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
+        $('ul li.selected a.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
+        $('#' + id).addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
+        $('#' + id).parent().addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
+    },
+    makeId: function(lessonName) {
+        return lessonName.replace(/\s|\(|\)|\!|\:|\;|\@|\#|\$|\%|\^|\&|\*/g, '');//TODO move the replace routine into util function
+    },
+    ajaxifyAttackHref: function() {
+        /* Jason I commented this implementation out
+         * I think we should show the attack link on the lessons that need it by modifying the lesson
+         * itself or we could add a new button up top for "show lesson link"      
+         $.each($('a[href^="attack?"]'),
+         function(i,el) {
+         var url = $(el).attr('href');
+         $(el).attr('href','#');
+         $(el).attr('link',url);
+         //TODO pull currentMenuId
+         $(el).click(
+         function() {
+         var _url = $(el).attr('link');
+         $.get(_url, {success:showResponse});
+         }
+         )
+         }
+         );
+         */
+        // alternate implementation
+        // unbind any bound events so we are safe to be called twice
+        $('#lesson_content a').unbind('click');
+        $('#lesson_content a').bind('click', function(event) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            $.get(this.href, {}, function(response) {
+                $('#lesson_content').html(response);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+};
+
+
+$(window).resize(function() {
+    //$('#leftside-navigation').css('height',$('div.panel-body').height());
+    console.log($(window).height());
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0f89101a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+//LessonContentView
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData'], 
+function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
+	var contentView = Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonContent',
+		initialize: function(options) {
+			//this.content = options.content;
+			this.lessonData = {};
+			this.listenTo(this.lessonData,'sync',this.render);
+		},
+		loadLesson: function(options) {
+			this.lessonData = new LessonData(options.screen,options.menu);
+			
+		},
+		render: function() {
+			alert('render');
+			this.$el.html(this.content);
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index 091cd37cf..1e1872508 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/goatMenu'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData) {
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData) {
 
 	return  Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#menuContainer',
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
index eb4f77e58..1b5fa441a 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
@@ -1,34 +1,44 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
-	'goatApp/controller/LessonController'
-	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController) {
-	var GoatAppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
-		routes: {
-			//#....
-			'welcome':'welcomeRoute',
-			'attack/:scr/:menu':'attackRoute' //	
-		},
-		lessonController: new LessonController()
-	});
+	'goatApp/controller/LessonController',
+	'goatApp/controller/MenuController',
+	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView',
+	'goatApp/view/MenuView'
+	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonView,MenuView) {
 
-
-
-	var init = function() {
-		goatRouter =  new GoatAppRouter();
-
-		goatRouter.on('route:attackRoute', function(scr,menu) {
-			this.lessonController.loadLesson(scr,menu);
+		var lessonView = new LessonContentView();
+		var menuView = new MenuView(); 
+		var GoatAppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
+			routes: {
+				//#....
+				'welcome':'welcomeRoute',
+				'attack/:scr/:menu':'attackRoute' //	
+			},
+			lessoonController: lessoonController({
+				lessonView:lessonView
+			}),
+			menuView: new MenuController({
+				menuView:menuView
+			});
 		});
-		goatRouter.on('route:welcomeRoute', function() {
-			alert('welcome route');
-		});
-		// init the history/router
-		Backbone.history.start();
-	}
 
-	return {
-		init:init
-	};
+		var init = function() {
+			goatRouter =  new GoatAppRouter();
+
+			goatRouter.on('route:attackRoute', function(scr,menu) {
+				this.lessonController.loadLesson(scr,menu);
+				//update menu
+			});
+			goatRouter.on('route:welcomeRoute', function() {
+				alert('welcome route');
+			});
+			// init the history/router
+			Backbone.history.start();
+		}
+
+		return {
+			init:init
+		};
 
 });
\ No newline at end of file

From f85132284f722cfe05b6ea070140a48773908a2d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Thu, 7 May 2015 18:19:10 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 03/19] recent merge from upstream

---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js         |   3 +-
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js     |  20 --
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js  |  32 ---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js  |  22 --
 .../js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js      |   2 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js |   4 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js           |  35 ---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js         | 265 ------------------
 src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js                |  44 ---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js              | 110 --------
 src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js                | 189 -------------
 src/main/webapp/js/main.js                    |   5 +-
 12 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 724 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
index 3086375c9..b761ce114 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/goatRouter','goatApp/cont
 		return {
 			initApp: function() {
 				//TODO: add query/ability to load from where they left off 
-				Router.init();
+				console.log('initApp')
+				//Router.init();
 			}
 		}
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ca625d70c..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonData.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
-
-	return Backbone.Model.extend({
-		urlRoot:null,
-		defaults: {
-			items:null,
-			selectedItem:null
-		},
-		initialize: function (options) {
-			var self = this;
-			this.urlRoot = 'attack.jsp?Screen='+options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
-			this.fetch().then(function(content){
-				self.lessonContent = content
-			});
-		},
-		getHint: function (i) {
-
-		}
-	});
-});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js
deleted file mode 100644
index d4a017962..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/goatMenu.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-//var goatApp = goatApp || {};
-
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
-
-var menuData = Backbone.Model.extend({
-		urlRoot:'/webgoat/service/lessonmenu.mvc',
-		defaults: {
-			items:null,
-			selectedItem:null
-		},
-		initialize: function () {
-			var self = this;
-			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
-				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
-				this.setDataItems(menuItems);
-			});
-		},
-	
-		update: function() {
-			var self = this;
-			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems) {
-				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
-				self.setDataItems(menuItems);
-			});
-		},
-
-		setDataItems: function (data) {
-			this.items = data;
-		}
-	});
-
-});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 94cb506a5..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/menuData.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-var menuData = Backbone.Model.extend({
-		urlRoot:'/webgoat/service/lessonmenu.mvc',
-		defaults: {
-			items:null,
-			selectedItem:null
-		},
-		initialize: function () {
-			var self = this;
-			this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
-				menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
-				self.items = menuItems;
-			});
-		},
-	
-		update: function() {
-			var self = this;
-			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
-				self.items = data;
-				self.render(0);
-			});
-		}
-	});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
index e0f89101a..653b8abe4 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -20,4 +20,6 @@ function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
 			this.$el.html(this.content);
 		}
 	});
+
+	return contentView;
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
index 1b5fa441a..6b5a21a2d 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/goatRouter.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/controller/MenuController',
 	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView',
 	'goatApp/view/MenuView'
-	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonView,MenuView) {
+	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonContentView,MenuView) {
 
 		var lessonView = new LessonContentView();
 		var menuView = new MenuView(); 
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 			}),
 			menuView: new MenuController({
 				menuView:menuView
-			});
+			})
 		});
 
 		var init = function() {
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 793344f46..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-//goatConstants
-
-var goatConstants = {
-	CATEGORYCLASS:'fa-angle-right pull-right',
-	lessonCompleteClass:'glyphicon glyphicon-check lessonComplete',
-	selectedMenuClass:'selected',
-	keepOpenClass:'keepOpen',
-	menuPrefix : [
-		{
-		name:'LESSONS',
-		type:'STATIC',
-		complete:false,
-		link:'',
-		children:null,
-		class:'fa-bars static'
-	}],
-	//services
-	lessonService: 'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
-	cookieService: 'service/cookie.mvc', //cookies_widget.mvc
-	hintService:'service/hint.mvc',
-	sourceService:'service/source.mvc',
-	solutionService:'service/solution.mvc',
-	lessonPlanService:'service/lessonplan.mvc',
-	menuService: 'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
-	lessonTitleService: 'service/lessontitle.mvc',
-	restartLessonService: 'service/restartlesson.mvc',
-	
-	// literal messages
-	notFound: 'Could not find',
-	noHints: 'There are no hints defined.',
-	noSourcePulled: 'No source was retrieved for this lesson'
-	
-};
-
-
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2d3c31d19..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
-//main goat application file
-//TODO: reorg
-
-/* ### GOAT CONTROLLERS ### */
-
-/* menu controller */
-var goatMenu = function($scope, $http, $modal, $log, $templateCache) {
-    $scope.cookies = [];
-    $scope.params = [];
-    $scope.renderMenu = function() {
-        goat.data.loadMenu($http).then(//$http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonService})
-                function(menuData) {
-                    var menuItems = goat.utils.addMenuClasses(goatConstants.menuPrefix.concat(menuData.data));
-                    //top-tier 'categories'
-                    for (var i = 0; i < menuItems.length; i++) {
-                        menuItems[i].id = goat.utils.makeId(menuItems[i].name);//TODO move the replace routine into util function
-                        menuItems[i].displayClass = ($scope.openMenu === menuItems[i].id) ? goatConstants.keepOpenClass : '';
-                        if (menuItems[i].children) {
-                            for (var j = 0; j < menuItems[i].children.length; j++) {
-                                menuItems[i].children[j].id = goat.utils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].name);
-                                //handle selected Menu state
-                                if (menuItems[i].children[j].id === $scope.curMenuItemSelected) {
-                                    menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
-                                    menuItems[i].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
-                                }
-                                //handle complete state
-                                if (menuItems[i].children[j].complete) {
-                                    menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = goatConstants.lessonCompleteClass;
-                                } else {
-                                    menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = '';
-                                }
-                                if (menuItems[i].children[j].children) {
-                                    for (var k = 0; k < menuItems[i].children[j].children.length; k++) {
-                                        //TODO make utility function for name >> id
-                                        menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = goat.utils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name);
-                                        //menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name.replace(/\s|\(|\)/g,'');
-                                        //handle selected Menu state
-                                        if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id === $scope.curMenuItemSelected) {
-                                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
-                                            menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
-                                        }
-                                        //handle complete state
-                                        if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].complete) {
-                                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = goatConstants.lessonCompleteClass;
-                                        } else {
-                                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = ''
-                                        }
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    $scope.menuTopics = menuItems;
-                    //
-                    if ($scope.openMenu) {
-                        $('ul' + $scope.openMenu).show();
-                    }
-
-                },
-                function(error) {
-                    // TODO - handle this some way other than an alert
-                    console.error("Error rendering menu: " + error);
-                }
-        );
-    };
-
-    $scope.renderLesson = function(id, url, showControls) {//TODO convert to single object parameter
-        $scope.hintIndex = 0;
-        var curScope = $scope;
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        // clean up menus, mark selected
-        $scope.curMenuItemSelected = id;
-        goat.utils.highlightCurrentLessonMenu(id);
-        curScope.parameters = goat.utils.scrapeParams(url);
-        // lesson content
-        goat.data.loadLessonContent($http, url).then(
-                function(reply) {
-                    goat.data.loadLessonTitle($http).then(
-                            function(reply) {
-                                $("#lessonTitle").text(reply.data);
-                            }
-                    );
-                    //TODO encode html or get angular js portion working
-                    $("#lesson_content").html(reply.data);
-                    //hook forms and links (safe to call twice)
-                    // links are hooked with each lesson now (see Java class Screen.getContent())
-                    goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();// inject form?
-                    goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref();
-                    $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)//TODO: get ride of fixed value (15)here
-                    //notifies goatLesson Controller of the less change
-                    $scope.$emit('lessonUpdate', {params: curScope.parameters, 'showControls': showControls});
-                }
-        )
-        $scope.renderMenu();
-    };
-    $scope.accordionMenu = function(id) {
-        if ($('ul#' + id).attr('isOpen') == 0) {
-            $scope.expandMe = true;
-        } else {
-            $('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
-            return;
-        }
-        $scope.openMenu = id;
-        $('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
-        if ($scope.expandMe) {
-            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
-        }
-    }
-    $scope.renderMenu();
-    // runs on first loadcan be augmented later to '
-    // resume' for a given user ... currently kluged to start at fixed lesson
-    var url = 'attack?Screen=32&menu=5';
-    angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderLesson(null, url);
-}
-
-/* lesson controller */
-var goatLesson = function($scope, $http, $log) {
-
-    $('#hintsView').hide();
-    // adjust menu to lessonContent size if necssary
-    //cookies
-
-    $scope.$on('lessonUpdate', function(params) {
-        $scope.parameters = arguments[1].params;
-        $scope.showHints = (arguments[1].showControls && arguments[1].showControls.showHints);
-        $scope.showSource = (arguments[1].showControls && arguments[1].showControls.showSource);
-        curScope = $scope; //TODO .. update below, this curScope is probably not needed
-        goat.data.loadCookies($http).then(
-                function(resp) {
-                    curScope.cookies = resp.data;
-                }
-        );
-        //hints
-        curScope.hintIndex = 0;
-        if ($scope.showHints) {
-            goat.data.loadHints($http).then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        curScope.hints = resp.data;
-                        if (curScope.hints.length > 0 && curScope.hints[0].hint.indexOf(goatConstants.noHints) === -1) {
-                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn', true);
-                        } else {
-                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn', false);
-                        }
-                    }
-            );
-        } else {
-            $scope.hints = null;
-            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn', false);
-        }
-        //source
-        if ($scope.showSource) {
-            goat.data.loadSource($http).then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        curScope.source = resp.data;
-                    }
-            );
-        } else {
-            $scope.source = goatConstants.noSourcePulled;
-        }
-
-        //plan
-        goat.data.loadPlan($http).then(
-                function(resp) {
-                    curScope.plan = resp.data;
-                }
-        );
-        //solution
-        goat.data.loadSolution($http).then(
-                function(resp) {
-                    curScope.solution = resp.data;
-                }
-        );
-    });
-
-    //goat.utils.scrollToTop();
-
-
-    $scope.showLessonSource = function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    }
-
-    $scope.showLessonPlan = function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $("#lesson_plan").html($scope.plan);
-        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    }
-
-    $scope.showLessonSolution = function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $("#lesson_solution").html($scope.solution);
-        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    }
-
-    $scope.manageHintButtons = function() {
-        if ($scope.hintIndex === $scope.hints.length - 1) {
-            $('#showNextHintBtn').css('visibility', 'hidden');
-        } else if ($scope.hintIndex < $scope.hints.length - 1) {
-            $('#showNextHintBtn').css('visibility', 'visible');
-        }
-        //
-        if ($scope.hintIndex === 0) {
-            $('#showPrevHintBtn').css('visibility', 'hidden');
-        } else if ($scope.hintIndex > 0) {
-            $('#showPrevHintBtn').css('visibility', 'visible');
-        }
-    };
-
-    $scope.viewHints = function() {
-        if (!$scope.hints) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
-        //goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-        //TODO
-        $scope.curHint = $scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint;
-        //$scope.curHint = $sce.trustAsHtml($scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint);
-        //TODO get html binding workin in the UI ... in the meantime ...
-        //$scope.renderCurHint();
-        $scope.manageHintButtons();
-    };
-
-    $scope.viewNextHint = function() {
-        $scope.hintIndex++;
-        $scope.curHint = $scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint;
-        $scope.renderCurHint();
-        $scope.manageHintButtons();
-    };
-
-    $scope.viewPrevHint = function() {
-        $scope.hintIndex--;
-        $scope.curHint = $scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint;
-        $scope.renderCurHint();
-        $scope.manageHintButtons();
-    };
-
-    $scope.renderCurHint = function() {
-        $('#curHintContainer').html($scope.curHint);
-    }
-
-    $scope.hideHints = function() {
-
-    };
-
-    $scope.restartLesson = function() {
-        goat.data.loadRestart($http).then(
-                function(resp) {
-                    angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderLesson(null, resp.data, {showSource: $scope.showSource, showHints: $scope.showHints});
-                }
-        )
-    }
-
-    $scope.showAbout = function() {
-        $('#aboutModal').modal({
-            //remote: 'about.mvc'
-        });
-    };
-}
-
-
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js
deleted file mode 100644
index b01f0f873..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,44 +0,0 @@
-/* ### GOAT DATA/PROMISES ### */
-
-goat.data = {
-    /**** jQuery loads ... ****/
-    loadLessonContent: function ($http,_url) {
-    //TODO: switch to $http (angular) later
-        return $http({method:'GET', url: _url});
-    //return $.get(_url, {}, null, "html");
-    },
-    loadCookies: function($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.cookieService});
-        //return $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {});
-    },
-    loadHints: function ($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.hintService});
-        //return $.get(goatConstants.hintService, {});
-    },
-    loadSource: function($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.sourceService});
-        //return $.get(goatConstants.sourceService, {});
-    },
-    loadSolution: function ($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.solutionService});
-        //return $.get(goatConstants.solutionService, {});
-    },
-    loadPlan: function ($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonPlanService});
-        //return $.get(goatConstants.lessonPlanService, {});
-    },
-    loadParams: function($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.paramsService});
-        //return $.get(goatConstants.paramsService,{});
-    },
-    loadMenu: function($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonService});
-    },
-    loadLessonTitle: function ($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonTitleService});
-    },
-    loadRestart: function ($http) {
-        return $http({method: 'GET', url:goatConstants.restartLessonService})
-    }
-    
-};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ad6939c4c..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,110 +0,0 @@
-// goat.lesson name space
-goat.lesson = {
-    CurLesson: function(_lessonUrl) {
-        return {
-            hints:[],
-            hintIndex:0,
-            solution:null,
-            plan:null,
-            cookiesAndParams:[],
-            params:[],
-            source:null,
-            lessonUrl:(_lessonUrl || null),
-            clearInfo: function() {
-                this.hints = null;
-                this.solution = null;
-                this.plan = null;
-                this.cookies = null;
-                this.source = null;
-                this.params = null;
-            },
-            loadInfo: function() {
-                this.getHints();
-                this.getPlan();
-                this.getSolution();
-                this.getCookies();
-                this.getSource();
-                this.getParams();
-            },
-            getHints:function() {
-                var scope = this;
-                goat.data.loadHints().then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        scope.hints = resp.data;
-                        if (scope.hints.length > 0 && scope.hints[0].hint.indexOf(goatConstants.noHints) === -1) {
-                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn',true);
-                        } else {
-                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn',false);
-                        }
-                        return scope;
-                    },
-                    function(err){
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn',false);
-                        //TODO handle errors
-                    }
-                );
-            },
-            getSolution:function() {
-                var scope = this;
-                goat.data.loadSolution().then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        scope.solution = resp.data;
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSolutionBtn',true);
-                        $('#showSolutionBtn').unbind().click(goat.utils.showLessonSolution);
-                        return scope;
-                    },
-                    function(err){
-                        scope.solution = null;
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSolutionBtn',false);
-                        //TODO handle errors
-                    }
-                );                
-            },
-            getPlan: function() {
-                var scope = this;
-                goat.data.loadPlan().then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        scope.plan = resp.data;
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showPlanBtn',true);
-                        $('#showPlanBtn').unbind().click(goat.utils.showLessonPlan);
-                        return scope;
-                    },
-                    function(err){
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showPlanBtn',false);
-                        //TODO handle errors
-                    }
-                );
-            },
-            getSource: function() {
-                var scope = this;
-                goat.data.loadSource().then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        scope.source = resp.data;
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSourceBtn',true);
-                        $('#showSourceBtn').unbind().click(goat.utils.showLessonSource);
-                        return scope;
-                    },
-                    function(err){
-                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSourceBtn',false);
-                        //TODO handle errors
-                    }
-                );
-            },
-            getCookies: function() {
-                var scope = this;
-                goat.data.loadCookies().then(
-                    function(resp) {
-                        scope.cookies = resp.data;
-                        return scope;
-                    },
-                    function(err){
-                        //TODO handle errors
-                    }
-                );
-            },
-            getParams: function() {
-                this.params = goat.utils.scrapeParams(this.lessonUrl);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e3e1c897..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-goat.utils = {
-    //TODO add recursion to handle arr[i].children objects
-    // ... in case lower-level's need classes as well ... don't right now
-    addMenuClasses: function(arr) {
-        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-            var menuItem = arr[i];
-            //console.log(menuItem);
-            if (menuItem.type && menuItem.type === 'CATEGORY') {
-                menuItem.class = 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
-            }
-        }
-        return arr;
-    },
-    debugFormSubmission: false,
-    // pre-submit callback 
-    showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
-        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
-            // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
-            // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
-            var queryString = $.param(formData);
-
-            // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element.  To access the 
-            // DOM element for the form do this: 
-            // var formElement = jqForm[0]; 
-
-            alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);
-        }
-        // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; 
-        // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue 
-        return true;
-    },
-    // post-submit callback 
-    showResponse: function(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
-        // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property 
-
-        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
-        // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property 
-
-        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
-        // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the json data object returned by the server 
-        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
-            alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
-                    '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
-        }
-        // update lesson cookies and params
-        // make any embedded forms ajaxy
-        goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
-        // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
-        // but these are safe to call twice
-        goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
-        goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
-        //refresh menu
-        angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
-    },
-    makeFormsAjax: function() {
-        // make all forms ajax forms
-        var options = {
-            target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
-            beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-            success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-
-                    // other available options: 
-                    //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
-                    //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
-                    //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
-                    //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
-                    //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
-
-                    // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
-                    //timeout:   3000 
-        };
-        //console.log("Hooking any lesson forms to make them ajax");
-        $("form").ajaxForm(options);
-    },
-    displayButton: function(id, show) {
-        if ($('#' + id)) {
-            if (show) {
-                $('#' + id).show();
-            } else {
-                $('#' + id).hide();
-            }
-        }
-    },
-    showLessonCookiesAndParams: function() {
-        $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {}, function(reply) {
-            $("#lesson_cookies").html(reply);
-        }, "html");
-    },
-    showLessonHints: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_hint').html();
-        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
-    },
-    showLessonSource: function(source) {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
-        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    showLessonSolution: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
-        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
-        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    scrollToHelp: function() {
-        $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
-        var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
-        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
-    },
-    scrollToTop: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        var target = $('#container');
-        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
-    },
-    scrollEasy: function(target) {
-        $('html,body').animate({
-            scrollTop: target.offset().top
-        }, 1000);
-    },
-    scrapeParams: function(url) {
-        if (!url) {
-            return;
-        }
-        var params = url.split('?')[1].split('&');
-        var paramsArr = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
-            var paramObj = {};
-            paramObj.name = params[i].split('=')[0];
-            paramObj.value = params[i].split('=')[1];
-            paramsArr.push(paramObj);
-        }
-        return paramsArr;
-    },
-    highlightCurrentLessonMenu: function(id) {
-        //TODO: move selectors in first two lines into goatConstants
-        $('ul li.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
-        $('ul li.selected a.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
-        $('#' + id).addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
-        $('#' + id).parent().addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
-    },
-    makeId: function(lessonName) {
-        return lessonName.replace(/\s|\(|\)|\!|\:|\;|\@|\#|\$|\%|\^|\&|\*/g, '');//TODO move the replace routine into util function
-    },
-    ajaxifyAttackHref: function() {
-        /* Jason I commented this implementation out
-         * I think we should show the attack link on the lessons that need it by modifying the lesson
-         * itself or we could add a new button up top for "show lesson link"      
-         $.each($('a[href^="attack?"]'),
-         function(i,el) {
-         var url = $(el).attr('href');
-         $(el).attr('href','#');
-         $(el).attr('link',url);
-         //TODO pull currentMenuId
-         $(el).click(
-         function() {
-         var _url = $(el).attr('link');
-         $.get(_url, {success:showResponse});
-         }
-         )
-         }
-         );
-         */
-        // alternate implementation
-        // unbind any bound events so we are safe to be called twice
-        $('#lesson_content a').unbind('click');
-        $('#lesson_content a').bind('click', function(event) {
-            event.preventDefault();
-            $.get(this.href, {}, function(response) {
-                $('#lesson_content').html(response);
-            });
-        });
-    }
-};
-
-
-$(window).resize(function() {
-    //$('#leftside-navigation').css('height',$('div.panel-body').height());
-    console.log($(window).height());
-});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/main.js b/src/main/webapp/js/main.js
index c34812e7c..c13226939 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/main.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/main.js
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ require.config({
   paths: {
     jquery: 'libs/jquery-1.10.2.min',
     underscore: 'libs/underscore-min',
-    backbone: 'libs/backbone-min'//,
+    backbone: 'libs/backbone-min'
   }
 ,
   shim: {
@@ -30,8 +30,5 @@ require.config({
 });
 
 require(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/goatApp'], function($,_,Backbone,Goat){
-  
   Goat.initApp();
-  //var lessonController = new LessonController();
-
 });
\ No newline at end of file

From 53c4ffc1cf0d5425bbddc701a28583f798c8d70d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 12 May 2015 19:04:53 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 04/19] update for client side routing menu links

---
 .../org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java  | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
index 36aab1e60..28cb7418b 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ public abstract class AbstractLesson extends Screen implements Comparable<Object
      * return "*.do"-styled paths.</p>
      */
     protected String getPath() {
-        return "attack";
+        return "#attack";
     }
 
     /**
@@ -562,13 +562,13 @@ public abstract class AbstractLesson extends Screen implements Comparable<Object
         StringBuffer link = new StringBuffer();
 
         // mvc update:
-        link.append(getPath()).append("?");
-        link.append(WebSession.SCREEN);
-        link.append("=");
+        link.append(getPath()).append("/");
+        //link.append(WebSession.SCREEN);
+        //link.append("=");
         link.append(getScreenId());
-        link.append("&");
-        link.append(WebSession.MENU);
-        link.append("=");
+        link.append("/");
+        //link.append(WebSession.MENU);
+        //link.append("=");
         link.append(getCategory().getRanking());
         return link.toString();
     }

From 8aa4b8109faf4f3dc2b633492eb058701075edc4 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 12 May 2015 22:32:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 05/19] incremental progress on new UI code, mod to
 AbstractLesson for menu

---
 .../owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java |    4 -
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp    |    7 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js  | 1805 +++++++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js   |    2 +
 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js       | 1608 +++++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js |    6 +
 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js     | 1416 +++++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js |   22 +-
 .../js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js   |   17 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js         |   10 +-
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js     |   39 +-
 .../js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js    |   21 +
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js  |   51 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js |   46 +
 .../js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js      |   18 +-
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js    |   14 +
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   |   16 +-
 17 files changed, 5061 insertions(+), 41 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
index 28cb7418b..2b0888943 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
@@ -563,12 +563,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractLesson extends Screen implements Comparable<Object
 
         // mvc update:
         link.append(getPath()).append("/");
-        //link.append(WebSession.SCREEN);
-        //link.append("=");
         link.append(getScreenId());
         link.append("/");
-        //link.append(WebSession.MENU);
-        //link.append("=");
         link.append(getCategory().getRanking());
         return link.toString();
     }
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index c949d03e1..2aaf174a7 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -117,9 +117,10 @@
                                             <!--<span id="curHintContainer"></span>-->
                                         </div>                                    
                                     </div>
-                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_content">    
-                                        <b>This should default to the "How to Work with Webgoat" lesson</b>
-                                    </div>
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <div class="col-md-12" align="left">
+                                <div id="lessonContentWrapper" class="panel">
 
                                 </div>
                             </div>
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43002aa18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1805 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.2
+
+//     (c) 2010-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(root, factory) {
+
+  // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
+      // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
+      // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
+      root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
+    });
+
+  // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
+  } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    var _ = require('underscore');
+    factory(root, exports, _);
+
+  // Finally, as a browser global.
+  } else {
+    root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
+  }
+
+}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
+
+  // Initial Setup
+  // -------------
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+  var array = [];
+  var slice = array.slice;
+
+  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
+
+  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+  // the `$` variable.
+  Backbone.$ = $;
+
+  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+  // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+  // `application/json` requests ... this will encode the body as
+  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+  // form param named `model`.
+  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+  // Backbone.Events
+  // ---------------
+
+  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // succession.
+  //
+  //     var object = {};
+  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+  //     object.trigger('expand');
+  //
+  var Events = Backbone.Events = {};
+
+  // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+  // Iterates over the standard `event, callback` (as well as the fancy multiple
+  // space-separated events `"change blur", callback` and jQuery-style event
+  // maps `{event: callback}`), reducing them by manipulating `events`.
+  // Passes a normalized (single event name and callback), as well as the `context`
+  // and `ctx` arguments to `iteratee`.
+  var eventsApi = function(iteratee, memo, name, callback, context, ctx) {
+    var i = 0, names, length;
+    if (name && typeof name === 'object') {
+      // Handle event maps.
+      for (names = _.keys(name), length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
+        memo = iteratee(memo, names[i], name[names[i]], context, ctx);
+      }
+    } else if (name && eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+      // Handle space separated event names.
+      for (names = name.split(eventSplitter), length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
+        memo = iteratee(memo, names[i], callback, context, ctx);
+      }
+    } else {
+      memo = iteratee(memo, name, callback, context, ctx);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+  // the callback to all events fired.
+  Events.on = function(name, callback, context) {
+    this._events = eventsApi(onApi, this._events || {}, name, callback, context, this);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `on`. Tell *this* object to listen to
+  // an event in another object... keeping track of what it's listening to.
+  Events.listenTo =  function(obj, name, callback) {
+    if (!obj) return this;
+    var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+    var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+    var listening = listeningTo[id];
+
+    // This object is not listening to any other events on `obj` yet.
+    // Setup the necessary references to track the listening callbacks.
+    if (!listening) {
+      listening = listeningTo[id] = {obj: obj, events: {}};
+      id = this._listenId || (this._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+      var listeners = obj._listeners || (obj._listeners = {});
+      listeners[id] = this;
+    }
+
+    // Bind callbacks on obj, and keep track of them on listening.
+    obj.on(name, callback, this);
+    listening.events = eventsApi(onApi, listening.events, name, callback);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // The reducing API that adds a callback to the `events` object.
+  var onApi = function(events, name, callback, context, ctx) {
+    if (callback) {
+      var handlers = events[name] || (events[name] = []);
+      handlers.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || ctx});
+    }
+    return events;
+  };
+
+  // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+  // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+  // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+  // callbacks for all events.
+  Events.off =  function(name, callback, context) {
+    if (!this._events) return this;
+    this._events = eventsApi(offApi, this._events, name, callback, context);
+
+    var listeners = this._listeners;
+    if (listeners) {
+      // Listeners always bind themselves as the context, so if `context`
+      // is passed, narrow down the search to just that listener.
+      var ids = context != null ? [context._listenId] : _.keys(listeners);
+
+      for (var i = 0, length = ids.length; i < length; i++) {
+        var listener = listeners[ids[i]];
+
+        // Bail out if listener isn't listening.
+        if (!listener) break;
+
+        // Tell each listener to stop, without infinitely calling `#off`.
+        internalStopListening(listener, this, name, callback);
+      }
+      if (_.isEmpty(listeners)) this._listeners = void 0;
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+  // to every object it's currently listening to.
+  Events.stopListening =  function(obj, name, callback) {
+    // Use an internal stopListening, telling it to call off on `obj`.
+    if (this._listeningTo) internalStopListening(this, obj, name, callback, true);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // The reducing API that removes a callback from the `events` object.
+  var offApi = function(events, name, callback, context) {
+    // Remove all callbacks for all events.
+    if (!events || !name && !context && !callback) return;
+
+    var names = name ? [name] : _.keys(events);
+    for (var i = 0, length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
+      name = names[i];
+      var handlers = events[name];
+
+      // Bail out if there are no events stored.
+      if (!handlers) break;
+
+      // Find any remaining events.
+      var remaining = [];
+      if (callback || context) {
+        for (var j = 0, k = handlers.length; j < k; j++) {
+          var handler = handlers[j];
+          if (
+            callback && callback !== handler.callback &&
+              callback !== handler.callback._callback ||
+                context && context !== handler.context
+          ) {
+            remaining.push(handler);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Replace events if there are any remaining.  Otherwise, clean up.
+      if (remaining.length) {
+        events[name] = remaining;
+      } else {
+        delete events[name];
+      }
+    }
+    if (!_.isEmpty(events)) return events;
+  };
+
+  var internalStopListening = function(listener, obj, name, callback, offEvents) {
+    var listeningTo = listener._listeningTo;
+    var ids = obj ? [obj._listenId] : _.keys(listeningTo);
+    for (var i = 0, length = ids.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var id = ids[i];
+      var listening = listeningTo[id];
+
+      // If listening doesn't exist, this object is not currently
+      // listening to obj. Break out early.
+      if (!listening) break;
+      obj = listening.obj;
+      if (offEvents) obj._events = eventsApi(offApi, obj._events, name, callback, listener);
+
+      // Events will only ever be falsey if all the event callbacks
+      // are removed. If so, stop delete the listening.
+      var events = eventsApi(offApi, listening.events, name, callback);
+      if (!events) {
+        delete listeningTo[id];
+        delete listening.obj._listeners[listener._listenId];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_.isEmpty(listeningTo)) listener._listeningTo = void 0;
+  };
+
+  // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+  // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+  Events.once =  function(name, callback, context) {
+    // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
+    var events = onceMap(name, callback, _.bind(this.off, this));
+    return this.on(events, void 0, context);
+  };
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `once`.
+  Events.listenToOnce =  function(obj, name, callback) {
+    // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
+    var events = onceMap(name, callback, _.bind(this.stopListening, this, obj));
+    return this.listenTo(obj, events);
+  };
+
+  // Reduces the event callbacks into a map of `{event: onceWrapper}`.
+  // `offer` unbinds the `onceWrapper` after it as been called.
+  var onceMap = function(name, callback, offer) {
+    return eventsApi(function(map, name, callback, offer) {
+      if (callback) {
+        var once = map[name] = _.once(function() {
+          offer(name, once);
+          callback.apply(this, arguments);
+        });
+        once._callback = callback;
+      }
+      return map;
+    }, {}, name, callback, offer);
+  };
+
+  // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+  // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+  // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+  // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+  Events.trigger =  function(name) {
+    if (!this._events) return this;
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+    // Pass `triggerSentinel` as "callback" param. If `name` is an object,
+    // it `triggerApi` will be passed the property's value instead.
+    eventsApi(triggerApi, this, name, triggerSentinel, args);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // A known sentinel to detect triggering with a `{event: value}` object.
+  var triggerSentinel = {};
+
+  // Handles triggering the appropriate event callbacks.
+  var triggerApi = function(obj, name, sentinel, args) {
+    if (obj._events) {
+      // If `sentinel` is not the trigger sentinel, trigger was called
+      // with a `{event: value}` object, and it is `value`.
+      if (sentinel !== triggerSentinel) args = [sentinel].concat(args);
+
+      var events = obj._events[name];
+      var allEvents = obj._events.all;
+      if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+      if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, [name].concat(args));
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+  // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+  // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+  var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+    var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+      case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+      case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+      case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+      default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+  Events.bind   = Events.on;
+  Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+  // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+  // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+  _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+  // Backbone.Model
+  // --------------
+
+  // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+  // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+  // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+  // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+  // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+    var attrs = attributes || {};
+    options || (options = {});
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId(this.cidPrefix);
+    this.attributes = {};
+    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+    this.set(attrs, options);
+    this.changed = {};
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+    changed: null,
+
+    // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+    validationError: null,
+
+    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+    idAttribute: 'id',
+
+    // The prefix is used to create the client id which is used to identify models locally.
+    // You may want to override this if you're experiencing name clashes with model ids.
+    cidPrefix: 'c',
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return _.clone(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+    // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get the value of an attribute.
+    get: function(attr) {
+      return this.attributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+    escape: function(attr) {
+      return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+    },
+
+    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+    // or undefined.
+    has: function(attr) {
+      return this.get(attr) != null;
+    },
+
+    // Special-cased proxy to underscore's `_.matches` method.
+    matches: function(attrs) {
+      return _.matches(attrs)(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+    // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+    // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+    set: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+      if (key == null) return this;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run validation.
+      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+      // Extract attributes and options.
+      unset           = options.unset;
+      silent          = options.silent;
+      changes         = [];
+      changing        = this._changing;
+      this._changing  = true;
+
+      if (!changing) {
+        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+        this.changed = {};
+      }
+      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+      // Check for changes of `id`.
+      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+      // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+      for (attr in attrs) {
+        val = attrs[attr];
+        if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+          this.changed[attr] = val;
+        } else {
+          delete this.changed[attr];
+        }
+        unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+      }
+
+      // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+      if (!silent) {
+        if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
+        for (var i = 0, length = changes.length; i < length; i++) {
+          this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+      // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+      if (changing) return this;
+      if (!silent) {
+        while (this._pending) {
+          options = this._pending;
+          this._pending = false;
+          this.trigger('change', this, options);
+        }
+      }
+      this._pending = false;
+      this._changing = false;
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+    // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    unset: function(attr, options) {
+      return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+    clear: function(options) {
+      var attrs = {};
+      for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+      return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+    hasChanged: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+    },
+
+    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+    // determining if there *would be* a change.
+    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+      var val, changed = false;
+      var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      for (var attr in diff) {
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+      }
+      return changed;
+    },
+
+    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+    // `"change"` event was fired.
+    previous: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+    // `"change"` event.
+    previousAttributes: function() {
+      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the model from the server, merging the response with the model's
+    // local attributes. Any changed attributes will trigger a "change" event.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+    // state will be `set` again.
+    save: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+      // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+      // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+      // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+      if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+        if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+      }
+
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) {
+        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+      }
+
+      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+      // updated with the server-side state.
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+        model.attributes = attributes;
+        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+        if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      if (method === 'patch' && !options.attrs) options.attrs = attrs;
+      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+      // Restore attributes.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+    destroy: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+
+      var destroy = function() {
+        model.stopListening();
+        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+      };
+
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+        if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+
+      if (this.isNew()) {
+        options.success();
+        return false;
+      }
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+      if (!options.wait) destroy();
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+    // that will be called.
+    url: function() {
+      var base =
+        _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
+        _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
+        urlError();
+      if (this.isNew()) return base;
+      var id = this.id || this.attributes[this.idAttribute];
+      return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(id);
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+    isNew: function() {
+      return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
+    },
+
+    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+    isValid: function(options) {
+      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+    },
+
+    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+    // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+      var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+      if (!error) return true;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit', 'chain', 'isEmpty'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+  _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+    if (!_[method]) return;
+    Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.attributes);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.Collection
+  // -------------------
+
+  // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+  // more analogous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+  // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+  // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+  // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+  // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+  // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+  // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+    if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+    this._reset();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+  };
+
+  // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+  var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+  var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+    // This should be overridden in most cases.
+    model: Model,
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+    // models' attributes.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    add: function(models, options) {
+      return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+    remove: function(models, options) {
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+      options || (options = {});
+      for (var i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
+        var model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+        if (!model) continue;
+        var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+        if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
+        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+        var index = this.indexOf(model);
+        this.models.splice(index, 1);
+        this.length--;
+        if (!options.silent) {
+          options.index = index;
+          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+        }
+        this._removeReference(model, options);
+      }
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+    // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+    // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+    // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+    set: function(models, options) {
+      options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : models.slice();
+      var id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      var at = options.at;
+      if (at != null) at = +at;
+      if (at < 0) at += this.length + 1;
+      var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+      var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+      var orderChanged = false;
+
+      // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+      // from being added.
+      for (var i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
+        attrs = models[i];
+
+        // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+        // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+        if (existing = this.get(attrs)) {
+          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+          if (merge && attrs !== existing) {
+            attrs = this._isModel(attrs) ? attrs.attributes : attrs;
+            if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+            existing.set(attrs, options);
+            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+          }
+          models[i] = existing;
+
+        // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+        } else if (add) {
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+          if (!model) continue;
+          toAdd.push(model);
+          this._addReference(model, options);
+        }
+
+        // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
+        model = existing || model;
+        if (!model) continue;
+        id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+        if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[id])) {
+          order.push(model);
+
+          // Check to see if this is actually a new model at this index.
+          orderChanged = orderChanged || !this.models[i] || model.cid !== this.models[i].cid;
+        }
+
+        modelMap[id] = true;
+      }
+
+      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      if (remove) {
+        for (var i = 0, length = this.length; i < length; i++) {
+          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+      }
+
+      // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+      if (toAdd.length || orderChanged) {
+        if (sortable) sort = true;
+        this.length += toAdd.length;
+        if (at != null) {
+          for (var i = 0, length = toAdd.length; i < length; i++) {
+            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+          for (var i = 0, length = orderedModels.length; i < length; i++) {
+            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+      if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+      // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+      if (!options.silent) {
+        var addOpts = at != null ? _.clone(options) : options;
+        for (var i = 0, length = toAdd.length; i < length; i++) {
+          if (at != null) addOpts.index = at + i;
+          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, addOpts);
+        }
+        if (sort || orderChanged) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      }
+
+      // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+    // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+    // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+    reset: function(models, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      for (var i = 0, length = this.models.length; i < length; i++) {
+        this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
+      }
+      options.previousModels = this.models;
+      this._reset();
+      models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+      return models;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+    push: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+    pop: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+    unshift: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+    shift: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(0);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+    slice: function() {
+      return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get a model from the set by id.
+    get: function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      var id = this.modelId(this._isModel(obj) ? obj.attributes : obj);
+      return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
+    },
+
+    // Get the model at the given index.
+    at: function(index) {
+      if (index < 0) index += this.length;
+      return this.models[index];
+    },
+
+    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+    // `filter`.
+    where: function(attrs, first) {
+      var matches = _.matches(attrs);
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+        return matches(model.attributes);
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+    // of `find`.
+    findWhere: function(attrs) {
+      return this.where(attrs, true);
+    },
+
+    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+    // is added.
+    sort: function(options) {
+      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      } else {
+        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+      }
+
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+    pluck: function(attr) {
+      return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+    // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+    // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var success = options.success;
+      var collection = this;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+        collection[method](resp, options);
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, collection, resp, options);
+        collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+    // wait for the server to agree.
+    create: function(model, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+      var collection = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(model, resp) {
+        if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+      };
+      model.save(null, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.models, {
+        model: this.model,
+        comparator: this.comparator
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Define how to uniquely identify models in the collection.
+    modelId: function (attrs) {
+      return attrs[this.model.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
+    },
+
+    // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+    // is first initialized or reset.
+    _reset: function() {
+      this.length = 0;
+      this.models = [];
+      this._byId  = {};
+    },
+
+    // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+    // collection.
+    _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (this._isModel(attrs)) {
+        if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this;
+        return attrs;
+      }
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      options.collection = this;
+      var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+      if (!model.validationError) return model;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    // Method for checking whether an object should be considered a model for
+    // the purposes of adding to the collection.
+    _isModel: function (model) {
+      return model instanceof Model;
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
+    _addReference: function(model, options) {
+      this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+      var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+      if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
+      model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+    _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+      if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+    // in other collections are ignored.
+    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+      if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+      if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+      if (event === 'change') {
+        var prevId = this.modelId(model.previousAttributes());
+        var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+        if (prevId !== id) {
+          if (prevId != null) delete this._byId[prevId];
+          if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
+        }
+      }
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+  // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+  // right here:
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+    'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+    'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+    'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+    'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+    'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample', 'partition'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    if (!_[method]) return;
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.models);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
+
+  // Use attributes instead of properties.
+  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+    if (!_[method]) return;
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+        return model.get(value);
+      };
+      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.View
+  // -------------
+
+  // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+  // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+  // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+  // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+  // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+  // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+  // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+  // if an existing element is not provided...
+  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+    options || (options = {});
+    _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+    this._ensureElement();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+    tagName: 'div',
+
+    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+    // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+    $: function(selector) {
+      return this.$el.find(selector);
+    },
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+    render: function() {
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+    // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+    remove: function() {
+      this._removeElement();
+      this.stopListening();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view's element from the document and all event listeners
+    // attached to it. Exposed for subclasses using an alternative DOM
+    // manipulation API.
+    _removeElement: function() {
+      this.$el.remove();
+    },
+
+    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property) and re-delegate the
+    // view's events on the new element.
+    setElement: function(element) {
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      this._setElement(element);
+      this.delegateEvents();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Creates the `this.el` and `this.$el` references for this view using the
+    // given `el`. `el` can be a CSS selector or an HTML string, a jQuery
+    // context or an element. Subclasses can override this to utilize an
+    // alternative DOM manipulation API and are only required to set the
+    // `this.el` property.
+    _setElement: function(el) {
+      this.$el = el instanceof Backbone.$ ? el : Backbone.$(el);
+      this.el = this.$el[0];
+    },
+
+    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+    //
+    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+    //
+    //     {
+    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+    //       'click .button':     'save',
+    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+    //     }
+    //
+    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+    delegateEvents: function(events) {
+      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      for (var key in events) {
+        var method = events[key];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!method) continue;
+        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+        this.delegate(match[1], match[2], _.bind(method, this));
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Add a single event listener to the view's element (or a child element
+    // using `selector`). This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`,
+    // `blur`, and not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+    delegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
+      this.$el.on(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
+    },
+
+    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view by `delegateEvents`.
+    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+    undelegateEvents: function() {
+      if (this.$el) this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // A finer-grained `undelegateEvents` for removing a single delegated event.
+    // `selector` and `listener` are both optional.
+    undelegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
+      this.$el.off(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
+    },
+
+    // Produces a DOM element to be assigned to your view. Exposed for
+    // subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
+    _createElement: function(tagName) {
+      return document.createElement(tagName);
+    },
+
+    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+    _ensureElement: function() {
+      if (!this.el) {
+        var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+        if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+        this.setElement(this._createElement(_.result(this, 'tagName')));
+        this._setAttributes(attrs);
+      } else {
+        this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'));
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Set attributes from a hash on this view's element.  Exposed for
+    // subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
+    _setAttributes: function(attributes) {
+      this.$el.attr(attributes);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.sync
+  // -------------
+
+  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+  //
+  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+  //
+  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+    var type = methodMap[method];
+
+    // Default options, unless specified.
+    _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+      emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+      emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+    });
+
+    // Default JSON-request options.
+    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+    // Ensure that we have a URL.
+    if (!options.url) {
+      params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+    if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/json';
+      params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+    if (options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+    if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+      params.type = 'POST';
+      if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+      var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+      options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+        xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+        if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.processData = false;
+    }
+
+    // Pass along `textStatus` and `errorThrown` from jQuery.
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
+      options.textStatus = textStatus;
+      options.errorThrown = errorThrown;
+      if (error) error.call(options.context, xhr, textStatus, errorThrown);
+    };
+
+    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+    var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+    model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+    return xhr;
+  };
+
+  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+  var methodMap = {
+    'create': 'POST',
+    'update': 'PUT',
+    'patch':  'PATCH',
+    'delete': 'DELETE',
+    'read':   'GET'
+  };
+
+  // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+  // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+  Backbone.ajax = function() {
+    return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Backbone.Router
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+    this._bindRoutes();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+  // parts of route strings.
+  var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+  var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
+  var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+    //
+    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+    //       ...
+    //     });
+    //
+    route: function(route, name, callback) {
+      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+      if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        callback = name;
+        name = '';
+      }
+      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+      var router = this;
+      Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+        var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+        if (router.execute(callback, args, name) !== false) {
+          router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+          router.trigger('route', name, args);
+          Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+        }
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters.  This is an
+    // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
+    execute: function(callback, args, name) {
+      if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+    _bindRoutes: function() {
+      if (!this.routes) return;
+      this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+      var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+      while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+        this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+    // against the current location hash.
+    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                   .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                   .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+                     return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
+                   })
+                   .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
+      return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
+    },
+
+    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+    // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+    // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+      var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+      return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
+        // Don't decode the search params.
+        if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
+        return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+      });
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.History
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+  // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+  // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+  // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+  // falls back to polling.
+  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+    this.handlers = [];
+    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+      this.location = window.location;
+      this.history = window.history;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+  var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
+  var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
+
+  // Has the history handling already been started?
+  History.started = false;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+    // twenty times a second.
+    interval: 50,
+
+    // Are we at the app root?
+    atRoot: function() {
+      var path = this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/');
+      return path === this.root && !this.getSearch();
+    },
+
+    // In IE6, the hash fragment and search params are incorrect if the
+    // fragment contains `?`.
+    getSearch: function() {
+      var match = this.location.href.replace(/#.*/, '').match(/\?.+/);
+      return match ? match[0] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+    getHash: function(window) {
+      var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+      return match ? match[1] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Get the pathname and search params, without the root.
+    getPath: function() {
+      var path = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.getSearch());
+      var root = this.root.slice(0, -1);
+      if (!path.indexOf(root)) path = path.slice(root.length);
+      return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path.slice(1) : path;
+    },
+
+    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment from the path or hash.
+    getFragment: function(fragment) {
+      if (fragment == null) {
+        if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange) {
+          fragment = this.getPath();
+        } else {
+          fragment = this.getHash();
+        }
+      }
+      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+    },
+
+    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+    start: function(options) {
+      if (History.started) throw new Error('Backbone.history has already been started');
+      History.started = true;
+
+      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+      this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+      this.root             = this.options.root;
+      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+      this._hasHashChange   = 'onhashchange' in window;
+      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
+      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+      this.fragment         = this.getFragment();
+
+      // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+      this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+      // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+      // requested.
+      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+        // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+        // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+        if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
+          var root = this.root.slice(0, -1) || '/';
+          this.location.replace(root + '#' + this.getPath());
+          // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+          return true;
+
+        // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+        // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+        } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot()) {
+          this.navigate(this.getHash(), {replace: true});
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      // Proxy an iframe to handle location events if the browser doesn't
+      // support the `hashchange` event, HTML5 history, or the user wants
+      // `hashChange` but not `pushState`.
+      if (!this._hasHashChange && this._wantsHashChange && (!this._wantsPushState || !this._hasPushState)) {
+        var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
+        iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
+        iframe.style.display = 'none';
+        iframe.tabIndex = -1;
+        var body = document.body;
+        // Using `appendChild` will throw on IE < 9 if the document is not ready.
+        this.iframe = body.insertBefore(iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow;
+        this.iframe.document.open().close();
+        this.iframe.location.hash = '#' + this.fragment;
+      }
+
+      // Add a cross-platform `addEventListener` shim for older browsers.
+      var addEventListener = window.addEventListener || function (eventName, listener) {
+        return attachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
+      };
+
+      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        addEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange && !this.iframe) {
+        addEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+      }
+
+      if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+    stop: function() {
+      // Add a cross-platform `removeEventListener` shim for older browsers.
+      var removeEventListener = window.removeEventListener || function (eventName, listener) {
+        return detachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
+      };
+
+      // Remove window listeners.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        removeEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange && !this.iframe) {
+        removeEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
+      }
+
+      // Clean up the iframe if necessary.
+      if (this.iframe) {
+        document.body.removeChild(this.iframe.frameElement);
+        this.iframe = null;
+      }
+
+      // Some environments will throw when clearing an undefined interval.
+      if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+      History.started = false;
+    },
+
+    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+    // may override previous routes.
+    route: function(route, callback) {
+      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+    },
+
+    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+    checkUrl: function(e) {
+      var current = this.getFragment();
+
+      // If the user pressed the back button, the iframe's hash will have
+      // changed and we should use that for comparison.
+      if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+        current = this.getHash(this.iframe);
+      }
+
+      if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+      this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+    // returns `false`.
+    loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+      fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+          handler.callback(fragment);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+    // the fragment in advance.
+    //
+    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      if (!History.started) return false;
+      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+      // Normalize the fragment.
+      fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || '');
+
+      // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+      var root = this.root;
+      if (fragment === '' || fragment.charAt(0) === '?') {
+        root = root.slice(0, -1) || '/';
+      }
+      var url = root + fragment;
+
+      // Strip the hash and decode for matching.
+      fragment = decodeURI(fragment.replace(pathStripper, ''));
+
+      if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+
+      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+      // fragment to store history.
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe))) {
+          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+          // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+          // want this.
+          if (!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        }
+
+      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+      } else {
+        return this.location.assign(url);
+      }
+      if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+    },
+
+    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+    // a new one to the browser history.
+    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+      if (replace) {
+        var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+        location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+      } else {
+        // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+        location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Create the default Backbone.history.
+  Backbone.history = new History;
+
+  // Helpers
+  // -------
+
+  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+  // class properties to be extended.
+  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+    var parent = this;
+    var child;
+
+    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+      child = protoProps.constructor;
+    } else {
+      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+    }
+
+    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+    // `parent`'s constructor function.
+    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+    // if supplied.
+    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+    // later.
+    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+    return child;
+  };
+
+  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+  var urlError = function() {
+    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+  };
+
+  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+  var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(resp) {
+      if (error) error.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+      model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+    };
+  };
+
+  return Backbone;
+
+}));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ea4b13d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(function(t,e){if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define(["underscore","jquery","exports"],function(i,r,s){t.Backbone=e(t,s,i,r)})}else if(typeof exports!=="undefined"){var i=require("underscore");e(t,exports,i)}else{t.Backbone=e(t,{},t._,t.jQuery||t.Zepto||t.ender||t.$)}})(this,function(t,e,i,r){var s=t.Backbone;var n=[];var a=n.push;var o=n.slice;var h=n.splice;e.VERSION="1.1.2";e.$=r;e.noConflict=function(){t.Backbone=s;return this};e.emulateHTTP=false;e.emulateJSON=false;var u=e.Events={on:function(t,e,i){if(!c(this,"on",t,[e,i])||!e)return this;this._events||(this._events={});var r=this._events[t]||(this._events[t]=[]);r.push({callback:e,context:i,ctx:i||this});return this},once:function(t,e,r){if(!c(this,"once",t,[e,r])||!e)return this;var s=this;var n=i.once(function(){s.off(t,n);e.apply(this,arguments)});n._callback=e;return this.on(t,n,r)},off:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o,h,u,l,f;if(!this._events||!c(this,"off",t,[e,r]))return this;if(!t&&!e&&!r){this._events=void 0;return this}o=t?[t]:i.keys(this._events);for(h=0,u=o.length;h<u;h++){t=o[h];if(a=this._events[t]){this._events[t]=s=[];if(e||r){for(l=0,f=a.length;l<f;l++){n=a[l];if(e&&e!==n.callback&&e!==n.callback._callback||r&&r!==n.context){s.push(n)}}}if(!s.length)delete this._events[t]}}return this},trigger:function(t){if(!this._events)return this;var e=o.call(arguments,1);if(!c(this,"trigger",t,e))return this;var i=this._events[t];var r=this._events.all;if(i)f(i,e);if(r)f(r,arguments);return this},stopListening:function(t,e,r){var s=this._listeningTo;if(!s)return this;var n=!e&&!r;if(!r&&typeof e==="object")r=this;if(t)(s={})[t._listenId]=t;for(var a in s){t=s[a];t.off(e,r,this);if(n||i.isEmpty(t._events))delete this._listeningTo[a]}return this}};var l=/\s+/;var c=function(t,e,i,r){if(!i)return true;if(typeof i==="object"){for(var s in i){t[e].apply(t,[s,i[s]].concat(r))}return false}if(l.test(i)){var n=i.split(l);for(var a=0,o=n.length;a<o;a++){t[e].apply(t,[n[a]].concat(r))}return false}return true};var f=function(t,e){var i,r=-1,s=t.length,n=e[0],a=e[1],o=e[2];switch(e.length){case 0:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx);return;case 1:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx,n);return;case 2:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx,n,a);return;case 3:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.call(i.ctx,n,a,o);return;default:while(++r<s)(i=t[r]).callback.apply(i.ctx,e);return}};var d={listenTo:"on",listenToOnce:"once"};i.each(d,function(t,e){u[e]=function(e,r,s){var n=this._listeningTo||(this._listeningTo={});var a=e._listenId||(e._listenId=i.uniqueId("l"));n[a]=e;if(!s&&typeof r==="object")s=this;e[t](r,s,this);return this}});u.bind=u.on;u.unbind=u.off;i.extend(e,u);var p=e.Model=function(t,e){var r=t||{};e||(e={});this.cid=i.uniqueId("c");this.attributes={};if(e.collection)this.collection=e.collection;if(e.parse)r=this.parse(r,e)||{};r=i.defaults({},r,i.result(this,"defaults"));this.set(r,e);this.changed={};this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)};i.extend(p.prototype,u,{changed:null,validationError:null,idAttribute:"id",initialize:function(){},toJSON:function(t){return i.clone(this.attributes)},sync:function(){return e.sync.apply(this,arguments)},get:function(t){return this.attributes[t]},escape:function(t){return i.escape(this.get(t))},has:function(t){return this.get(t)!=null},set:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o,h,u,l,c;if(t==null)return this;if(typeof t==="object"){n=t;r=e}else{(n={})[t]=e}r||(r={});if(!this._validate(n,r))return false;a=r.unset;h=r.silent;o=[];u=this._changing;this._changing=true;if(!u){this._previousAttributes=i.clone(this.attributes);this.changed={}}c=this.attributes,l=this._previousAttributes;if(this.idAttribute in n)this.id=n[this.idAttribute];for(s in n){e=n[s];if(!i.isEqual(c[s],e))o.push(s);if(!i.isEqual(l[s],e)){this.changed[s]=e}else{delete this.changed[s]}a?delete c[s]:c[s]=e}if(!h){if(o.length)this._pending=r;for(var f=0,d=o.length;f<d;f++){this.trigger("change:"+o[f],this,c[o[f]],r)}}if(u)return this;if(!h){while(this._pending){r=this._pending;this._pending=false;this.trigger("change",this,r)}}this._pending=false;this._changing=false;return this},unset:function(t,e){return this.set(t,void 0,i.extend({},e,{unset:true}))},clear:function(t){var e={};for(var r in this.attributes)e[r]=void 0;return this.set(e,i.extend({},t,{unset:true}))},hasChanged:function(t){if(t==null)return!i.isEmpty(this.changed);return i.has(this.changed,t)},changedAttributes:function(t){if(!t)return this.hasChanged()?i.clone(this.changed):false;var e,r=false;var s=this._changing?this._previousAttributes:this.attributes;for(var n in t){if(i.isEqual(s[n],e=t[n]))continue;(r||(r={}))[n]=e}return r},previous:function(t){if(t==null||!this._previousAttributes)return null;return this._previousAttributes[t]},previousAttributes:function(){return i.clone(this._previousAttributes)},fetch:function(t){t=t?i.clone(t):{};if(t.parse===void 0)t.parse=true;var e=this;var r=t.success;t.success=function(i){if(!e.set(e.parse(i,t),t))return false;if(r)r(e,i,t);e.trigger("sync",e,i,t)};q(this,t);return this.sync("read",this,t)},save:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o=this.attributes;if(t==null||typeof t==="object"){s=t;r=e}else{(s={})[t]=e}r=i.extend({validate:true},r);if(s&&!r.wait){if(!this.set(s,r))return false}else{if(!this._validate(s,r))return false}if(s&&r.wait){this.attributes=i.extend({},o,s)}if(r.parse===void 0)r.parse=true;var h=this;var u=r.success;r.success=function(t){h.attributes=o;var e=h.parse(t,r);if(r.wait)e=i.extend(s||{},e);if(i.isObject(e)&&!h.set(e,r)){return 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s,n,a,o;for(s=0,n=t.length;s<n;s++){o=t[s]=this.get(t[s]);if(!o)continue;delete this._byId[o.id];delete this._byId[o.cid];a=this.indexOf(o);this.models.splice(a,1);this.length--;if(!e.silent){e.index=a;o.trigger("remove",o,this,e)}this._removeReference(o,e)}return r?t[0]:t},set:function(t,e){e=i.defaults({},e,m);if(e.parse)t=this.parse(t,e);var r=!i.isArray(t);t=r?t?[t]:[]:i.clone(t);var s,n,a,o,h,u,l;var c=e.at;var f=this.model;var d=this.comparator&&c==null&&e.sort!==false;var v=i.isString(this.comparator)?this.comparator:null;var g=[],y=[],_={};var b=e.add,w=e.merge,x=e.remove;var E=!d&&b&&x?[]:false;for(s=0,n=t.length;s<n;s++){h=t[s]||{};if(h instanceof p){a=o=h}else{a=h[f.prototype.idAttribute||"id"]}if(u=this.get(a)){if(x)_[u.cid]=true;if(w){h=h===o?o.attributes:h;if(e.parse)h=u.parse(h,e);u.set(h,e);if(d&&!l&&u.hasChanged(v))l=true}t[s]=u}else 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e=this.at(this.length-1);this.remove(e,t);return e},unshift:function(t,e){return this.add(t,i.extend({at:0},e))},shift:function(t){var e=this.at(0);this.remove(e,t);return e},slice:function(){return o.apply(this.models,arguments)},get:function(t){if(t==null)return void 0;return this._byId[t]||this._byId[t.id]||this._byId[t.cid]},at:function(t){return this.models[t]},where:function(t,e){if(i.isEmpty(t))return e?void 0:[];return this[e?"find":"filter"](function(e){for(var i in t){if(t[i]!==e.get(i))return false}return true})},findWhere:function(t){return this.where(t,true)},sort:function(t){if(!this.comparator)throw new Error("Cannot sort a set without a comparator");t||(t={});if(i.isString(this.comparator)||this.comparator.length===1){this.models=this.sortBy(this.comparator,this)}else{this.models.sort(i.bind(this.comparator,this))}if(!t.silent)this.trigger("sort",this,t);return this},pluck:function(t){return i.invoke(this.models,"get",t)},fetch:function(t){t=t?i.clone(t):{};if(t.parse===void 0)t.parse=true;var e=t.success;var r=this;t.success=function(i){var s=t.reset?"reset":"set";r[s](i,t);if(e)e(r,i,t);r.trigger("sync",r,i,t)};q(this,t);return this.sync("read",this,t)},create:function(t,e){e=e?i.clone(e):{};if(!(t=this._prepareModel(t,e)))return false;if(!e.wait)this.add(t,e);var r=this;var s=e.success;e.success=function(t,i){if(e.wait)r.add(t,e);if(s)s(t,i,e)};t.save(null,e);return t},parse:function(t,e){return t},clone:function(){return new this.constructor(this.models)},_reset:function(){this.length=0;this.models=[];this._byId={}},_prepareModel:function(t,e){if(t instanceof p)return t;e=e?i.clone(e):{};e.collection=this;var r=new this.model(t,e);if(!r.validationError)return r;this.trigger("invalid",this,r.validationError,e);return false},_addReference:function(t,e){this._byId[t.cid]=t;if(t.id!=null)this._byId[t.id]=t;if(!t.collection)t.collection=this;t.on("all",this._onModelEvent,this)},_removeReference:function(t,e){if(this===t.collection)delete t.collection;t.off("all",this._onModelEvent,this)},_onModelEvent:function(t,e,i,r){if((t==="add"||t==="remove")&&i!==this)return;if(t==="destroy")this.remove(e,r);if(e&&t==="change:"+e.idAttribute){delete this._byId[e.previous(e.idAttribute)];if(e.id!=null)this._byId[e.id]=e}this.trigger.apply(this,arguments)}});var _=["forEach","each","map","collect","reduce","foldl","inject","reduceRight","foldr","find","detect","filter","select","reject","every","all","some","any","include","contains","invoke","max","min","toArray","size","first","head","take","initial","rest","tail","drop","last","without","difference","indexOf","shuffle","lastIndexOf","isEmpty","chain","sample"];i.each(_,function(t){g.prototype[t]=function(){var e=o.call(arguments);e.unshift(this.models);return i[t].apply(i,e)}});var b=["groupBy","countBy","sortBy","indexBy"];i.each(b,function(t){g.prototype[t]=function(e,r){var s=i.isFunction(e)?e:function(t){return t.get(e)};return i[t](this.models,s,r)}});var w=e.View=function(t){this.cid=i.uniqueId("view");t||(t={});i.extend(this,i.pick(t,E));this._ensureElement();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments);this.delegateEvents()};var x=/^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;var E=["model","collection","el","id","attributes","className","tagName","events"];i.extend(w.prototype,u,{tagName:"div",$:function(t){return this.$el.find(t)},initialize:function(){},render:function(){return this},remove:function(){this.$el.remove();this.stopListening();return this},setElement:function(t,i){if(this.$el)this.undelegateEvents();this.$el=t instanceof e.$?t:e.$(t);this.el=this.$el[0];if(i!==false)this.delegateEvents();return this},delegateEvents:function(t){if(!(t||(t=i.result(this,"events"))))return this;this.undelegateEvents();for(var e in t){var r=t[e];if(!i.isFunction(r))r=this[t[e]];if(!r)continue;var s=e.match(x);var n=s[1],a=s[2];r=i.bind(r,this);n+=".delegateEvents"+this.cid;if(a===""){this.$el.on(n,r)}else{this.$el.on(n,a,r)}}return this},undelegateEvents:function(){this.$el.off(".delegateEvents"+this.cid);return this},_ensureElement:function(){if(!this.el){var t=i.extend({},i.result(this,"attributes"));if(this.id)t.id=i.result(this,"id");if(this.className)t["class"]=i.result(this,"className");var r=e.$("<"+i.result(this,"tagName")+">").attr(t);this.setElement(r,false)}else{this.setElement(i.result(this,"el"),false)}}});e.sync=function(t,r,s){var n=T[t];i.defaults(s||(s={}),{emulateHTTP:e.emulateHTTP,emulateJSON:e.emulateJSON});var a={type:n,dataType:"json"};if(!s.url){a.url=i.result(r,"url")||M()}if(s.data==null&&r&&(t==="create"||t==="update"||t==="patch")){a.contentType="application/json";a.data=JSON.stringify(s.attrs||r.toJSON(s))}if(s.emulateJSON){a.contentType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded";a.data=a.data?{model:a.data}:{}}if(s.emulateHTTP&&(n==="PUT"||n==="DELETE"||n==="PATCH")){a.type="POST";if(s.emulateJSON)a.data._method=n;var o=s.beforeSend;s.beforeSend=function(t){t.setRequestHeader("X-HTTP-Method-Override",n);if(o)return o.apply(this,arguments)}}if(a.type!=="GET"&&!s.emulateJSON){a.processData=false}if(a.type==="PATCH"&&k){a.xhr=function(){return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}}var h=s.xhr=e.ajax(i.extend(a,s));r.trigger("request",r,h,s);return h};var k=typeof window!=="undefined"&&!!window.ActiveXObject&&!(window.XMLHttpRequest&&(new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);var T={create:"POST",update:"PUT",patch:"PATCH","delete":"DELETE",read:"GET"};e.ajax=function(){return e.$.ajax.apply(e.$,arguments)};var $=e.Router=function(t){t||(t={});if(t.routes)this.routes=t.routes;this._bindRoutes();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)};var S=/\((.*?)\)/g;var H=/(\(\?)?:\w+/g;var A=/\*\w+/g;var I=/[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;i.extend($.prototype,u,{initialize:function(){},route:function(t,r,s){if(!i.isRegExp(t))t=this._routeToRegExp(t);if(i.isFunction(r)){s=r;r=""}if(!s)s=this[r];var n=this;e.history.route(t,function(i){var a=n._extractParameters(t,i);n.execute(s,a);n.trigger.apply(n,["route:"+r].concat(a));n.trigger("route",r,a);e.history.trigger("route",n,r,a)});return this},execute:function(t,e){if(t)t.apply(this,e)},navigate:function(t,i){e.history.navigate(t,i);return this},_bindRoutes:function(){if(!this.routes)return;this.routes=i.result(this,"routes");var t,e=i.keys(this.routes);while((t=e.pop())!=null){this.route(t,this.routes[t])}},_routeToRegExp:function(t){t=t.replace(I,"\\$&").replace(S,"(?:$1)?").replace(H,function(t,e){return e?t:"([^/?]+)"}).replace(A,"([^?]*?)");return new RegExp("^"+t+"(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$")},_extractParameters:function(t,e){var r=t.exec(e).slice(1);return i.map(r,function(t,e){if(e===r.length-1)return t||null;return t?decodeURIComponent(t):null})}});var N=e.History=function(){this.handlers=[];i.bindAll(this,"checkUrl");if(typeof window!=="undefined"){this.location=window.location;this.history=window.history}};var R=/^[#\/]|\s+$/g;var O=/^\/+|\/+$/g;var P=/msie [\w.]+/;var C=/\/$/;var j=/#.*$/;N.started=false;i.extend(N.prototype,u,{interval:50,atRoot:function(){return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/,"$&/")===this.root},getHash:function(t){var e=(t||this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);return e?e[1]:""},getFragment:function(t,e){if(t==null){if(this._hasPushState||!this._wantsHashChange||e){t=decodeURI(this.location.pathname+this.location.search);var i=this.root.replace(C,"");if(!t.indexOf(i))t=t.slice(i.length)}else{t=this.getHash()}}return t.replace(R,"")},start:function(t){if(N.started)throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");N.started=true;this.options=i.extend({root:"/"},this.options,t);this.root=this.options.root;this._wantsHashChange=this.options.hashChange!==false;this._wantsPushState=!!this.options.pushState;this._hasPushState=!!(this.options.pushState&&this.history&&this.history.pushState);var r=this.getFragment();var s=document.documentMode;var n=P.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase())&&(!s||s<=7);this.root=("/"+this.root+"/").replace(O,"/");if(n&&this._wantsHashChange){var a=e.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');this.iframe=a.hide().appendTo("body")[0].contentWindow;this.navigate(r)}if(this._hasPushState){e.$(window).on("popstate",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange&&"onhashchange"in window&&!n){e.$(window).on("hashchange",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._checkUrlInterval=setInterval(this.checkUrl,this.interval)}this.fragment=r;var o=this.location;if(this._wantsHashChange&&this._wantsPushState){if(!this._hasPushState&&!this.atRoot()){this.fragment=this.getFragment(null,true);this.location.replace(this.root+"#"+this.fragment);return true}else if(this._hasPushState&&this.atRoot()&&o.hash){this.fragment=this.getHash().replace(R,"");this.history.replaceState({},document.title,this.root+this.fragment)}}if(!this.options.silent)return this.loadUrl()},stop:function(){e.$(window).off("popstate",this.checkUrl).off("hashchange",this.checkUrl);if(this._checkUrlInterval)clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);N.started=false},route:function(t,e){this.handlers.unshift({route:t,callback:e})},checkUrl:function(t){var e=this.getFragment();if(e===this.fragment&&this.iframe){e=this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))}if(e===this.fragment)return false;if(this.iframe)this.navigate(e);this.loadUrl()},loadUrl:function(t){t=this.fragment=this.getFragment(t);return i.any(this.handlers,function(e){if(e.route.test(t)){e.callback(t);return true}})},navigate:function(t,e){if(!N.started)return false;if(!e||e===true)e={trigger:!!e};var i=this.root+(t=this.getFragment(t||""));t=t.replace(j,"");if(this.fragment===t)return;this.fragment=t;if(t===""&&i!=="/")i=i.slice(0,-1);if(this._hasPushState){this.history[e.replace?"replaceState":"pushState"]({},document.title,i)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._updateHash(this.location,t,e.replace);if(this.iframe&&t!==this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))){if(!e.replace)this.iframe.document.open().close();this._updateHash(this.iframe.location,t,e.replace)}}else{return this.location.assign(i)}if(e.trigger)return this.loadUrl(t)},_updateHash:function(t,e,i){if(i){var r=t.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/,"");t.replace(r+"#"+e)}else{t.hash="#"+e}}});e.history=new N;var U=function(t,e){var r=this;var s;if(t&&i.has(t,"constructor")){s=t.constructor}else{s=function(){return r.apply(this,arguments)}}i.extend(s,r,e);var n=function(){this.constructor=s};n.prototype=r.prototype;s.prototype=new n;if(t)i.extend(s.prototype,t);s.__super__=r.prototype;return s};p.extend=g.extend=$.extend=w.extend=N.extend=U;var M=function(){throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified')};var q=function(t,e){var i=e.error;e.error=function(r){if(i)i(t,r,e);t.trigger("error",t,r,e)}};return e});
+//# sourceMappingURL=backbone-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24a550a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1608 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.2
+
+//     (c) 2010-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(root, factory) {
+
+  // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
+      // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
+      // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
+      root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
+    });
+
+  // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
+  } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    var _ = require('underscore');
+    factory(root, exports, _);
+
+  // Finally, as a browser global.
+  } else {
+    root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
+  }
+
+}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
+
+  // Initial Setup
+  // -------------
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+  var array = [];
+  var push = array.push;
+  var slice = array.slice;
+  var splice = array.splice;
+
+  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
+
+  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+  // the `$` variable.
+  Backbone.$ = $;
+
+  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+  // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+  // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+  // form param named `model`.
+  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+  // Backbone.Events
+  // ---------------
+
+  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // succession.
+  //
+  //     var object = {};
+  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+  //     object.trigger('expand');
+  //
+  var Events = Backbone.Events = {
+
+    // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+    // the callback to all events fired.
+    on: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      this._events || (this._events = {});
+      var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
+      events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+    // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+    once: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      var self = this;
+      var once = _.once(function() {
+        self.off(name, once);
+        callback.apply(this, arguments);
+      });
+      once._callback = callback;
+      return this.on(name, once, context);
+    },
+
+    // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+    // callbacks for all events.
+    off: function(name, callback, context) {
+      var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
+      if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
+      if (!name && !callback && !context) {
+        this._events = void 0;
+        return this;
+      }
+      names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
+      for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        name = names[i];
+        if (events = this._events[name]) {
+          this._events[name] = retain = [];
+          if (callback || context) {
+            for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
+              ev = events[j];
+              if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
+                  (context && context !== ev.context)) {
+                retain.push(ev);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
+        }
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+    // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+    // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+    // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+    trigger: function(name) {
+      if (!this._events) return this;
+      var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
+      var events = this._events[name];
+      var allEvents = this._events.all;
+      if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+      if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+    // to every object it's currently listening to.
+    stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
+      if (!listeningTo) return this;
+      var remove = !name && !callback;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
+      for (var id in listeningTo) {
+        obj = listeningTo[id];
+        obj.off(name, callback, this);
+        if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+  // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
+  // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
+  // in terms of the existing API.
+  var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
+    if (!name) return true;
+
+    // Handle event maps.
+    if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Handle space separated event names.
+    if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+      var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
+      for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+  // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+  // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+  var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+    var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+      case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+      case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+      case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+      default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
+    }
+  };
+
+  var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
+  // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
+  // listening to.
+  _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
+    Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+      var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+      listeningTo[id] = obj;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
+      return this;
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+  Events.bind   = Events.on;
+  Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+  // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+  // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+  _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+  // Backbone.Model
+  // --------------
+
+  // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+  // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+  // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+  // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+  // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+    var attrs = attributes || {};
+    options || (options = {});
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+    this.attributes = {};
+    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+    this.set(attrs, options);
+    this.changed = {};
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+    changed: null,
+
+    // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+    validationError: null,
+
+    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+    idAttribute: 'id',
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return _.clone(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+    // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get the value of an attribute.
+    get: function(attr) {
+      return this.attributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+    escape: function(attr) {
+      return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+    },
+
+    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+    // or undefined.
+    has: function(attr) {
+      return this.get(attr) != null;
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+    // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+    // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+    set: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+      if (key == null) return this;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run validation.
+      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+      // Extract attributes and options.
+      unset           = options.unset;
+      silent          = options.silent;
+      changes         = [];
+      changing        = this._changing;
+      this._changing  = true;
+
+      if (!changing) {
+        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+        this.changed = {};
+      }
+      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+      // Check for changes of `id`.
+      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+      // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+      for (attr in attrs) {
+        val = attrs[attr];
+        if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+          this.changed[attr] = val;
+        } else {
+          delete this.changed[attr];
+        }
+        unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+      }
+
+      // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+      if (!silent) {
+        if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
+        for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
+          this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+      // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+      if (changing) return this;
+      if (!silent) {
+        while (this._pending) {
+          options = this._pending;
+          this._pending = false;
+          this.trigger('change', this, options);
+        }
+      }
+      this._pending = false;
+      this._changing = false;
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+    // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    unset: function(attr, options) {
+      return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+    clear: function(options) {
+      var attrs = {};
+      for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+      return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+    hasChanged: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+    },
+
+    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+    // determining if there *would be* a change.
+    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+      var val, changed = false;
+      var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      for (var attr in diff) {
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+      }
+      return changed;
+    },
+
+    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+    // `"change"` event was fired.
+    previous: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+    // `"change"` event.
+    previousAttributes: function() {
+      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+    // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
+    // triggering a `"change"` event.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+    // state will be `set` again.
+    save: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+      // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+      // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+      // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+      if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+        if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+      }
+
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) {
+        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+      }
+
+      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+      // updated with the server-side state.
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+        model.attributes = attributes;
+        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+        if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
+      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+      // Restore attributes.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+    destroy: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+
+      var destroy = function() {
+        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+      };
+
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+
+      if (this.isNew()) {
+        options.success();
+        return false;
+      }
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+      if (!options.wait) destroy();
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+    // that will be called.
+    url: function() {
+      var base =
+        _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
+        _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
+        urlError();
+      if (this.isNew()) return base;
+      return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+    isNew: function() {
+      return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
+    },
+
+    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+    isValid: function(options) {
+      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+    },
+
+    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+    // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+      var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+      if (!error) return true;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+  _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+    Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.attributes);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.Collection
+  // -------------------
+
+  // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+  // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+  // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+  // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+  // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+  // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+  // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+  // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+    if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+    this._reset();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+  };
+
+  // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+  var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+  var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+    // This should be overridden in most cases.
+    model: Model,
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+    // models' attributes.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    add: function(models, options) {
+      return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+    remove: function(models, options) {
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+      options || (options = {});
+      var i, l, index, model;
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+        if (!model) continue;
+        delete this._byId[model.id];
+        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+        index = this.indexOf(model);
+        this.models.splice(index, 1);
+        this.length--;
+        if (!options.silent) {
+          options.index = index;
+          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+        }
+        this._removeReference(model, options);
+      }
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+    // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+    // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+    // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+    set: function(models, options) {
+      options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
+      var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      var at = options.at;
+      var targetModel = this.model;
+      var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+      var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+
+      // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+      // from being added.
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        attrs = models[i] || {};
+        if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+          id = model = attrs;
+        } else {
+          id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
+        }
+
+        // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+        // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+        if (existing = this.get(id)) {
+          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+          if (merge) {
+            attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
+            if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+            existing.set(attrs, options);
+            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+          }
+          models[i] = existing;
+
+        // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+        } else if (add) {
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+          if (!model) continue;
+          toAdd.push(model);
+          this._addReference(model, options);
+        }
+
+        // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
+        model = existing || model;
+        if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[model.id])) order.push(model);
+        modelMap[model.id] = true;
+      }
+
+      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      if (remove) {
+        for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
+          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+      }
+
+      // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+      if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
+        if (sortable) sort = true;
+        this.length += toAdd.length;
+        if (at != null) {
+          for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+          for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+      if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+      // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+      if (!options.silent) {
+        for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
+        }
+        if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      }
+
+      // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+    // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+    // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+    reset: function(models, options) {
+      options || (options = {});
+      for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
+      }
+      options.previousModels = this.models;
+      this._reset();
+      models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+      return models;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+    push: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+    pop: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+    unshift: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+    shift: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(0);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+    slice: function() {
+      return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get a model from the set by id.
+    get: function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
+    },
+
+    // Get the model at the given index.
+    at: function(index) {
+      return this.models[index];
+    },
+
+    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+    // `filter`.
+    where: function(attrs, first) {
+      if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+        for (var key in attrs) {
+          if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+    // of `find`.
+    findWhere: function(attrs) {
+      return this.where(attrs, true);
+    },
+
+    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+    // is added.
+    sort: function(options) {
+      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      } else {
+        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+      }
+
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+    pluck: function(attr) {
+      return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+    // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+    // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var success = options.success;
+      var collection = this;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+        collection[method](resp, options);
+        if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
+        collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+    // wait for the server to agree.
+    create: function(model, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+      var collection = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(model, resp) {
+        if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+      };
+      model.save(null, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.models);
+    },
+
+    // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+    // is first initialized or reset.
+    _reset: function() {
+      this.length = 0;
+      this.models = [];
+      this._byId  = {};
+    },
+
+    // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+    // collection.
+    _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (attrs instanceof Model) return attrs;
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      options.collection = this;
+      var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+      if (!model.validationError) return model;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
+    _addReference: function(model, options) {
+      this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+      if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      if (!model.collection) model.collection = this;
+      model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+    _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+      if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+    // in other collections are ignored.
+    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+      if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+      if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+      if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+        delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+        if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      }
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+  // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+  // right here:
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+    'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+    'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+    'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+    'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+    'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.models);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
+
+  // Use attributes instead of properties.
+  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+        return model.get(value);
+      };
+      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.View
+  // -------------
+
+  // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+  // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+  // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+  // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+  // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+  // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+  // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+  // if an existing element is not provided...
+  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+    options || (options = {});
+    _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+    this._ensureElement();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    this.delegateEvents();
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+    tagName: 'div',
+
+    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+    // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+    $: function(selector) {
+      return this.$el.find(selector);
+    },
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+    render: function() {
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+    // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+    remove: function() {
+      this.$el.remove();
+      this.stopListening();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
+    // re-delegation.
+    setElement: function(element, delegate) {
+      if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
+      this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
+      this.el = this.$el[0];
+      if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+    //
+    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+    //
+    //     {
+    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+    //       'click .button':     'save',
+    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+    //     }
+    //
+    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+    // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+    // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+    delegateEvents: function(events) {
+      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      for (var key in events) {
+        var method = events[key];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!method) continue;
+
+        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+        var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+        method = _.bind(method, this);
+        eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+        if (selector === '') {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, method);
+        } else {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+    undelegateEvents: function() {
+      this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+    _ensureElement: function() {
+      if (!this.el) {
+        var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+        if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+        var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
+        this.setElement($el, false);
+      } else {
+        this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.sync
+  // -------------
+
+  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+  //
+  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+  //
+  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+    var type = methodMap[method];
+
+    // Default options, unless specified.
+    _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+      emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+      emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+    });
+
+    // Default JSON-request options.
+    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+    // Ensure that we have a URL.
+    if (!options.url) {
+      params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+    if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/json';
+      params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+    if (options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+    if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+      params.type = 'POST';
+      if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+      var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+      options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+        xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+        if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.processData = false;
+    }
+
+    // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
+    // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
+    // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
+    if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
+      params.xhr = function() {
+        return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+    var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+    model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+    return xhr;
+  };
+
+  var noXhrPatch =
+    typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject &&
+      !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
+
+  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+  var methodMap = {
+    'create': 'POST',
+    'update': 'PUT',
+    'patch':  'PATCH',
+    'delete': 'DELETE',
+    'read':   'GET'
+  };
+
+  // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+  // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+  Backbone.ajax = function() {
+    return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Backbone.Router
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+    this._bindRoutes();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+  // parts of route strings.
+  var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+  var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
+  var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+    //
+    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+    //       ...
+    //     });
+    //
+    route: function(route, name, callback) {
+      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+      if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        callback = name;
+        name = '';
+      }
+      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+      var router = this;
+      Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+        var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+        router.execute(callback, args);
+        router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+        router.trigger('route', name, args);
+        Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters.  This is an
+    // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
+    execute: function(callback, args) {
+      if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+    _bindRoutes: function() {
+      if (!this.routes) return;
+      this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+      var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+      while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+        this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+    // against the current location hash.
+    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                   .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                   .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+                     return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
+                   })
+                   .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
+      return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
+    },
+
+    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+    // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+    // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+      var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+      return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
+        // Don't decode the search params.
+        if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
+        return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+      });
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.History
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+  // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+  // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+  // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+  // falls back to polling.
+  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+    this.handlers = [];
+    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+      this.location = window.location;
+      this.history = window.history;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+  var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+  var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+  // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
+  var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
+  var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
+
+  // Has the history handling already been started?
+  History.started = false;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+    // twenty times a second.
+    interval: 50,
+
+    // Are we at the app root?
+    atRoot: function() {
+      return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
+    },
+
+    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+    getHash: function(window) {
+      var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+      return match ? match[1] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+    // the hash, or the override.
+    getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
+      if (fragment == null) {
+        if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
+          fragment = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.location.search);
+          var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
+          if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
+        } else {
+          fragment = this.getHash();
+        }
+      }
+      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+    },
+
+    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+    start: function(options) {
+      if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+      History.started = true;
+
+      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+      this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+      this.root             = this.options.root;
+      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
+      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+      var fragment          = this.getFragment();
+      var docMode           = document.documentMode;
+      var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+
+      // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+      this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+      if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
+        var frame = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');
+        this.iframe = frame.hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+        this.navigate(fragment);
+      }
+
+      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+      }
+
+      // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+      // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+      var loc = this.location;
+
+      // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+      // requested.
+      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+        // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+        // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+        if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
+          this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+          this.location.replace(this.root + '#' + this.fragment);
+          // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+          return true;
+
+        // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+        // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+        } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot() && loc.hash) {
+          this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
+          this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+    stop: function() {
+      Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+      History.started = false;
+    },
+
+    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+    // may override previous routes.
+    route: function(route, callback) {
+      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+    },
+
+    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+    checkUrl: function(e) {
+      var current = this.getFragment();
+      if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+        current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
+      }
+      if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+      this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+    // returns `false`.
+    loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+      fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+          handler.callback(fragment);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+    // the fragment in advance.
+    //
+    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      if (!History.started) return false;
+      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+      var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
+
+      // Strip the hash for matching.
+      fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
+
+      if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+
+      // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+      if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
+
+      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+      // fragment to store history.
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
+          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+          // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+          // want this.
+          if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        }
+
+      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+      } else {
+        return this.location.assign(url);
+      }
+      if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+    },
+
+    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+    // a new one to the browser history.
+    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+      if (replace) {
+        var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+        location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+      } else {
+        // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+        location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Create the default Backbone.history.
+  Backbone.history = new History;
+
+  // Helpers
+  // -------
+
+  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+  // class properties to be extended.
+  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+    var parent = this;
+    var child;
+
+    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+      child = protoProps.constructor;
+    } else {
+      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+    }
+
+    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+    // `parent`'s constructor function.
+    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+    // if supplied.
+    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+    // later.
+    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+    return child;
+  };
+
+  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+  var urlError = function() {
+    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+  };
+
+  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+  var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(resp) {
+      if (error) error(model, resp, options);
+      model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+    };
+  };
+
+  return Backbone;
+
+}));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11f1d96f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.7.0
+//     http://underscorejs.org
+//     (c) 2009-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
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+//# sourceMappingURL=underscore-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afd92e5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1416 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.7.0
+//     http://underscorejs.org
+//     (c) 2009-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+
+(function() {
+
+  // Baseline setup
+  // --------------
+
+  // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `exports` on the server.
+  var root = this;
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
+  var previousUnderscore = root._;
+
+  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
+  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;
+
+  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+  var
+    push             = ArrayProto.push,
+    slice            = ArrayProto.slice,
+    concat           = ArrayProto.concat,
+    toString         = ObjProto.toString,
+    hasOwnProperty   = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
+  // are declared here.
+  var
+    nativeIsArray      = Array.isArray,
+    nativeKeys         = Object.keys,
+    nativeBind         = FuncProto.bind;
+
+  // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
+  var _ = function(obj) {
+    if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
+    if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
+    this._wrapped = obj;
+  };
+
+  // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
+  // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in
+  // the browser, add `_` as a global object.
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+      exports = module.exports = _;
+    }
+    exports._ = _;
+  } else {
+    root._ = _;
+  }
+
+  // Current version.
+  _.VERSION = '1.7.0';
+
+  // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version
+  // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore
+  // functions.
+  var createCallback = function(func, context, argCount) {
+    if (context === void 0) return func;
+    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
+      case 1: return function(value) {
+        return func.call(context, value);
+      };
+      case 2: return function(value, other) {
+        return func.call(context, value, other);
+      };
+      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
+      };
+      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+      };
+    }
+    return function() {
+      return func.apply(context, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // A mostly-internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied
+  // to each element in a collection, returning the desired result — either
+  // identity, an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor.
+  _.iteratee = function(value, context, argCount) {
+    if (value == null) return _.identity;
+    if (_.isFunction(value)) return createCallback(value, context, argCount);
+    if (_.isObject(value)) return _.matches(value);
+    return _.property(value);
+  };
+
+  // Collection Functions
+  // --------------------
+
+  // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
+  // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all
+  // sparse array-likes as if they were dense.
+  _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return obj;
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context);
+    var i, length = obj.length;
+    if (length === +length) {
+      for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[i], i, obj);
+      }
+    } else {
+      var keys = _.keys(obj);
+      for (i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj);
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element.
+  _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return [];
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        results = Array(length),
+        currentKey;
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  var reduceError = 'Reduce of empty array with no initial value';
+
+  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
+  // or `foldl`.
+  _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 4);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index = 0, currentKey;
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      if (!length) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+      memo = obj[keys ? keys[index++] : index++];
+    }
+    for (; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
+  _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 4);
+    var keys = obj.length !== + obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        index = (keys || obj).length,
+        currentKey;
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      if (!index) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+      memo = obj[keys ? keys[--index] : --index];
+    }
+    while (index--) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
+  _.find = _.detect = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var result;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    _.some(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) {
+        result = value;
+        return true;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `select`.
+  _.filter = _.select = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    if (obj == null) return results;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value);
+    });
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+  _.reject = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    return _.filter(obj, _.negate(_.iteratee(predicate)), context);
+  };
+
+  // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `all`.
+  _.every = _.all = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index, currentKey;
+    for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `any`.
+  _.some = _.any = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index, currentKey;
+    for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if the array or object contains a given value (using `===`).
+  // Aliased as `include`.
+  _.contains = _.include = function(obj, target) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    if (obj.length !== +obj.length) obj = _.values(obj);
+    return _.indexOf(obj, target) >= 0;
+  };
+
+  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
+  _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    var isFunc = _.isFunction(method);
+    return _.map(obj, function(value) {
+      return (isFunc ? method : value[method]).apply(value, args);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
+  _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
+    return _.map(obj, _.property(key));
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
+  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  _.where = function(obj, attrs) {
+    return _.filter(obj, _.matches(attrs));
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
+  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  _.findWhere = function(obj, attrs) {
+    return _.find(obj, _.matches(attrs));
+  };
+
+  // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.max = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null && obj != null) {
+      obj = obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value > result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(value, index, list);
+        if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) {
+          result = value;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.min = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null && obj != null) {
+      obj = obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value < result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(value, index, list);
+        if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) {
+          result = value;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Shuffle a collection, using the modern version of the
+  // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
+  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
+    var set = obj && obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+    var length = set.length;
+    var shuffled = Array(length);
+    for (var index = 0, rand; index < length; index++) {
+      rand = _.random(0, index);
+      if (rand !== index) shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand];
+      shuffled[rand] = set[index];
+    }
+    return shuffled;
+  };
+
+  // Sample **n** random values from a collection.
+  // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element.
+  // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`.
+  _.sample = function(obj, n, guard) {
+    if (n == null || guard) {
+      if (obj.length !== +obj.length) obj = _.values(obj);
+      return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)];
+    }
+    return _.shuffle(obj).slice(0, Math.max(0, n));
+  };
+
+  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee.
+  _.sortBy = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        index: index,
+        criteria: iteratee(value, index, list)
+      };
+    }).sort(function(left, right) {
+      var a = left.criteria;
+      var b = right.criteria;
+      if (a !== b) {
+        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
+        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
+      }
+      return left.index - right.index;
+    }), 'value');
+  };
+
+  // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
+  var group = function(behavior) {
+    return function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+      var result = {};
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index) {
+        var key = iteratee(value, index, obj);
+        behavior(result, value, key);
+      });
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+  _.groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (_.has(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value];
+  });
+
+  // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupBy`, but for
+  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
+  _.indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    result[key] = value;
+  });
+
+  // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
+  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
+  // criterion.
+  _.countBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (_.has(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1;
+  });
+
+  // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
+  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+  _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context, 1);
+    var value = iteratee(obj);
+    var low = 0, high = array.length;
+    while (low < high) {
+      var mid = low + high >>> 1;
+      if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid;
+    }
+    return low;
+  };
+
+  // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
+  _.toArray = function(obj) {
+    if (!obj) return [];
+    if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
+    if (obj.length === +obj.length) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
+    return _.values(obj);
+  };
+
+  // Return the number of elements in an object.
+  _.size = function(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return 0;
+    return obj.length === +obj.length ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
+  };
+
+  // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all satisfy the given
+  // predicate, and one whose elements all do not satisfy the predicate.
+  _.partition = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var pass = [], fail = [];
+    _.each(obj, function(value, key, obj) {
+      (predicate(value, key, obj) ? pass : fail).push(value);
+    });
+    return [pass, fail];
+  };
+
+  // Array Functions
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
+  // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check
+  // allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null) return void 0;
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[0];
+    if (n < 0) return [];
+    return slice.call(array, 0, n);
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
+  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+  // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
+  // `_.map`.
+  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n)));
+  };
+
+  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null) return void 0;
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1];
+    return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0));
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
+  // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return
+  // the rest N values in the array. The **guard**
+  // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n);
+  };
+
+  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+  _.compact = function(array) {
+    return _.filter(array, _.identity);
+  };
+
+  // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
+  var flatten = function(input, shallow, strict, output) {
+    if (shallow && _.every(input, _.isArray)) {
+      return concat.apply(output, input);
+    }
+    for (var i = 0, length = input.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var value = input[i];
+      if (!_.isArray(value) && !_.isArguments(value)) {
+        if (!strict) output.push(value);
+      } else if (shallow) {
+        push.apply(output, value);
+      } else {
+        flatten(value, shallow, strict, output);
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  };
+
+  // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level.
+  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
+    return flatten(array, shallow, false, []);
+  };
+
+  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+  _.without = function(array) {
+    return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  };
+
+  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+  // Aliased as `unique`.
+  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    if (!_.isBoolean(isSorted)) {
+      context = iteratee;
+      iteratee = isSorted;
+      isSorted = false;
+    }
+    if (iteratee != null) iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    var result = [];
+    var seen = [];
+    for (var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var value = array[i];
+      if (isSorted) {
+        if (!i || seen !== value) result.push(value);
+        seen = value;
+      } else if (iteratee) {
+        var computed = iteratee(value, i, array);
+        if (_.indexOf(seen, computed) < 0) {
+          seen.push(computed);
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      } else if (_.indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
+  // the passed-in arrays.
+  _.union = function() {
+    return _.uniq(flatten(arguments, true, true, []));
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+  // passed-in arrays.
+  _.intersection = function(array) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    var result = [];
+    var argsLength = arguments.length;
+    for (var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var item = array[i];
+      if (_.contains(result, item)) continue;
+      for (var j = 1; j < argsLength; j++) {
+        if (!_.contains(arguments[j], item)) break;
+      }
+      if (j === argsLength) result.push(item);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
+  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
+  _.difference = function(array) {
+    var rest = flatten(slice.call(arguments, 1), true, true, []);
+    return _.filter(array, function(value){
+      return !_.contains(rest, value);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+  // an index go together.
+  _.zip = function(array) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    var length = _.max(arguments, 'length').length;
+    var results = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      results[i] = _.pluck(arguments, i);
+    }
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
+  // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
+  // the corresponding values.
+  _.object = function(list, values) {
+    if (list == null) return {};
+    var result = {};
+    for (var i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {
+      if (values) {
+        result[list[i]] = values[i];
+      } else {
+        result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array,
+  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
+  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
+  _.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var i = 0, length = array.length;
+    if (isSorted) {
+      if (typeof isSorted == 'number') {
+        i = isSorted < 0 ? Math.max(0, length + isSorted) : isSorted;
+      } else {
+        i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
+        return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
+      }
+    }
+    for (; i < length; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item, from) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var idx = array.length;
+    if (typeof from == 'number') {
+      idx = from < 0 ? idx + from + 1 : Math.min(idx, from + 1);
+    }
+    while (--idx >= 0) if (array[idx] === item) return idx;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+  // the native Python `range()` function. See
+  // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
+  _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+      stop = start || 0;
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    step = step || 1;
+
+    var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
+    var range = Array(length);
+
+    for (var idx = 0; idx < length; idx++, start += step) {
+      range[idx] = start;
+    }
+
+    return range;
+  };
+
+  // Function (ahem) Functions
+  // ------------------
+
+  // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
+  var Ctor = function(){};
+
+  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
+  // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if
+  // available.
+  _.bind = function(func, context) {
+    var args, bound;
+    if (nativeBind && func.bind === nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
+    args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    bound = function() {
+      if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      Ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
+      var self = new Ctor;
+      Ctor.prototype = null;
+      var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      if (_.isObject(result)) return result;
+      return self;
+    };
+    return bound;
+  };
+
+  // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
+  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. _ acts
+  // as a placeholder, allowing any combination of arguments to be pre-filled.
+  _.partial = function(func) {
+    var boundArgs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return function() {
+      var position = 0;
+      var args = boundArgs.slice();
+      for (var i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++) {
+        if (args[i] === _) args[i] = arguments[position++];
+      }
+      while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]);
+      return func.apply(this, args);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments
+  // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks
+  // defined on an object belong to it.
+  _.bindAll = function(obj) {
+    var i, length = arguments.length, key;
+    if (length <= 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names');
+    for (i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+      key = arguments[i];
+      obj[key] = _.bind(obj[key], obj);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
+  _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
+    var memoize = function(key) {
+      var cache = memoize.cache;
+      var address = hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key;
+      if (!_.has(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      return cache[address];
+    };
+    memoize.cache = {};
+    return memoize;
+  };
+
+  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+  // it with the arguments supplied.
+  _.delay = function(func, wait) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return setTimeout(function(){
+      return func.apply(null, args);
+    }, wait);
+  };
+
+  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+  // cleared.
+  _.defer = function(func) {
+    return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+  // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
+  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
+  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
+  // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
+  _.throttle = function(func, wait, options) {
+    var context, args, result;
+    var timeout = null;
+    var previous = 0;
+    if (!options) options = {};
+    var later = function() {
+      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : _.now();
+      timeout = null;
+      result = func.apply(context, args);
+      if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+    };
+    return function() {
+      var now = _.now();
+      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
+      var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        timeout = null;
+        previous = now;
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
+  // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
+  // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
+  // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
+  _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
+    var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
+
+    var later = function() {
+      var last = _.now() - timestamp;
+
+      if (last < wait && last > 0) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last);
+      } else {
+        timeout = null;
+        if (!immediate) {
+          result = func.apply(context, args);
+          if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    return function() {
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      timestamp = _.now();
+      var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
+      if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+      if (callNow) {
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        context = args = null;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+  // conditionally execute the original function.
+  _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
+    return _.partial(wrapper, func);
+  };
+
+  // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate.
+  _.negate = function(predicate) {
+    return function() {
+      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+  _.compose = function() {
+    var args = arguments;
+    var start = args.length - 1;
+    return function() {
+      var i = start;
+      var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments);
+      while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result);
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
+  _.after = function(times, func) {
+    return function() {
+      if (--times < 1) {
+        return func.apply(this, arguments);
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed before being called N times.
+  _.before = function(times, func) {
+    var memo;
+    return function() {
+      if (--times > 0) {
+        memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      } else {
+        func = null;
+      }
+      return memo;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
+  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
+  _.once = _.partial(_.before, 2);
+
+  // Object Functions
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
+  _.keys = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return [];
+    if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj);
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
+    return keys;
+  };
+
+  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+  _.values = function(obj) {
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    var length = keys.length;
+    var values = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      values[i] = obj[keys[i]];
+    }
+    return values;
+  };
+
+  // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
+  _.pairs = function(obj) {
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    var length = keys.length;
+    var pairs = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]];
+    }
+    return pairs;
+  };
+
+  // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
+  _.invert = function(obj) {
+    var result = {};
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+      result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
+  // Aliased as `methods`
+  _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
+    var names = [];
+    for (var key in obj) {
+      if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
+    }
+    return names.sort();
+  };
+
+  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
+  _.extend = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    var source, prop;
+    for (var i = 1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+      source = arguments[i];
+      for (prop in source) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
+            obj[prop] = source[prop];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
+  _.pick = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = {}, key;
+    if (obj == null) return result;
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context);
+      for (key in obj) {
+        var value = obj[key];
+        if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      var keys = concat.apply([], slice.call(arguments, 1));
+      obj = new Object(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        key = keys[i];
+        if (key in obj) result[key] = obj[key];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+   // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
+  _.omit = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = _.negate(iteratee);
+    } else {
+      var keys = _.map(concat.apply([], slice.call(arguments, 1)), String);
+      iteratee = function(value, key) {
+        return !_.contains(keys, key);
+      };
+    }
+    return _.pick(obj, iteratee, context);
+  };
+
+  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
+  _.defaults = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    for (var i = 1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var source = arguments[i];
+      for (var prop in source) {
+        if (obj[prop] === void 0) obj[prop] = source[prop];
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+  _.clone = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
+  };
+
+  // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
+  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
+  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+  _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
+    interceptor(obj);
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
+  var eq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
+    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+    // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
+    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b;
+    // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
+    if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
+    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
+    if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
+    if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
+    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
+    var className = toString.call(a);
+    if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false;
+    switch (className) {
+      // Strings, numbers, regular expressions, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
+      case '[object RegExp]':
+      // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i')
+      case '[object String]':
+        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
+        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
+        return '' + a === '' + b;
+      case '[object Number]':
+        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
+        // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN
+        if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b;
+        // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values.
+        return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b;
+      case '[object Date]':
+      case '[object Boolean]':
+        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
+        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
+        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
+        return +a === +b;
+    }
+    if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
+    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+    var length = aStack.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+      // unique nested structures.
+      if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b;
+    }
+    // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s
+    // from different frames are.
+    var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
+    if (
+      aCtor !== bCtor &&
+      // Handle Object.create(x) cases
+      'constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b &&
+      !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor &&
+        _.isFunction(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.push(a);
+    bStack.push(b);
+    var size, result;
+    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
+    if (className === '[object Array]') {
+      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
+      size = a.length;
+      result = size === b.length;
+      if (result) {
+        // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
+        while (size--) {
+          if (!(result = eq(a[size], b[size], aStack, bStack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Deep compare objects.
+      var keys = _.keys(a), key;
+      size = keys.length;
+      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality.
+      result = _.keys(b).length === size;
+      if (result) {
+        while (size--) {
+          // Deep compare each member
+          key = keys[size];
+          if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.pop();
+    bStack.pop();
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
+    return eq(a, b, [], []);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
+  _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj) || _.isArguments(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a DOM element?
+  _.isElement = function(obj) {
+    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value an array?
+  // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
+  _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable an object?
+  _.isObject = function(obj) {
+    var type = typeof obj;
+    return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj;
+  };
+
+  // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp.
+  _.each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp'], function(name) {
+    _['is' + name] = function(obj) {
+      return toString.call(obj) === '[object ' + name + ']';
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE), where
+  // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
+  if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
+    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+      return _.has(obj, 'callee');
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around an IE 11 bug.
+  if (typeof /./ !== 'function') {
+    _.isFunction = function(obj) {
+      return typeof obj == 'function' || false;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Is a given object a finite number?
+  _.isFinite = function(obj) {
+    return isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
+  };
+
+  // Is the given value `NaN`? (NaN is the only number which does not equal itself).
+  _.isNaN = function(obj) {
+    return _.isNumber(obj) && obj !== +obj;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a boolean?
+  _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
+    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value equal to null?
+  _.isNull = function(obj) {
+    return obj === null;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable undefined?
+  _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
+    return obj === void 0;
+  };
+
+  // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
+  // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
+  _.has = function(obj, key) {
+    return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
+  };
+
+  // Utility Functions
+  // -----------------
+
+  // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
+  // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
+  _.noConflict = function() {
+    root._ = previousUnderscore;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees.
+  _.identity = function(value) {
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  // Predicate-generating functions. Often useful outside of Underscore.
+  _.constant = function(value) {
+    return function() {
+      return value;
+    };
+  };
+
+  _.noop = function(){};
+
+  _.property = function(key) {
+    return function(obj) {
+      return obj[key];
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs.
+  _.matches = function(attrs) {
+    var pairs = _.pairs(attrs), length = pairs.length;
+    return function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return !length;
+      obj = new Object(obj);
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        var pair = pairs[i], key = pair[0];
+        if (pair[1] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Run a function **n** times.
+  _.times = function(n, iteratee, context) {
+    var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 1);
+    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i);
+    return accum;
+  };
+
+  // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
+  _.random = function(min, max) {
+    if (max == null) {
+      max = min;
+      min = 0;
+    }
+    return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
+  };
+
+  // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer.
+  _.now = Date.now || function() {
+    return new Date().getTime();
+  };
+
+   // List of HTML entities for escaping.
+  var escapeMap = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#x27;',
+    '`': '&#x60;'
+  };
+  var unescapeMap = _.invert(escapeMap);
+
+  // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation.
+  var createEscaper = function(map) {
+    var escaper = function(match) {
+      return map[match];
+    };
+    // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped
+    var source = '(?:' + _.keys(map).join('|') + ')';
+    var testRegexp = RegExp(source);
+    var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g');
+    return function(string) {
+      string = string == null ? '' : '' + string;
+      return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string;
+    };
+  };
+  _.escape = createEscaper(escapeMap);
+  _.unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap);
+
+  // If the value of the named `property` is a function then invoke it with the
+  // `object` as context; otherwise, return it.
+  _.result = function(object, property) {
+    if (object == null) return void 0;
+    var value = object[property];
+    return _.isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
+  };
+
+  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+  var idCounter = 0;
+  _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
+    var id = ++idCounter + '';
+    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+  };
+
+  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
+  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
+  _.templateSettings = {
+    evaluate    : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    escape      : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+  };
+
+  // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
+  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
+  // guaranteed not to match.
+  var noMatch = /(.)^/;
+
+  // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
+  // string literal.
+  var escapes = {
+    "'":      "'",
+    '\\':     '\\',
+    '\r':     'r',
+    '\n':     'n',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g;
+
+  var escapeChar = function(match) {
+    return '\\' + escapes[match];
+  };
+
+  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
+  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
+  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+  // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility.
+  _.template = function(text, settings, oldSettings) {
+    if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings;
+    settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings);
+
+    // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
+    var matcher = RegExp([
+      (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
+    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
+
+    // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
+    var index = 0;
+    var source = "__p+='";
+    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
+      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escaper, escapeChar);
+      index = offset + match.length;
+
+      if (escape) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
+      } else if (interpolate) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
+      } else if (evaluate) {
+        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
+      }
+
+      // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offest.
+      return match;
+    });
+    source += "';\n";
+
+    // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
+    if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
+
+    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
+      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
+      source + 'return __p;\n';
+
+    try {
+      var render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
+    } catch (e) {
+      e.source = source;
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    var template = function(data) {
+      return render.call(this, data, _);
+    };
+
+    // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation.
+    var argument = settings.variable || 'obj';
+    template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}';
+
+    return template;
+  };
+
+  // Add a "chain" function. Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+  _.chain = function(obj) {
+    var instance = _(obj);
+    instance._chain = true;
+    return instance;
+  };
+
+  // OOP
+  // ---------------
+  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
+  // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
+  // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+
+  // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+  var result = function(obj) {
+    return this._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
+  };
+
+  // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
+  _.mixin = function(obj) {
+    _.each(_.functions(obj), function(name) {
+      var func = _[name] = obj[name];
+      _.prototype[name] = function() {
+        var args = [this._wrapped];
+        push.apply(args, arguments);
+        return result.call(this, func.apply(_, args));
+      };
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+  _.mixin(_);
+
+  // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var obj = this._wrapped;
+      method.apply(obj, arguments);
+      if ((name === 'shift' || name === 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
+      return result.call(this, obj);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _.prototype[name] = function() {
+      return result.call(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+  _.prototype.value = function() {
+    return this._wrapped;
+  };
+
+  // AMD registration happens at the end for compatibility with AMD loaders
+  // that may not enforce next-turn semantics on modules. Even though general
+  // practice for AMD registration is to be anonymous, underscore registers
+  // as a named module because, like jQuery, it is a base library that is
+  // popular enough to be bundled in a third party lib, but not be part of
+  // an AMD load request. Those cases could generate an error when an
+  // anonymous define() is called outside of a loader request.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define('underscore', [], function() {
+      return _;
+    });
+  }
+}.call(this));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index 6ad17e019..7e6ca148b 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData',
 	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView'
 	], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,LessonContent) {
+	function($,_,Backbone,LessonContentData,LessonContentView) {
 		'use strict'
 		
 		
@@ -12,14 +12,15 @@ define(['jquery',
 			this.lessonView = options.lessonView;
 			this.lessonContent = new LessonContentData();
 
-			_.extend(this,Backbone.Events);
+			_.extend(Controller.prototype,Backbone.Events);
 			this.start = function() {
 				this.listenTo(this.lessonContent,'contentLoaded',this.onContentLoaded);
+				
 			}
 
 			//load View, which can pull data
 			this.loadLesson = function(scr,menu) {
-				this.lessonContent.loadContent({
+				this.lessonContent.loadData({
 					'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
 					'menu': encodeURIComponent(menu),
 				});
@@ -29,8 +30,19 @@ define(['jquery',
 
 			this.onContentLoaded = function() {
 				//this.lessonView  = new LessonContentView({content:LessonContent.content});
-				//this.lessonView.render();
-				console.debug('loading other stuff');
+				this.lessonView.model = this.lessonContent;
+				this.lessonView.render();
+				//load cookies/parameters view
+				
+				//load help view
+
+				//load title
+
+				//plan
+
+				//solution
+
+				//source
 			}
 			
 		};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
index 02773ebd6..2afff2eb3 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData','goatApp/view/MenuView'], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,MenuData,MenuView) {
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/MenuView'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuView) {
+		 Controller = function(options){
+			options = options || {};
+			this.menuView = options.menuView;
+		 	this.initMenu = function() {
+		 		console.debug('initing menu');
+		 	}
 
+		 	this.updateMenu = function() {
+		 		
+		 	}
+
+		 };
+
+		 return Controller;
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
index b761ce114..1c8fc2e65 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/goatRouter','goatApp/controller/LessonController','goatApp/controller/MenuController'],
-	function($,_,Backbone,Router,LessonController,MenuController){
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/GoatRouter'],
+	function($,_,Backbone,Router){
 		'use strict'
 		//var goatRouter = new Router();
-
 		return {
 			initApp: function() {
 				//TODO: add query/ability to load from where they left off 
 				console.log('initApp')
-				//Router.init();
+				var goatRouter = new Router();
+				goatRouter.init();
 			}
-		}
+		};
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
index dee0b67b0..313e4f23d 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+	 function($,_,Backbone){
 
 	return Backbone.Model.extend({
 		urlRoot:null,
@@ -11,12 +14,36 @@ define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
 		},
 		loadData: function(options) {
 			this.urlRoot = this.baseUrlRoot + +options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
-			var self = this;
-			this.fetch().then(function(content){
-				alert('content loaded');
-				self.content = content;
-				self.trigger('contentLoaded');
+			var self=this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
+				self.setContent(data);
 			});
+			// 	success: function(content) {
+			// 		console.log("content:" + content);
+			// 	},
+			// 	error: function(err) {
+			// 		console.log("error:" + err);
+			// 	},
+			// 	done: function(a,b) {
+			// 		console.log(a);
+			// 		console.log(b);
+			// 	}
+			// });
+		},
+		setContent: function(content) {
+			this.set('content',content);
+			this.trigger('contentLoaded');
+		},
+		fetch: function (options) {
+			options = options || {};
+			return Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.call(this, _.extend({ dataType: "html"}, options));
+			// var self=this;
+			// Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.apply(this, arguments).then(
+			// 	function(content){
+			// 		self.setContent(content);
+			// 	});
+
+			// //override with prototype
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06b981c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/MenuItemModel'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemModel) {
+
+	return Backbone.Collection.extend({
+		model: MenuItemModel,
+		url:'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function (data) {
+				this.models = data;
+				self.onDataLoaded();
+			});
+		},
+		onDataLoaded:function() {
+			this.trigger('menuData:loaded');
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..849c16290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+	function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+
+	});
+
+});
+
+	// accordionMenu = function(id) {
+ //        if ($('ul#' + id).attr('isOpen') == 0) {
+ //            $scope.expandMe = true;
+ //        } else {
+ //            $('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);u
+ //            return;
+ //        }
+ //        $scope.openMenu = id;
+ //        $('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
+ //        if ($scope.expandMe) {
+ //            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
+ //        }
+ //    }
+
+
+		//urlRoot:'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+	// 	defaults: {
+	// 		items:null,
+	// 		selectedItem:null
+	// 	},
+	// 	initialize: function () {
+	// 		var self = this;
+	// 		this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
+	// 			menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+	// 			this.setDataItems(menuItems);
+	// 		});
+	// 	},
+	
+	// 	update: function() {
+	// 		var self = this;
+	// 		this.fetch().then(function(menuItems) {
+	// 			menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+	// 			self.setDataItems(menuItems);
+	// 		});
+	// 	},
+
+	// 	setDataItems: function (data) {
+	// 		this.items = data;
+	// 	}
+	// });
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3129c1c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/controller/LessonController',
+	'goatApp/controller/MenuController',
+	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView',
+	'goatApp/view/MenuView'
+	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonContentView,MenuView) {
+
+		var lessonView = new LessonContentView();
+		var menuView = new MenuView(); 
+		var GoatAppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
+			routes: {
+				//#....
+				'welcome':'welcomeRoute',
+				'attack/:scr/:menu':'attackRoute' //	
+		 	},
+			lessonController: new LessonController({
+				lessonView:lessonView
+			}),
+			menuController: new MenuController({
+				menuView:menuView
+			}),
+
+			init:function() {
+				goatRouter =  new GoatAppRouter();
+				this.lessonController.start();
+				this.menuController.initMenu();
+
+				goatRouter.on('route:attackRoute', function(scr,menu) {
+					console.log('attack route');
+					this.lessonController.loadLesson(scr,menu);
+					this.menuController.updateMenu(scr,menu);
+					//update menu
+				});
+				goatRouter.on('route:welcomeRoute', function() {
+					alert('welcome route');
+				});
+				
+				Backbone.history.start();
+			}
+		});
+
+		return GoatAppRouter;
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
index 653b8abe4..bb84ac465 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -4,22 +4,16 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'backbone',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData'], 
 function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
-	var contentView = Backbone.View.extend({
-		el:'#lessonContent',
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonContentWrapper', //TODO << get this fixed up in DOM
 		initialize: function(options) {
-			//this.content = options.content;
-			this.lessonData = {};
-			this.listenTo(this.lessonData,'sync',this.render);
-		},
-		loadLesson: function(options) {
-			this.lessonData = new LessonData(options.screen,options.menu);
-			
+			options = options || {};
 		},
 		render: function() {
-			alert('render');
-			this.$el.html(this.content);
+			//alert('render');
+			this.$el.html(this.model.get('content'));
 		}
 	});
 
-	return contentView;
+	
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef990ee09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		initialize: function(options) {
+			options = options || {};
+
+		}
+
+
+	});
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index 1e1872508..a5c8108cf 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData) {
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemCollection) {
 
 	return  Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#menuContainer',
 		//TODO: set template
-
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.collection = new MenuItemCollection();
+			this.listenTo(this.collection,'menuData:loaded',this.render);
+		},
 		render: function (model){
 			//TODO: implement own HTML Encoder
-			this.$el.html(buildMenu(items));
+			this.$el.html('render ' + this.collection.length + ' items');//buildMenu(items)
 		},
 		buildMenu: function(items) {
 
@@ -44,6 +51,7 @@ define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData'], function($,_
 				$(goatConstants.getDOMContainers().lessonMenu).html('').append($wholeMenu);
 			};
 			
-		}
+		},
+
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file

From c0aeaa25dcebc48542a67257aa14d818f28cc6b8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 19 May 2015 21:52:44 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 06/19] intial layin of lesson menu

---
 ...enuItemCollection.js => MenuCollection.js} |   4 +-
 .../model/{MenuItemModel.js => MenuModel.js}  |   0
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js    | 175 ++++++++++++++
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js    | 220 ------------------
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js    |  22 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js  |  37 +++
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuStageView.js   |  14 ++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   |  64 ++---
 8 files changed, 269 insertions(+), 267 deletions(-)
 rename src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/{MenuItemCollection.js => MenuCollection.js} (85%)
 rename src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/{MenuItemModel.js => MenuModel.js} (100%)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuStageView.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
similarity index 85%
rename from src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
rename to src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
index 06b981c63..0552f31ae 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
 	'goatApp/model/MenuItemModel'], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemModel) {
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuModel) {
 
 	return Backbone.Collection.extend({
-		model: MenuItemModel,
+		model: MenuModel,
 		url:'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
 		initialize: function () {
 			var self = this;
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js
rename to src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a05b85f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+define(['jquery',
+    'underscore',
+    'backbone'], 
+    function($,
+        _,
+        Backbone) {
+            var goatUtils = {
+                makeId: function(lessonName) {
+                    //var id =
+                    return  lessonName.replace(/\s|\(|\)|\!|\:|\;|\@|\#|\$|\%|\^|\&|\*/g, '');
+                },
+                addMenuClasses: function(arr) {
+                    for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
+                        var menuItem = arr[i];
+                        //console.log(menuItem);
+                        if (menuItem.type && menuItem.type === 'CATEGORY') {
+                            menuItem.class = 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return arr;
+                },
+//                debugFormSubmission: false,
+                // pre-submit callback 
+                showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
+                    if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+                        // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
+                        // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
+                        var queryString = $.param(formData);
+
+                        // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element.  To access the 
+                        // DOM element for the form do this: 
+                        // var formElement = jqForm[0]; 
+
+                        alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);
+                    }
+                    // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; 
+                    // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue 
+                    return true;
+                },
+                // post-submit callback 
+                showResponse: function(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
+                    // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback 
+                    // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property 
+
+                    // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
+                    // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback 
+                    // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property 
+
+                    // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
+                    // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
+                    // is the json data object returned by the server 
+                    if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+                        alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
+                                '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
+                    }
+                    // update lesson cookies and params
+                    // make any embedded forms ajaxy
+                    goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
+                    // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
+                    // but these are safe to call twice
+                    goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
+                    goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
+                    //refresh menu
+                    angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
+                },
+                makeFormsAjax: function() {
+                    // make all forms ajax forms
+                    var options = {
+                        target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
+                        beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+                        success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+
+                                // other available options: 
+                                //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
+                                //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
+                                //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
+                                //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
+                                //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
+
+                                // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
+                                //timeout:   3000 
+                    };
+                    //console.log("Hooking any lesson forms to make them ajax");
+                    $("form").ajaxForm(options);
+                },
+                displayButton: function(id, show) {
+                    if ($('#' + id)) {
+                        if (show) {
+                            $('#' + id).show();
+                        } else {
+                            $('#' + id).hide();
+                        }
+                    }
+                },
+                showLessonCookiesAndParams: function() {
+                    $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {}, function(reply) {
+                        $("#lesson_cookies").html(reply);
+                    }, "html");
+                },
+                showLessonHints: function() {
+                    $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+                    $('#lesson_hint').html();
+                    $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
+                },
+                showLessonSource: function(source) {
+                    $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+                    //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
+                    $('#lesson_source_row').show();
+                    goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+                },
+                showLessonSolution: function() {
+                    $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+                    $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
+                    $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
+                    goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+                },
+                showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
+                    $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+                    $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
+                    $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
+                    goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+                },
+                scrollToHelp: function() {
+                    $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
+                    var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
+                    goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+                },
+                scrollToTop: function() {
+                    $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+                    var target = $('#container');
+                    goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+                },
+                scrollEasy: function(target) {
+                    $('html,body').animate({
+                        scrollTop: target.offset().top
+                    }, 1000);
+                },
+                scrapeParams: function(url) {
+                    if (!url) {
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    var params = url.split('?')[1].split('&');
+                    var paramsArr = [];
+                    for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
+                        var paramObj = {};
+                        paramObj.name = params[i].split('=')[0];
+                        paramObj.value = params[i].split('=')[1];
+                        paramsArr.push(paramObj);
+                    }
+                    return paramsArr;
+                },
+                highlightCurrentLessonMenu: function(id) {
+                    //TODO: move selectors in first two lines into goatConstants
+                    $('ul li.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
+                    $('ul li.selected a.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
+                    $('#' + id).addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
+                    $('#' + id).parent().addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
+                },
+                ajaxifyAttackHref: function() {  // rewrite any links with hrefs point to relative attack URLs             
+                 $.each($('a[href^="attack?"]'),
+        			function(i,el) {
+        				var url = $(el).attr('href');
+        				$(el).unbind('click').attr('href','#').attr('link',url);
+        				//TODO pull currentMenuId
+        				$(el).click(function() {
+        					event.preventDefault();
+        					var _url = $(el).attr('link');
+        					$.get(_url, {success:showResponse});
+        				});
+                    });
+        		}
+        };
+    
+        return goatUtils;
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js
deleted file mode 100644
index ce3426419..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtils.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,220 +0,0 @@
-goatUtils = {
-    //TODO add recursion to handle arr[i].children objects
-    // ... in case lower-level's need classes as well ... don't right now
-    addMenuClasses: function(arr) {
-        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-            var menuItem = arr[i];
-            //console.log(menuItem);
-            if (menuItem.type && menuItem.type === 'CATEGORY') {
-                menuItem.class = 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
-            }
-        }
-        return arr;
-    },
-    debugFormSubmission: false,
-    // pre-submit callback 
-    showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
-        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
-            // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
-            // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
-            var queryString = $.param(formData);
-
-            // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element.  To access the 
-            // DOM element for the form do this: 
-            // var formElement = jqForm[0]; 
-
-            alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);
-        }
-        // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; 
-        // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue 
-        return true;
-    },
-    // post-submit callback 
-    showResponse: function(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
-        // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property 
-
-        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
-        // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property 
-
-        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
-        // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the json data object returned by the server 
-        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
-            alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
-                    '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
-        }
-        // update lesson cookies and params
-        // make any embedded forms ajaxy
-        goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
-        // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
-        // but these are safe to call twice
-        goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
-        goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
-        //refresh menu
-        angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
-    },
-    makeFormsAjax: function() {
-        // make all forms ajax forms
-        var options = {
-            target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
-            beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-            success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-
-                    // other available options: 
-                    //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
-                    //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
-                    //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
-                    //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
-                    //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
-
-                    // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
-                    //timeout:   3000 
-        };
-        //console.log("Hooking any lesson forms to make them ajax");
-        $("form").ajaxForm(options);
-    },
-    enhanceMenuData: function (menuItems,selectedItem) {
-        for (var i = 0; i < menuItems.length; i++) {
-            menuItems[i].id = goatUtils.makeId(menuItems[i].name);//TODO move the replace routine into util function
-            if (selectedItem) {
-            }
-            //TODO: maintain state marker on refresh
-            //menuItems[i].displayClass = ($scope.openMenu === menuItems[i].id) ? goatConstants.getClasses().keepOpenClass : '';
-            //TODO: move to utility method
-            if (menuItems[i].children) {
-                for (var j = 0; j < menuItems[i].children.length; j++) {
-                    menuItems[i].children[j].id = goatUtils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].name);
-                    //handle selected Menu state
-                    if (menuItems[i].children[j].id ===  selectedItem) {
-                        menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
-                        menuItems[i].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
-                    }
-                    //handle complete state
-                    if (menuItems[i].children[j].complete) {
-                        menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = goatConstants.getClasses().lessonCompleteClass;
-                    } else {
-                        menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = '';
-                    }
-                    if (menuItems[i].children[j].children) {
-                        for (var k = 0; k < menuItems[i].children[j].children.length; k++) {
-                            //TODO make utility function for name >> id
-                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = goatUtils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name);
-                            //menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name.replace(/\s|\(|\)/g,'');
-                            //handle selected Menu state
-                            if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id === selectedItem) {
-                                menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
-                                menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.getClasses().selectedMenuClass;
-                            }
-                            //handle complete state
-                            if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].complete) {
-                                menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = goatConstants.lessonCompleteClass;
-                            } else {
-                                menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = ''
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        } // done parsing menuItems
-    },
-    //
-    displayButton: function(id, show) {
-        if ($('#' + id)) {
-            if (show) {
-                $('#' + id).show();
-            } else {
-                $('#' + id).hide();
-            }
-        }
-    },
-    showLessonCookiesAndParams: function() {
-        $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {}, function(reply) {
-            $("#lesson_cookies").html(reply);
-        }, "html");
-    },
-    showLessonHints: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_hint').html();
-        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
-    },
-    showLessonSource: function(source) {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
-        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    showLessonSolution: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
-        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
-        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    scrollToHelp: function() {
-        $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
-        var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
-        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
-    },
-    scrollToTop: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        var target = $('#container');
-        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
-    },
-    scrollEasy: function(target) {
-        $('html,body').animate({
-            scrollTop: target.offset().top
-        }, 1000);
-    },
-    scrapeParams: function(url) {
-        if (!url) {
-            return;
-        }
-        var params = url.split('?')[1].split('&');
-        var paramsArr = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
-            var paramObj = {};
-            paramObj.name = params[i].split('=')[0];
-            paramObj.value = params[i].split('=')[1];
-            paramsArr.push(paramObj);
-        }
-        return paramsArr;
-    },
-    highlightCurrentLessonMenu: function(id) {
-        //TODO: move selectors in first two lines into goatConstants
-        $('ul li.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
-        $('ul li.selected a.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
-        $('#' + id).addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
-        $('#' + id).parent().addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
-    },
-    makeId: function(lessonName) {
-        return lessonName.replace(/\s|\(|\)|\!|\:|\;|\@|\#|\$|\%|\^|\&|\*/g, '');//TODO move the replace routine into util function
-    },
-    ajaxifyAttackHref: function() {
-        // rewrite any links with hrefs point to relative attack URLs
-         $.each($('a[href^="attack?"]'),
-			function(i,el) {
-				var url = $(el).attr('href');
-				$(el).unbind('click').attr('href','#').attr('link',url);
-				//TODO pull currentMenuId
-				$(el).click(function() {
-					event.preventDefault();
-					var _url = $(el).attr('link');
-					$.get(_url, {success:showResponse});
-				}
-			);
-         });
-    }
-};
-
-
-$(window).resize(function() {
-    //$('#leftside-navigation').css('height',$('div.panel-body').height());
-    console.log($(window).height());
-});
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
index ef990ee09..104df4c42 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
@@ -1,14 +1,30 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
-	'backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/support/GoatUtils',
+	'goatApp/view/MenuItemView'],
+	function(
+		$,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		GoatUtils,
+		MenuItemView) {
 
 	return Backbone.View.extend({
 		initialize: function(options) {
 			options = options || {};
-
+			this.items = options.items;
+		},
+		render: function() {
+			var viewItems = [];
+			for (var i=0;i<this.items.length;i++) {
+				var listItem = $('<li>',{text:this.items[i].name});
+				//viewItems
+				viewItems.push(listItem);
+			}
+			return viewItems;
 		}
 
-
 	});
 
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62a0b7807
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// define(['jquery',
+// 	'underscore',
+// 	'backbone',
+// 	'goatApp/model/MenuItemModel',
+// 	'goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection'],
+// 	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemModel,MenuItemCollection) {
+
+// 	return Backbone.View.extend({
+// 		initialize: function(options) {
+// 			options = options || {};
+// 			//if children, generate Stage views
+// 			this.collection = new MenuItemCollection();
+// 			this.collection.set(options.collection);
+// 		},
+// 		render: function() {
+// 			//example
+// 			/*
+// 			"name": "Using an Access Control Matrix",
+// 			"type": "LESSON",
+// 			"children": [ ],
+// 			"complete": false,
+// 			"link": "#attack/18/200",
+// 			"showSource": true,
+// 			"showHints": true
+// 			*/
+// 			var link = $('<a>',{});
+// 			var listItem = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu',text:this.model.get('name')});
+
+// 			listItem.append(link);
+// 				//this.model.get('name') + this.model.get('children').length + '</li>';
+// 			return listItem;
+// 		}
+
+
+// 	});
+
+// });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuStageView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuStageView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef990ee09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuStageView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		initialize: function(options) {
+			options = options || {};
+
+		}
+
+
+	});
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index a5c8108cf..18376b270 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -1,57 +1,37 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
-	'goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection'], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemCollection) {
+	'goatApp/model/MenuCollection',
+	'goatApp/view/MenuItemView'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuCollection,MenuItemView) {
 
 	return  Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#menuContainer',
 		//TODO: set template
 		initialize: function() {
-			this.collection = new MenuItemCollection();
+			this.collection = new MenuCollection();
 			this.listenTo(this.collection,'menuData:loaded',this.render);
 		},
+		// rendering top level menu
 		render: function (model){
-			//TODO: implement own HTML Encoder
-			this.$el.html('render ' + this.collection.length + ' items');//buildMenu(items)
-		},
-		buildMenu: function(items) {
-
-			var menuData = new MenuData();
-
-			var i, j, k, $wholeMenu, $menuCat, itemClass, $lessonItem, lessons, stages, $stageItem;
-			var _renderMenu = function (items) {
-				$wholeMenu = $('<ul>');
-				for (var i=0;i<items.length;i++){
-					// should be at category level ...
-					itemClass = (items[i].class || '');
-					if (items[i].type && items.type === 'CATEGORY') {
-						itemClass += 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
-					}
-					var $menuCat = $('<li>',{text:items[i].name,class:itemClass});
-					$wholeMenu.append($menuCat);
-					var lessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages' + items[0].displayClass,id:items[0].id}) //
-					// first tier lessons
-					var lessons = items[i].children;
-					for (j=0;j<lessons.length;j++) {
-						itemClass = (lessons[j].class || '');
-						$lessonItem = $('<li>',{text:lessons[j].name,id:lessons[j].id});//add click
-						lessonList.append($lessonItem);
-						//stages (children of lesson)
-						stages = lessons[j].children;
-						for (k=0;k<stages.length;k++) {
-							$stageItem = $('<li>',{text:stages[k].name,id:stages[k].id});
-							lessonList.append($stageItem);
-						}
-					}
-					$menuCat.append(lessonList);
+			var items = this.collection.models; // top level items
+			var menuMarkup = '';
+			var menuUl = $('<ul>',{class:'nano-content'});
+			for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++) {
+				var category = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu'});
+				var catLink = $('<a>',{text:items[i].get('name')});
+				category.append(catLink);
+				// lesson level (first children level)
+				var categoryLessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages'});
+				var catItems = new MenuItemView({items:items[i].get('children')}).render();
+				for (var j=0;j< catItems.length;j++) {
+					categoryLessonList.append(catItems[j]);
 				}
-				return $wholeMenu;
-				//$wholeMenu.append($menuCat);
-				$(goatConstants.getDOMContainers().lessonMenu).html('').append($wholeMenu);
-			};
-			
-		},
+				category.append(categoryLessonList);
+				menuUl.append(category);
+			}
+			this.$el.append(menuUl);
 
+		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file

From 219671061d788dac2549bb877b908ff1b748181d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2015 23:22:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 07/19] increment commit on menu

---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js | 53 ++++++++++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 41 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index 18376b270..27a0f8639 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -2,9 +2,15 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
 	'goatApp/model/MenuCollection',
-	'goatApp/view/MenuItemView'], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,MenuCollection,MenuItemView) {
-
+	'goatApp/view/MenuItemView',
+	'goatApp/support/GoatUtils'], 
+	function(
+		$,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		MenuCollection,
+		MenuItemView,
+		GoatUtils) {
 	return  Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#menuContainer',
 		//TODO: set template
@@ -14,20 +20,43 @@ define(['jquery',
 		},
 		// rendering top level menu
 		render: function (model){
-			var items = this.collection.models; // top level items
+			//for now, just brute force
+			//TODO: refactor into sub-views/components
+			var items, catItems, stages;
+			items = this.collection.models; // top level items
 			var menuMarkup = '';
 			var menuUl = $('<ul>',{class:'nano-content'});
-			for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++) {
-				var category = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu'});
-				var catLink = $('<a>',{text:items[i].get('name')});
+			for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++) { //CATEGORY LEVEL
+				var category = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu ng-scope'});
+				var catLink = $('<a>');
+				var catArrow = $('<i>',{class:'fa fa-angle-right pull-right'});
+				var catLinkText = $('<span>',{text:items[i].get('name')});
+				catLink.append(catArrow);
+				catLink.append(catLinkText);
+				//TODO: bind catLink to accordion and selection method
 				category.append(catLink);
 				// lesson level (first children level)
-				var categoryLessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages'});
-				var catItems = new MenuItemView({items:items[i].get('children')}).render();
-				for (var j=0;j< catItems.length;j++) {
-					categoryLessonList.append(catItems[j]);
+				//var lessons = new MenuItemView({items:items[i].get('children')}).render();
+				var lessons=items[i].get('children');
+				if (lessons) {
+					var categoryLessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages'}); //keepOpen
+					for (var j=0; j < lessons.length;j++) {
+						var lessonItem = $('<li>');
+						var lessonLink = $('<a>',{href:lessons[j].link,text:lessons[j].name,id:GoatUtils.makeId(lessons[j].name)});
+						lessonItem.append(lessonLink);
+						//check for lab/stages
+						categoryLessonList.append(lessonLink);
+						var stages = lessons[j].get('children');
+						for (k=0; k < stages.length; k++) {
+							var stageSpan = $('<span>');
+							var stageLink = $('<a>',{href:stages[k].link,text:stages[k].name,id:GoatUtils.makeId(stages[k].name)});
+							stageSpan.append(stageLink);
+							categoryLessonList.append(stageSpan);
+						}
+					}
+					category.append(categoryLessonList);
 				}
-				category.append(categoryLessonList);
+				
 				menuUl.append(category);
 			}
 			this.$el.append(menuUl);

From d362e0253b4ee397c0ff90518e749dcda5ecfe06 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2015 00:04:41 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 08/19] fix from previous commit/push that was out of sync

---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index 27a0f8639..a8508fe0c 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 						lessonItem.append(lessonLink);
 						//check for lab/stages
 						categoryLessonList.append(lessonLink);
-						var stages = lessons[j].get('children');
+						var stages = lessons[j].children;
 						for (k=0; k < stages.length; k++) {
 							var stageSpan = $('<span>');
 							var stageLink = $('<a>',{href:stages[k].link,text:stages[k].name,id:GoatUtils.makeId(stages[k].name)});

From 5e47459962ca3177f128dca8cc8762fa4f75b188 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2015 10:04:22 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 09/19] more menu work

---
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp    |   2 +-
 src/main/webapp/css/main.css                  |  36 +--
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js |   4 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js |  26 --
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js    |  24 +-
 .../js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js       |   2 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   |   4 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js           |  35 +++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js         | 265 ++++++++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js                |  44 +++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js              | 110 ++++++++
 .../js/{goatApp/support => }/goatUtil.js      |   0
 12 files changed, 490 insertions(+), 62 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js
 rename src/main/webapp/js/{goatApp/support => }/goatUtil.js (100%)

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index 2aaf174a7..ce8ad6982 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@
             </header>
 
             <aside class="sidebar" >
-                <div id="menuContainer"></div>
+                <div id="menu-container"></div>
             </aside>
             <!--sidebar left end-->
 
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/css/main.css b/src/main/webapp/css/main.css
index 87bbecd7d..9c45a472e 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/css/main.css
+++ b/src/main/webapp/css/main.css
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@ cookieContainer {
   z-index: 100;
 }
 
-#leftside-navigation {
+#menu-container {
   overflow-y:scroll;
   overflow-x:hidden;
 }
@@ -761,18 +761,18 @@ cookieContainer {
 .sidebar-toggle {
   margin-left: -240px;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul,
-#leftside-navigation ul ul {
+#menu-container ul,
+#menu-container ul ul {
   margin: -2px 0 0;
   padding: 0;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul li {
+#menu-container ul li {
   list-style-type: none;
   border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05);
 }
 
 
-#leftside-navigation ul li a {
+#menu-container ul li a {
   color: #aeb2b7;
   text-decoration: none;
   display: block;
@@ -785,38 +785,38 @@ cookieContainer {
   -ms-transition: all 200ms ease-in;
   transition: all 200ms ease-in;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul li a span {
+#menu-container ul li a span {
   display: inline-block;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul ul li {
+#menu-container ul ul li {
   background: #333;
   margin-bottom: 0;
   margin-left: 0;
   margin-right: 0;
   border-bottom: none;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul ul li a {
+#menu-container ul ul li a {
   font-size: 11px;
   padding-top: 5px;
   padding-bottom: 5px;
   color: #aeb2b7;
   margin-left:8px;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul li a i {
+#menu-container ul li a i {
   width: 20px;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul li a i.fa-angle-right,
-#leftside-navigation ul li a i.fa-angle-left {
+#menu-container ul li a i.fa-angle-right,
+#menu-container ul li a i.fa-angle-left {
   padding-top: 3px;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul ul {
+#menu-container ul ul {
   display: none;
 }
-#leftside-navigation li.active ul {
+#menu-container li.active ul {
   display: block;
 }
-#leftside-navigation ul li a:hover,
-#leftside-navigation ul li.active > a {
+#menu-container ul li a:hover,
+#menu-container ul li.active > a {
   color: #e84c3d;
 }
 
@@ -827,15 +827,15 @@ cookieContainer {
     padding-top: 15px;
 }
 
-#leftside-navigation ul li.selected {
+#menu-container ul li.selected {
     background-color: #555;
 }
 
-#leftside-navigation ul li.selected a.selected {
+#menu-container ul li.selected a.selected {
   color:white;
 }
 
-#leftside-navigation ul ul.lessonsAndStages.keepOpen {
+#menu-container ul ul.lessonsAndStages.keepOpen {
   display: block
 }
 
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
index 0552f31ae..2c10179af 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
-	'goatApp/model/MenuItemModel'], 
+	'goatApp/model/MenuModel'], 
 	function($,_,Backbone,MenuModel) {
 
 	return Backbone.Collection.extend({
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ define(['jquery',
 			this.trigger('menuData:loaded');
 		}
 	});
-});
\ No newline at end of file
+})
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
index 849c16290..f141d1108 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
@@ -23,29 +23,3 @@ define(['jquery',
  //        }
  //    }
 
-
-		//urlRoot:'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
-	// 	defaults: {
-	// 		items:null,
-	// 		selectedItem:null
-	// 	},
-	// 	initialize: function () {
-	// 		var self = this;
-	// 		this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
-	// 			menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
-	// 			this.setDataItems(menuItems);
-	// 		});
-	// 	},
-	
-	// 	update: function() {
-	// 		var self = this;
-	// 		this.fetch().then(function(menuItems) {
-	// 			menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
-	// 			self.setDataItems(menuItems);
-	// 		});
-	// 	},
-
-	// 	setDataItems: function (data) {
-	// 		this.items = data;
-	// 	}
-	// });
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
index a05b85f14..0812fe92a 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 //                debugFormSubmission: false,
                 // pre-submit callback 
                 showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
-                    if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+                    if (GoatUtils.debugFormSubmission) {
                         // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
                         // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
                         var queryString = $.param(formData);
@@ -49,17 +49,17 @@ define(['jquery',
                     // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
                     // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
                     // is the json data object returned by the server 
-                    if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
+                    if (GoatUtils.debugFormSubmission) {
                         alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
                                 '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
                     }
                     // update lesson cookies and params
                     // make any embedded forms ajaxy
-                    goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
+                    GoatUtils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
                     // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
                     // but these are safe to call twice
-                    goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
-                    goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
+                    GoatUtils.makeFormsAjax();
+                    GoatUtils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
                     //refresh menu
                     angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
                 },
@@ -67,8 +67,8 @@ define(['jquery',
                     // make all forms ajax forms
                     var options = {
                         target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
-                        beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-                        success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+                        beforeSubmit: GoatUtils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+                        success: GoatUtils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
 
                                 // other available options: 
                                 //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
@@ -106,29 +106,29 @@ define(['jquery',
                     $('.lessonHelp').hide();
                     //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
                     $('#lesson_source_row').show();
-                    goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+                    GoatUtils.scrollToHelp();
                 },
                 showLessonSolution: function() {
                     $('.lessonHelp').hide();
                     $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
                     $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
-                    goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+                    GoatUtils.scrollToHelp();
                 },
                 showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
                     $('.lessonHelp').hide();
                     $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
                     $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
-                    goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+                    GoatUtils.scrollToHelp();
                 },
                 scrollToHelp: function() {
                     $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
                     var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
-                    goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+                    GoatUtils.scrollEasy(target);
                 },
                 scrollToTop: function() {
                     $('.lessonHelp').hide();
                     var target = $('#container');
-                    goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
+                    GoatUtils.scrollEasy(target);
                 },
                 scrollEasy: function(target) {
                     $('html,body').animate({
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js
index d7d7a44da..425d16236 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatConstants.js
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ var goatConstants = {
 	},
 	getDOMContainers:function() {
 		return {
-			lessonMenu: '#menuContainer'
+			lessonMenu: '#menu-container'
 		}
 	}
 };
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index a8508fe0c..38b732266 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/support/GoatUtils'], 
 	function(
 		$,
-		_,
+		_,t
 		Backbone,
 		MenuCollection,
 		MenuItemView,
 		GoatUtils) {
 	return  Backbone.View.extend({
-		el:'#menuContainer',
+		el:'#menu-container',
 		//TODO: set template
 		initialize: function() {
 			this.collection = new MenuCollection();
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..793344f46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatConstants.js
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//goatConstants
+
+var goatConstants = {
+	CATEGORYCLASS:'fa-angle-right pull-right',
+	lessonCompleteClass:'glyphicon glyphicon-check lessonComplete',
+	selectedMenuClass:'selected',
+	keepOpenClass:'keepOpen',
+	menuPrefix : [
+		{
+		name:'LESSONS',
+		type:'STATIC',
+		complete:false,
+		link:'',
+		children:null,
+		class:'fa-bars static'
+	}],
+	//services
+	lessonService: 'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+	cookieService: 'service/cookie.mvc', //cookies_widget.mvc
+	hintService:'service/hint.mvc',
+	sourceService:'service/source.mvc',
+	solutionService:'service/solution.mvc',
+	lessonPlanService:'service/lessonplan.mvc',
+	menuService: 'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+	lessonTitleService: 'service/lessontitle.mvc',
+	restartLessonService: 'service/restartlesson.mvc',
+	
+	// literal messages
+	notFound: 'Could not find',
+	noHints: 'There are no hints defined.',
+	noSourcePulled: 'No source was retrieved for this lesson'
+	
+};
+
+
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2d3c31d19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatControllers.js
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+//main goat application file
+//TODO: reorg
+
+/* ### GOAT CONTROLLERS ### */
+
+/* menu controller */
+var goatMenu = function($scope, $http, $modal, $log, $templateCache) {
+    $scope.cookies = [];
+    $scope.params = [];
+    $scope.renderMenu = function() {
+        goat.data.loadMenu($http).then(//$http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonService})
+                function(menuData) {
+                    var menuItems = goat.utils.addMenuClasses(goatConstants.menuPrefix.concat(menuData.data));
+                    //top-tier 'categories'
+                    for (var i = 0; i < menuItems.length; i++) {
+                        menuItems[i].id = goat.utils.makeId(menuItems[i].name);//TODO move the replace routine into util function
+                        menuItems[i].displayClass = ($scope.openMenu === menuItems[i].id) ? goatConstants.keepOpenClass : '';
+                        if (menuItems[i].children) {
+                            for (var j = 0; j < menuItems[i].children.length; j++) {
+                                menuItems[i].children[j].id = goat.utils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].name);
+                                //handle selected Menu state
+                                if (menuItems[i].children[j].id === $scope.curMenuItemSelected) {
+                                    menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
+                                    menuItems[i].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
+                                }
+                                //handle complete state
+                                if (menuItems[i].children[j].complete) {
+                                    menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = goatConstants.lessonCompleteClass;
+                                } else {
+                                    menuItems[i].children[j].completeClass = '';
+                                }
+                                if (menuItems[i].children[j].children) {
+                                    for (var k = 0; k < menuItems[i].children[j].children.length; k++) {
+                                        //TODO make utility function for name >> id
+                                        menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = goat.utils.makeId(menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name);
+                                        //menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id = menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].name.replace(/\s|\(|\)/g,'');
+                                        //handle selected Menu state
+                                        if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].id === $scope.curMenuItemSelected) {
+                                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
+                                            menuItems[i].children[j].selectedClass = goatConstants.selectedMenuClass;
+                                        }
+                                        //handle complete state
+                                        if (menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].complete) {
+                                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = goatConstants.lessonCompleteClass;
+                                        } else {
+                                            menuItems[i].children[j].children[k].completeClass = ''
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    $scope.menuTopics = menuItems;
+                    //
+                    if ($scope.openMenu) {
+                        $('ul' + $scope.openMenu).show();
+                    }
+
+                },
+                function(error) {
+                    // TODO - handle this some way other than an alert
+                    console.error("Error rendering menu: " + error);
+                }
+        );
+    };
+
+    $scope.renderLesson = function(id, url, showControls) {//TODO convert to single object parameter
+        $scope.hintIndex = 0;
+        var curScope = $scope;
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        // clean up menus, mark selected
+        $scope.curMenuItemSelected = id;
+        goat.utils.highlightCurrentLessonMenu(id);
+        curScope.parameters = goat.utils.scrapeParams(url);
+        // lesson content
+        goat.data.loadLessonContent($http, url).then(
+                function(reply) {
+                    goat.data.loadLessonTitle($http).then(
+                            function(reply) {
+                                $("#lessonTitle").text(reply.data);
+                            }
+                    );
+                    //TODO encode html or get angular js portion working
+                    $("#lesson_content").html(reply.data);
+                    //hook forms and links (safe to call twice)
+                    // links are hooked with each lesson now (see Java class Screen.getContent())
+                    goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();// inject form?
+                    goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref();
+                    $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)//TODO: get ride of fixed value (15)here
+                    //notifies goatLesson Controller of the less change
+                    $scope.$emit('lessonUpdate', {params: curScope.parameters, 'showControls': showControls});
+                }
+        )
+        $scope.renderMenu();
+    };
+    $scope.accordionMenu = function(id) {
+        if ($('ul#' + id).attr('isOpen') == 0) {
+            $scope.expandMe = true;
+        } else {
+            $('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
+            return;
+        }
+        $scope.openMenu = id;
+        $('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
+        if ($scope.expandMe) {
+            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
+        }
+    }
+    $scope.renderMenu();
+    // runs on first loadcan be augmented later to '
+    // resume' for a given user ... currently kluged to start at fixed lesson
+    var url = 'attack?Screen=32&menu=5';
+    angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderLesson(null, url);
+}
+
+/* lesson controller */
+var goatLesson = function($scope, $http, $log) {
+
+    $('#hintsView').hide();
+    // adjust menu to lessonContent size if necssary
+    //cookies
+
+    $scope.$on('lessonUpdate', function(params) {
+        $scope.parameters = arguments[1].params;
+        $scope.showHints = (arguments[1].showControls && arguments[1].showControls.showHints);
+        $scope.showSource = (arguments[1].showControls && arguments[1].showControls.showSource);
+        curScope = $scope; //TODO .. update below, this curScope is probably not needed
+        goat.data.loadCookies($http).then(
+                function(resp) {
+                    curScope.cookies = resp.data;
+                }
+        );
+        //hints
+        curScope.hintIndex = 0;
+        if ($scope.showHints) {
+            goat.data.loadHints($http).then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        curScope.hints = resp.data;
+                        if (curScope.hints.length > 0 && curScope.hints[0].hint.indexOf(goatConstants.noHints) === -1) {
+                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn', true);
+                        } else {
+                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn', false);
+                        }
+                    }
+            );
+        } else {
+            $scope.hints = null;
+            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn', false);
+        }
+        //source
+        if ($scope.showSource) {
+            goat.data.loadSource($http).then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        curScope.source = resp.data;
+                    }
+            );
+        } else {
+            $scope.source = goatConstants.noSourcePulled;
+        }
+
+        //plan
+        goat.data.loadPlan($http).then(
+                function(resp) {
+                    curScope.plan = resp.data;
+                }
+        );
+        //solution
+        goat.data.loadSolution($http).then(
+                function(resp) {
+                    curScope.solution = resp.data;
+                }
+        );
+    });
+
+    //goat.utils.scrollToTop();
+
+
+    $scope.showLessonSource = function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    }
+
+    $scope.showLessonPlan = function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $("#lesson_plan").html($scope.plan);
+        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    }
+
+    $scope.showLessonSolution = function() {
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $("#lesson_solution").html($scope.solution);
+        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
+        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+    }
+
+    $scope.manageHintButtons = function() {
+        if ($scope.hintIndex === $scope.hints.length - 1) {
+            $('#showNextHintBtn').css('visibility', 'hidden');
+        } else if ($scope.hintIndex < $scope.hints.length - 1) {
+            $('#showNextHintBtn').css('visibility', 'visible');
+        }
+        //
+        if ($scope.hintIndex === 0) {
+            $('#showPrevHintBtn').css('visibility', 'hidden');
+        } else if ($scope.hintIndex > 0) {
+            $('#showPrevHintBtn').css('visibility', 'visible');
+        }
+    };
+
+    $scope.viewHints = function() {
+        if (!$scope.hints) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
+        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
+        //goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
+        //TODO
+        $scope.curHint = $scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint;
+        //$scope.curHint = $sce.trustAsHtml($scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint);
+        //TODO get html binding workin in the UI ... in the meantime ...
+        //$scope.renderCurHint();
+        $scope.manageHintButtons();
+    };
+
+    $scope.viewNextHint = function() {
+        $scope.hintIndex++;
+        $scope.curHint = $scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint;
+        $scope.renderCurHint();
+        $scope.manageHintButtons();
+    };
+
+    $scope.viewPrevHint = function() {
+        $scope.hintIndex--;
+        $scope.curHint = $scope.hints[$scope.hintIndex].hint;
+        $scope.renderCurHint();
+        $scope.manageHintButtons();
+    };
+
+    $scope.renderCurHint = function() {
+        $('#curHintContainer').html($scope.curHint);
+    }
+
+    $scope.hideHints = function() {
+
+    };
+
+    $scope.restartLesson = function() {
+        goat.data.loadRestart($http).then(
+                function(resp) {
+                    angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderLesson(null, resp.data, {showSource: $scope.showSource, showHints: $scope.showHints});
+                }
+        )
+    }
+
+    $scope.showAbout = function() {
+        $('#aboutModal').modal({
+            //remote: 'about.mvc'
+        });
+    };
+}
+
+
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b01f0f873
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatData.js
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* ### GOAT DATA/PROMISES ### */
+
+goat.data = {
+    /**** jQuery loads ... ****/
+    loadLessonContent: function ($http,_url) {
+    //TODO: switch to $http (angular) later
+        return $http({method:'GET', url: _url});
+    //return $.get(_url, {}, null, "html");
+    },
+    loadCookies: function($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.cookieService});
+        //return $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {});
+    },
+    loadHints: function ($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.hintService});
+        //return $.get(goatConstants.hintService, {});
+    },
+    loadSource: function($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.sourceService});
+        //return $.get(goatConstants.sourceService, {});
+    },
+    loadSolution: function ($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.solutionService});
+        //return $.get(goatConstants.solutionService, {});
+    },
+    loadPlan: function ($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonPlanService});
+        //return $.get(goatConstants.lessonPlanService, {});
+    },
+    loadParams: function($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.paramsService});
+        //return $.get(goatConstants.paramsService,{});
+    },
+    loadMenu: function($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonService});
+    },
+    loadLessonTitle: function ($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url: goatConstants.lessonTitleService});
+    },
+    loadRestart: function ($http) {
+        return $http({method: 'GET', url:goatConstants.restartLessonService})
+    }
+    
+};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ad6939c4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatLesson.js
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// goat.lesson name space
+goat.lesson = {
+    CurLesson: function(_lessonUrl) {
+        return {
+            hints:[],
+            hintIndex:0,
+            solution:null,
+            plan:null,
+            cookiesAndParams:[],
+            params:[],
+            source:null,
+            lessonUrl:(_lessonUrl || null),
+            clearInfo: function() {
+                this.hints = null;
+                this.solution = null;
+                this.plan = null;
+                this.cookies = null;
+                this.source = null;
+                this.params = null;
+            },
+            loadInfo: function() {
+                this.getHints();
+                this.getPlan();
+                this.getSolution();
+                this.getCookies();
+                this.getSource();
+                this.getParams();
+            },
+            getHints:function() {
+                var scope = this;
+                goat.data.loadHints().then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        scope.hints = resp.data;
+                        if (scope.hints.length > 0 && scope.hints[0].hint.indexOf(goatConstants.noHints) === -1) {
+                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn',true);
+                        } else {
+                            goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn',false);
+                        }
+                        return scope;
+                    },
+                    function(err){
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showHintsBtn',false);
+                        //TODO handle errors
+                    }
+                );
+            },
+            getSolution:function() {
+                var scope = this;
+                goat.data.loadSolution().then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        scope.solution = resp.data;
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSolutionBtn',true);
+                        $('#showSolutionBtn').unbind().click(goat.utils.showLessonSolution);
+                        return scope;
+                    },
+                    function(err){
+                        scope.solution = null;
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSolutionBtn',false);
+                        //TODO handle errors
+                    }
+                );                
+            },
+            getPlan: function() {
+                var scope = this;
+                goat.data.loadPlan().then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        scope.plan = resp.data;
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showPlanBtn',true);
+                        $('#showPlanBtn').unbind().click(goat.utils.showLessonPlan);
+                        return scope;
+                    },
+                    function(err){
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showPlanBtn',false);
+                        //TODO handle errors
+                    }
+                );
+            },
+            getSource: function() {
+                var scope = this;
+                goat.data.loadSource().then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        scope.source = resp.data;
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSourceBtn',true);
+                        $('#showSourceBtn').unbind().click(goat.utils.showLessonSource);
+                        return scope;
+                    },
+                    function(err){
+                        goat.utils.displayButton('showSourceBtn',false);
+                        //TODO handle errors
+                    }
+                );
+            },
+            getCookies: function() {
+                var scope = this;
+                goat.data.loadCookies().then(
+                    function(resp) {
+                        scope.cookies = resp.data;
+                        return scope;
+                    },
+                    function(err){
+                        //TODO handle errors
+                    }
+                );
+            },
+            getParams: function() {
+                this.params = goat.utils.scrapeParams(this.lessonUrl);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js
similarity index 100%
rename from src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/goatUtil.js
rename to src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js

From b6ed151e1d79dd00c99fcf596019f82803f0cedf Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2015 12:57:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 10/19] menu slide/Up Down working, other clean up

---
 .../org/owasp/webgoat/session/Screen.java     |   4 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   |  47 ++++-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js                | 189 ------------------
 3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 199 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js

diff --git a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/session/Screen.java b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/session/Screen.java
index d19c46d01..619dfd28c 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/session/Screen.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/session/Screen.java
@@ -198,9 +198,9 @@ public abstract class Screen {
 
     // hook all the links
     public String getContent() {
-        String makeAllAjax = "<script>goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref();</script>";
+        //String makeAllAjax = "<script>goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref();</script>";
         // need to do this here as some of the lessons render forms after submission of an ajax form
-        return (content == null) ? "" : content.toString() + makeAllAjax;
+        return (content == null) ? "" : content.toString();// + makeAllAjax;
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index 38b732266..bace41047 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/support/GoatUtils'], 
 	function(
 		$,
-		_,t
+		_,
 		Backbone,
 		MenuCollection,
 		MenuItemView,
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 		initialize: function() {
 			this.collection = new MenuCollection();
 			this.listenTo(this.collection,'menuData:loaded',this.render);
+			this.listenTo(this,'menu:click',this.accordionMenu);
 		},
 		// rendering top level menu
 		render: function (model){
@@ -27,25 +28,31 @@ define(['jquery',
 			var menuMarkup = '';
 			var menuUl = $('<ul>',{class:'nano-content'});
 			for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++) { //CATEGORY LEVEL
-				var category = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu ng-scope'});
-				var catLink = $('<a>');
-				var catArrow = $('<i>',{class:'fa fa-angle-right pull-right'});
-				var catLinkText = $('<span>',{text:items[i].get('name')});
+				var catId, category, catLink, catArrow, catLinkText;
+				catId = GoatUtils.makeId(items[i].get('name'));
+				category = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu ng-scope'});
+				catLink = $('<a>',{'category':catId});
+				catArrow = $('<i>',{class:'fa fa-angle-right pull-right'});
+				catLinkText = $('<span>',{text:items[i].get('name')});
+
 				catLink.append(catArrow);
 				catLink.append(catLinkText);
+				//TODO: refactor this along with sub-views/components
+				var self = this;
+				catLink.click(_.bind(this.expandCategory,this,catId));
 				//TODO: bind catLink to accordion and selection method
 				category.append(catLink);
 				// lesson level (first children level)
 				//var lessons = new MenuItemView({items:items[i].get('children')}).render();
 				var lessons=items[i].get('children');
 				if (lessons) {
-					var categoryLessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages'}); //keepOpen
+					var categoryLessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages',id:catId}); //keepOpen
 					for (var j=0; j < lessons.length;j++) {
 						var lessonItem = $('<li>');
 						var lessonLink = $('<a>',{href:lessons[j].link,text:lessons[j].name,id:GoatUtils.makeId(lessons[j].name)});
 						lessonItem.append(lessonLink);
 						//check for lab/stages
-						categoryLessonList.append(lessonLink);
+						categoryLessonList.append(lessonItem);
 						var stages = lessons[j].children;
 						for (k=0; k < stages.length; k++) {
 							var stageSpan = $('<span>');
@@ -56,11 +63,35 @@ define(['jquery',
 					}
 					category.append(categoryLessonList);
 				}
+
 				
 				menuUl.append(category);
 			}
 			this.$el.append(menuUl);
-
+			//if we need to keep a menu open
+			if (this.openMenu) {
+				this.accordionMenu(this.openMenu);
+			}
+		},
+		expandCategory: function (id) {
+			if (id) {
+				this.accordionMenu(id);
+			}
+		},
+		accordionMenu: function(id) {
+	        if (this.openMenu !== id) {
+	        	this.$el.find('#' + id).slideDown(300);
+	        } else { //it's open
+	            this.$el.find('#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
+	            return;
+	        }
+	        this.openMenu = id;
+	        this.$el.find('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300);
+	        /* //legacy angular code that may be usefl 
+	        if ($scope.expandMe) {
+	            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
+	        }
+	        */
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 2e3e1c897..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatUtil.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,189 +0,0 @@
-goat.utils = {
-    //TODO add recursion to handle arr[i].children objects
-    // ... in case lower-level's need classes as well ... don't right now
-    addMenuClasses: function(arr) {
-        for (var i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {
-            var menuItem = arr[i];
-            //console.log(menuItem);
-            if (menuItem.type && menuItem.type === 'CATEGORY') {
-                menuItem.class = 'fa-angle-right pull-right';
-            }
-        }
-        return arr;
-    },
-    debugFormSubmission: false,
-    // pre-submit callback 
-    showRequest: function(formData, jqForm, options) {
-        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
-            // formData is an array; here we use $.param to convert it to a string to display it 
-            // but the form plugin does this for you automatically when it submits the data 
-            var queryString = $.param(formData);
-
-            // jqForm is a jQuery object encapsulating the form element.  To access the 
-            // DOM element for the form do this: 
-            // var formElement = jqForm[0]; 
-
-            alert('About to submit: \n\n' + queryString);
-        }
-        // here we could return false to prevent the form from being submitted; 
-        // returning anything other than false will allow the form submit to continue 
-        return true;
-    },
-    // post-submit callback 
-    showResponse: function(responseText, statusText, xhr, $form) {
-        // for normal html responses, the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseText property 
-
-        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
-        // property set to 'xml' then the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the XMLHttpRequest object's responseXML property 
-
-        // if the ajaxForm method was passed an Options Object with the dataType 
-        // property set to 'json' then the first argument to the success callback 
-        // is the json data object returned by the server 
-        if (goat.utils.debugFormSubmission) {
-            alert('status: ' + statusText + '\n\nresponseText: \n' + responseText +
-                    '\n\nThe output div should have already been updated with the responseText.');
-        }
-        // update lesson cookies and params
-        // make any embedded forms ajaxy
-        goat.utils.showLessonCookiesAndParams();
-        // forms and links are now hooked with each standard lesson render (see Java class Screen.getContent())
-        // but these are safe to call twice
-        goat.utils.makeFormsAjax();
-        goat.utils.ajaxifyAttackHref(); //TODO find some way to hook scope for current menu. Likely needs larger refactor which is already started/stashed
-        //refresh menu
-        angular.element($('#leftside-navigation')).scope().renderMenu();
-    },
-    makeFormsAjax: function() {
-        // make all forms ajax forms
-        var options = {
-            target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
-            beforeSubmit: goat.utils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-            success: goat.utils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
-
-                    // other available options: 
-                    //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
-                    //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
-                    //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
-                    //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
-                    //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
-
-                    // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
-                    //timeout:   3000 
-        };
-        //console.log("Hooking any lesson forms to make them ajax");
-        $("form").ajaxForm(options);
-    },
-    displayButton: function(id, show) {
-        if ($('#' + id)) {
-            if (show) {
-                $('#' + id).show();
-            } else {
-                $('#' + id).hide();
-            }
-        }
-    },
-    showLessonCookiesAndParams: function() {
-        $.get(goatConstants.cookieService, {}, function(reply) {
-            $("#lesson_cookies").html(reply);
-        }, "html");
-    },
-    showLessonHints: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_hint').html();
-        $('#lesson_hint_row').show();
-    },
-    showLessonSource: function(source) {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        //$('#lesson_source').html("<pre>"+goat.lesson.lessonInfo.source+"</pre>");
-        $('#lesson_source_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    showLessonSolution: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $('#lesson_solution').html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.solution);
-        $('#lesson_solution_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    showLessonPlan: function(plan) {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        $("#lesson_plan").html(goat.lesson.lessonInfo.plan);
-        $('#lesson_plan_row').show();
-        goat.utils.scrollToHelp();
-    },
-    scrollToHelp: function() {
-        $('#leftside-navigation').height($('#main-content').height() + 15)
-        var target = $('#lessonHelpsWrapper');
-        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
-    },
-    scrollToTop: function() {
-        $('.lessonHelp').hide();
-        var target = $('#container');
-        goat.utils.scrollEasy(target);
-    },
-    scrollEasy: function(target) {
-        $('html,body').animate({
-            scrollTop: target.offset().top
-        }, 1000);
-    },
-    scrapeParams: function(url) {
-        if (!url) {
-            return;
-        }
-        var params = url.split('?')[1].split('&');
-        var paramsArr = [];
-        for (var i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
-            var paramObj = {};
-            paramObj.name = params[i].split('=')[0];
-            paramObj.value = params[i].split('=')[1];
-            paramsArr.push(paramObj);
-        }
-        return paramsArr;
-    },
-    highlightCurrentLessonMenu: function(id) {
-        //TODO: move selectors in first two lines into goatConstants
-        $('ul li.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
-        $('ul li.selected a.selected').removeClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass)
-        $('#' + id).addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
-        $('#' + id).parent().addClass(goatConstants.selectedMenuClass);
-    },
-    makeId: function(lessonName) {
-        return lessonName.replace(/\s|\(|\)|\!|\:|\;|\@|\#|\$|\%|\^|\&|\*/g, '');//TODO move the replace routine into util function
-    },
-    ajaxifyAttackHref: function() {
-        /* Jason I commented this implementation out
-         * I think we should show the attack link on the lessons that need it by modifying the lesson
-         * itself or we could add a new button up top for "show lesson link"      
-         $.each($('a[href^="attack?"]'),
-         function(i,el) {
-         var url = $(el).attr('href');
-         $(el).attr('href','#');
-         $(el).attr('link',url);
-         //TODO pull currentMenuId
-         $(el).click(
-         function() {
-         var _url = $(el).attr('link');
-         $.get(_url, {success:showResponse});
-         }
-         )
-         }
-         );
-         */
-        // alternate implementation
-        // unbind any bound events so we are safe to be called twice
-        $('#lesson_content a').unbind('click');
-        $('#lesson_content a').bind('click', function(event) {
-            event.preventDefault();
-            $.get(this.href, {}, function(response) {
-                $('#lesson_content').html(response);
-            });
-        });
-    }
-};
-
-
-$(window).resize(function() {
-    //$('#leftside-navigation').css('height',$('div.panel-body').height());
-    console.log($(window).height());
-});
\ No newline at end of file

From 471829c420e8e52f72f521d27a6b3718c1897630 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2015 16:58:56 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 11/19] hooking forms with ajax callback, clean up

---
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js     | 16 +++-----
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js    |  7 +++-
 .../js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js      | 31 +++++++++++++++-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js  | 37 -------------------
 4 files changed, 39 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
index 313e4f23d..2f35df9c4 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
@@ -10,25 +10,19 @@ define(['jquery',
 			selectedItem:null
 		},
 		initialize: function (options) {
+			this.screenParam = null;
+			this.menuParam = null;
 			this.baseUrlRoot = 'attack?Screen=';//
 		},
 		loadData: function(options) {
 			this.urlRoot = this.baseUrlRoot + +options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
+			this.set('menuParam',options.menu);
+			this.set('screenParam',options.screen);
+
 			var self=this;
 			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
 				self.setContent(data);
 			});
-			// 	success: function(content) {
-			// 		console.log("content:" + content);
-			// 	},
-			// 	error: function(err) {
-			// 		console.log("error:" + err);
-			// 	},
-			// 	done: function(a,b) {
-			// 		console.log(a);
-			// 		console.log(b);
-			// 	}
-			// });
 		},
 		setContent: function(content) {
 			this.set('content',content);
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
index 0812fe92a..b6913ef03 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/support/GoatUtils.js
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 define(['jquery',
     'underscore',
-    'backbone'], 
+    'backbone',
+    'libs/jquery.form'
+    ], 
     function($,
         _,
-        Backbone) {
+        Backbone,
+        JQueryForm) {
             var goatUtils = {
                 makeId: function(lessonName) {
                     //var id =
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
index bb84ac465..0d9fb1466 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
+	'libs/jquery.form',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData'], 
-function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
+function($,_,Backbone,JQueryForm,LessonData) {
 	return Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#lessonContentWrapper', //TODO << get this fixed up in DOM
 		initialize: function(options) {
@@ -12,7 +13,33 @@ function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
 		render: function() {
 			//alert('render');
 			this.$el.html(this.model.get('content'));
-		}
+			this.makeFormsAjax();
+		},
+		//TODO: reimplement this in custom fashion maybe?
+		makeFormsAjax: function () {
+			var options = {
+			    //target: '#lesson_content', // target element(s) to be updated with server response                     
+			    //beforeSubmit: GoatUtils.showRequest, // pre-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+			    //success: GoatUtils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
+			    success:this.reLoadView.bind(this),
+			    url:'attack?Screen=' + this.model.get('screenParam') + '&menu=' + this.model.get('menuParam'),
+			            // other available options: 
+			            //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
+			            //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
+			            //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
+			            //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
+			            //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
+
+			            // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
+			            //timeout:   3000 
+			};
+			//hook forms //TODO: clarify form selectors later
+		    $("form").ajaxForm(options);
+        },
+        reLoadView: function(content) {
+        	this.model.setContent(content);
+        	this.render();
+        }
 	});
 
 	
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js
deleted file mode 100644
index 62a0b7807..000000000
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuModel.js
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-// define(['jquery',
-// 	'underscore',
-// 	'backbone',
-// 	'goatApp/model/MenuItemModel',
-// 	'goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection'],
-// 	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemModel,MenuItemCollection) {
-
-// 	return Backbone.View.extend({
-// 		initialize: function(options) {
-// 			options = options || {};
-// 			//if children, generate Stage views
-// 			this.collection = new MenuItemCollection();
-// 			this.collection.set(options.collection);
-// 		},
-// 		render: function() {
-// 			//example
-// 			/*
-// 			"name": "Using an Access Control Matrix",
-// 			"type": "LESSON",
-// 			"children": [ ],
-// 			"complete": false,
-// 			"link": "#attack/18/200",
-// 			"showSource": true,
-// 			"showHints": true
-// 			*/
-// 			var link = $('<a>',{});
-// 			var listItem = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu',text:this.model.get('name')});
-
-// 			listItem.append(link);
-// 				//this.model.get('name') + this.model.get('children').length + '</li>';
-// 			return listItem;
-// 		}
-
-
-// 	});
-
-// });
\ No newline at end of file

From d1f90e1a656b5cc084a8f5131526a91b830f885a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2015 20:13:52 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 12/19] Update with instructions for UI fork

---
 README.txt | 19 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 19 insertions(+)

diff --git a/README.txt b/README.txt
index e9bd23827..636f5dddc 100644
--- a/README.txt
+++ b/README.txt
@@ -1,3 +1,22 @@
+**********
+* June 9 2015
+* #####  WebGoat Container Migration from AngularJS to Backbone #####
+* Why: AngularJS is a little heavy (and acutally a little too secure, imagine tha) for the purposes of WebGoat ... IMO
+* When: Now
+* How: If you'd like to help.  Fork this repository and contact me (jason.white@owasp.org) as to the current priorities/needs. Once you fork it,
+* After forking and cloning this repo, you should also fork/clone the lessons repository (https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat-Lessons). More on that in a second
+* in the core/container WebGoat (this) project
+* $ mvn clean install
+* Then either package and put the package in a local tomcat OR ...
+* $ mvn tomcat:run
+* Then you'll need to switch to the lessons directory and
+* $ mvn clean packa
+* Then copy some of the lesson jars into your $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/{webgoat-container}/plugin_lessons
+* Now you should have something to work against.
+**********
+
+##### Original WebGoat ReadMe follows #####
+
 **********
 **********          WebGoat 6.0
 **********          August 23, 2014

From 35209fb3f9b015673d009ed81904cb9b907260f6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2015 20:14:48 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 13/19] minor change

---
 README.txt | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.txt b/README.txt
index 636f5dddc..760a947e8 100644
--- a/README.txt
+++ b/README.txt
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 * Then you'll need to switch to the lessons directory and
 * $ mvn clean packa
 * Then copy some of the lesson jars into your $TOMCAT_HOME/webapps/{webgoat-container}/plugin_lessons
-* Now you should have something to work against.
+* Now you should have something to work against for the UI work
 **********
 
 ##### Original WebGoat ReadMe follows #####

From 68a22453a8c0bea592ec1264861f8dac9699a78a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2015 22:43:13 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 14/19] one more update

---
 README.txt | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/README.txt b/README.txt
index 760a947e8..f0710a7f6 100644
--- a/README.txt
+++ b/README.txt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 **********
 * June 9 2015
 * #####  WebGoat Container Migration from AngularJS to Backbone #####
-* Why: AngularJS is a little heavy (and acutally a little too secure, imagine tha) for the purposes of WebGoat ... IMO
+* Why: I believe AngularJS is a little heavy (and acutally a little too secure, imagine that) for the purposes of WebGoat
 * When: Now
+* What: Porting current functionality in the 6.0.1 release into the webgoat-container build
 * How: If you'd like to help.  Fork this repository and contact me (jason.white@owasp.org) as to the current priorities/needs. Once you fork it,
 * After forking and cloning this repo, you should also fork/clone the lessons repository (https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat-Lessons). More on that in a second
 * in the core/container WebGoat (this) project

From e6411f76a32ac74f611d6e6678c9ebd66fc2b31d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2015 21:35:43 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 15/19] some clean up/ modifying comments

---
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js | 12 ++++++------
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js | 12 +++---------
 2 files changed, 9 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index 7e6ca148b..128dd31fa 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -33,16 +33,16 @@ define(['jquery',
 				this.lessonView.model = this.lessonContent;
 				this.lessonView.render();
 				//load cookies/parameters view
-				
-				//load help view
 
-				//load title
+				//load title view (initially hidden)
 
-				//plan
+				//plan view (initially hidden)
 
-				//solution
+				//solution view (initially hidden)
 
-				//source
+				//source (initially hidden)
+
+				//load help controls view (contextul to what helps are available)
 			}
 			
 		};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
index 0d9fb1466..b7df3f83a 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -23,15 +23,9 @@ function($,_,Backbone,JQueryForm,LessonData) {
 			    //success: GoatUtils.showResponse  // post-submit callback, comment out after debugging 
 			    success:this.reLoadView.bind(this),
 			    url:'attack?Screen=' + this.model.get('screenParam') + '&menu=' + this.model.get('menuParam'),
-			            // other available options: 
-			            //url:       url         // override for form's 'action' attribute 
-			            //type:      type        // 'get' or 'post', override for form's 'method' attribute 
-			            //dataType:  null        // 'xml', 'script', or 'json' (expected server response type) 
-			            //clearForm: true        // clear all form fields after successful submit 
-			            //resetForm: true        // reset the form after successful submit 
-
-			            // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
-			            //timeout:   3000 
+			    type:'GET'
+	            // $.ajax options can be used here too, for example: 
+	            //timeout:   3000 
 			};
 			//hook forms //TODO: clarify form selectors later
 		    $("form").ajaxForm(options);

From 226c9b99608465fe85638f30997491137c5462fd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2015 18:17:51 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 16/19] TitleView implemented. Need to add way to handle on
 route, not just click.

---
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp        |  4 ++--
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js     |  2 ++
 .../js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js       | 10 +++++++++-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js     | 10 +++++++---
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js       | 15 ++++++++++-----
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js      | 11 +++++++++++
 6 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index ce8ad6982..89403a14c 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
                         <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
                     </button>
                 </div><!--toggle navigation end-->
-                <div class="lessonTitle" >
-                    <h1 id="lessonTitle"></h1>
+                <div id="lessonTitleWrapper" >
+                    <h1 class="lessonTitle"></h1>
                 </div><!--lesson title end-->
                 <div class="user-nav pull-right" style="margin-right: 75px;">
                     <div class="dropdown" style="display:inline">
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index 128dd31fa..a7cc41e43 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 				//this.lessonView  = new LessonContentView({content:LessonContent.content});
 				this.lessonView.model = this.lessonContent;
 				this.lessonView.render();
+
 				//load cookies/parameters view
 
 				//load title view (initially hidden)
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 				//source (initially hidden)
 
 				//load help controls view (contextul to what helps are available)
+
 			}
 			
 		};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
index 2afff2eb3..abe675dde 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
 define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/MenuView'], 
 	function($,_,Backbone,MenuView) {
 		 Controller = function(options){
+		 	_.extend(Controller.prototype,Backbone.Events);
 			options = options || {};
 			this.menuView = options.menuView;
+			this.titleView = options.titleView;
+
 		 	this.initMenu = function() {
-		 		console.debug('initing menu');
+		 		this.listenTo(this.menuView,'lesson:click',this.renderTitle);
 		 	}
 
 		 	this.updateMenu = function() {
 		 		
+		 	},
+
+		 	//TODO: move title rendering into lessonContent/View pipeline once data can support it
+		 	this.renderTitle = function(title) {
+		 		this.titleView.render(title);
 		 	}
 
 		 };
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
index 3129c1c2c..4e1213808 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
@@ -4,11 +4,14 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/controller/LessonController',
 	'goatApp/controller/MenuController',
 	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView',
-	'goatApp/view/MenuView'
-	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonContentView,MenuView) {
+	'goatApp/view/MenuView',
+	'goatApp/view/TitleView'
+	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonContentView,MenuView,TitleView) {
 
 		var lessonView = new LessonContentView();
 		var menuView = new MenuView(); 
+		var titleView = new TitleView();
+
 		var GoatAppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
 			routes: {
 				//#....
@@ -19,7 +22,8 @@ define(['jquery',
 				lessonView:lessonView
 			}),
 			menuController: new MenuController({
-				menuView:menuView
+				menuView:menuView,
+				titleView:titleView
 			}),
 
 			init:function() {
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index bace41047..b723a25f4 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 			var menuMarkup = '';
 			var menuUl = $('<ul>',{class:'nano-content'});
 			for(var i=0;i<items.length;i++) { //CATEGORY LEVEL
-				var catId, category, catLink, catArrow, catLinkText;
+				var catId, category, catLink, catArrow, catLinkText, lessonName, stageName;
 				catId = GoatUtils.makeId(items[i].get('name'));
 				category = $('<li>',{class:'sub-menu ng-scope'});
 				catLink = $('<a>',{'category':catId});
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ define(['jquery',
 				//TODO: refactor this along with sub-views/components
 				var self = this;
 				catLink.click(_.bind(this.expandCategory,this,catId));
-				//TODO: bind catLink to accordion and selection method
 				category.append(catLink);
 				// lesson level (first children level)
 				//var lessons = new MenuItemView({items:items[i].get('children')}).render();
@@ -49,14 +48,17 @@ define(['jquery',
 					var categoryLessonList = $('<ul>',{class:'slideDown lessonsAndStages',id:catId}); //keepOpen
 					for (var j=0; j < lessons.length;j++) {
 						var lessonItem = $('<li>');
-						var lessonLink = $('<a>',{href:lessons[j].link,text:lessons[j].name,id:GoatUtils.makeId(lessons[j].name)});
+						lessonName = lessons[j].name;
+						var lessonLink = $('<a>',{href:lessons[j].link,text:lessonName,id:lessonName});
+						lessonLink.click(_.bind(this.triggerTitleRender,this,lessonName));
 						lessonItem.append(lessonLink);
 						//check for lab/stages
 						categoryLessonList.append(lessonItem);
 						var stages = lessons[j].children;
 						for (k=0; k < stages.length; k++) {
+							var stageName = stages[k].name;
 							var stageSpan = $('<span>');
-							var stageLink = $('<a>',{href:stages[k].link,text:stages[k].name,id:GoatUtils.makeId(stages[k].name)});
+							var stageLink = $('<a>',{href:stages[k].link,text:stageName,id:GoatUtils.makeId(stageName)});
 							stageSpan.append(stageLink);
 							categoryLessonList.append(stageSpan);
 						}
@@ -64,7 +66,6 @@ define(['jquery',
 					category.append(categoryLessonList);
 				}
 
-				
 				menuUl.append(category);
 			}
 			this.$el.append(menuUl);
@@ -73,6 +74,10 @@ define(['jquery',
 				this.accordionMenu(this.openMenu);
 			}
 		},
+		triggerTitleRender: function (title) {
+			console.debug('title:'+title);
+			this.trigger('lesson:click',title);
+		},
 		expandCategory: function (id) {
 			if (id) {
 				this.accordionMenu(id);
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e43c2af9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+function($,_,Backbone) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonTitleWrapper',
+		render:function(title) {
+			this.$el.find('.lessonTitle').html(title);
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file

From 998401a6312760e50256f2689897fe49463b399f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2015 18:05:21 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 17/19] Plan, Source and Solution View (and models), initial
 stub for HelpControlsView

---
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js | 31 +++++++++++++------
 .../js/goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel.js      | 27 ++++++++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js     | 19 +++++-------
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js       | 19 ++++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel.js   | 18 +++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel.js     | 19 ++++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js       | 11 +++++++
 .../js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js      |  1 -
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js   | 10 ++----
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js   | 23 ++++++++++++++
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js    | 20 ++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js | 23 ++++++++++++++
 12 files changed, 192 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index a7cc41e43..baca5e707 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -2,20 +2,34 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'libs/backbone',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData',
-	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView'
+	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView',
+	'goatApp/view/PlanView',
+	'goatApp/view/SourceView',
+	'goatApp/view/SolutionView',
 	], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,LessonContentData,LessonContentView) {
+	function($,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		LessonContentData,
+		LessonContentView,
+		PlanView,
+		SourceView,
+		SolutionView
+	) {
 		'use strict'
 		
 		
 		var Controller = function(options) {
-			this.lessonView = options.lessonView;
 			this.lessonContent = new LessonContentData();
+			this.lessonView = options.lessonView;
+			/*this.planView = new PlanView();
+			this.solutionView = new SolutionView();
+			this.sourceView = new SourceView();
+			*/
 
 			_.extend(Controller.prototype,Backbone.Events);
 			this.start = function() {
 				this.listenTo(this.lessonContent,'contentLoaded',this.onContentLoaded);
-				
 			}
 
 			//load View, which can pull data
@@ -35,14 +49,13 @@ define(['jquery',
 
 				//load cookies/parameters view
 
-				//load title view (initially hidden)
-
+				//load title view (initially hidden) << currently handled via menu click but need to be able to handle via routed request
 				//plan view (initially hidden)
-
+				this.planView = new PlanView();
 				//solution view (initially hidden)
-
+				this.solutionView = new SolutionView();
 				//source (initially hidden)
-
+				this.sourceView = new SourceView();
 				//load help controls view (contextul to what helps are available)
 
 			}
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..78803d463
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+	function($,_,Backbone) {
+	//TODO: make a base class to extend for items with 'traditional data' (e.g. LessonContentData, this ... others?)
+	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+		//url:'service/lessonplan.mvc',
+		fetch: function (options) {
+			options = options || {};
+			return Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.call(this, _.extend({ dataType: "html"}, options));
+		},
+		loadData: function() {
+			var self=this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
+				self.setContent(data);
+				self.onModelLoaded();
+			});
+		},
+		setContent: function(content) {
+			this.set('content',content);
+			this.trigger('loaded');
+		},
+		onModelLoaded: function() {
+			this.checkNullModel();
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
index 2f35df9c4..4a1002657 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
-	'backbone'],
-	 function($,_,Backbone){
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel'],
+	 function($,
+	 	_,
+	 	Backbone,
+	 	HTMLContentModel){
 
-	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+	return HTMLContentModel.extend({
 		urlRoot:null,
 		defaults: {
 			items:null,
@@ -15,7 +19,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 			this.baseUrlRoot = 'attack?Screen=';//
 		},
 		loadData: function(options) {
-			this.urlRoot = this.baseUrlRoot + +options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
+			this.urlRoot = this.baseUrlRoot  +options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
 			this.set('menuParam',options.menu);
 			this.set('screenParam',options.screen);
 
@@ -31,13 +35,6 @@ define(['jquery',
 		fetch: function (options) {
 			options = options || {};
 			return Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.call(this, _.extend({ dataType: "html"}, options));
-			// var self=this;
-			// Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.apply(this, arguments).then(
-			// 	function(content){
-			// 		self.setContent(content);
-			// 	});
-
-			// //override with prototype
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1fc56320b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel'],
+	function($,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		HTMLContentModel) {
+	//TODO: make a base class to extend for items with 'traditional data' (e.g. LessonContentData, this ... others?)
+	return HTMLContentModel.extend({
+		url:'service/lessonplan.mvc',
+		checkNullModel: function() {
+			if (this.get('content').indexOf('Plan is not available for this lesson.') > -1) {
+				this.set('content',null);
+			}
+		}
+		
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef249864d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel'],
+	function($,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		HTMLContentModel) {
+	return HTMLContentModel.extend({
+		url:'service/solution.mvc',
+		checkNullModel: function() {
+			if (this.get('content').indexOf('Solution  is not available. Contact') === 0) {
+				this.set('content',null);
+			}
+		}
+		
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e0b054a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/HTMLContentModel'],
+	function($,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		HTMLContentModel) {
+	return HTMLContentModel.extend({
+		url:'service/source.mvc',
+		checkNullModel: function () {
+			//TODO: move this function into HTMLContentModel and make the string a property of this 'child' model
+			if (this.get('content').indexOf("No source listing found") > -1) {
+				this.set('content',null);
+			}
+		}
+		
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6917085b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+function($,_,Backbone) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonHelp', //Check this
+		render:function(title) {
+			
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
index b7df3f83a..cdfda57d7 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ function($,_,Backbone,JQueryForm,LessonData) {
 			options = options || {};
 		},
 		render: function() {
-			//alert('render');
 			this.$el.html(this.model.get('content'));
 			this.makeFormsAjax();
 		},
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index b723a25f4..e4956ed63 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -75,7 +75,6 @@ define(['jquery',
 			}
 		},
 		triggerTitleRender: function (title) {
-			console.debug('title:'+title);
 			this.trigger('lesson:click',title);
 		},
 		expandCategory: function (id) {
@@ -86,17 +85,12 @@ define(['jquery',
 		accordionMenu: function(id) {
 	        if (this.openMenu !== id) {
 	        	this.$el.find('#' + id).slideDown(300);
+	        	this.openMenu = id;
 	        } else { //it's open
 	            this.$el.find('#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
+	            this.openMenu = null;
 	            return;
 	        }
-	        this.openMenu = id;
-	        this.$el.find('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300);
-	        /* //legacy angular code that may be usefl 
-	        if ($scope.expandMe) {
-	            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
-	        }
-	        */
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bf0befaef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel'],
+function($,
+	_,
+	Backbone,
+	LessonPlanModel) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonPlan', //Check this
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.model = new LessonPlanModel();
+			this.listenTo(this.model,'loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
+			this.model.loadData();
+		},
+		render:function(title) {
+			
+		},
+		onModelLoaded: function() {
+			// ???
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e7564ca2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel'],
+function($,_,Backbone,LessonSolutionModel) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonSolution', //Check this
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.model = new LessonSolutionModel();
+			this.listenTo(this.model,'loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
+			this.model.loadData();
+		},
+		render:function(title) {
+			
+		},
+		onModelLoaded: function() {
+			// ???
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..338300b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel'],
+function($,
+	_,
+	Backbone,
+	LessonSourceModel) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonPlan', //Check this
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.model = new LessonSourceModel();
+			this.listenTo(this.model,'loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
+			this.model.loadData();
+		},
+		render:function(title) {
+			
+		},
+		onModelLoaded: function() {
+			// ???
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file

From ebfcdba3ddda38c21dc4159fa7fa981134f6bf40 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 2015 19:19:24 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 18/19] LessonHint code and more work toward LessonHelpControls

---
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp    |  2 +-
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js | 21 ++++++++++++----
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js         |  1 -
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonHintCollection.js  | 24 +++++++++++++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonHintModel.js       | 10 ++++++++
 .../js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js       |  1 -
 .../js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js       | 11 ++++++++-
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonHintView.js  | 22 +++++++++++++++++
 8 files changed, 84 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintCollection.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintModel.js
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonHintView.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index 89403a14c..75c77345d 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
                     <div class="row">
                         <div class="col-md-8">
                             <div class="col-md-12" align="left">
-                                <div class="panel">
+                                <div class="panel" id="help-controls">
                                     <div id="help-buttons" class="panel-body">
                                         <!-- <button type="button" id="showSourceBtn" ng-show="showSource" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonSource()">Java [Source]</button>
                                         <button type="button" id="showSolutionBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonSolution()">Solution</button>
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index baca5e707..4f95485b0 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/view/PlanView',
 	'goatApp/view/SourceView',
 	'goatApp/view/SolutionView',
+	'goatApp/view/LessonHintView'
 	], 
 	function($,
 		_,
@@ -14,7 +15,8 @@ define(['jquery',
 		LessonContentView,
 		PlanView,
 		SourceView,
-		SolutionView
+		SolutionView,
+		LessonHintView
 	) {
 		'use strict'
 		
@@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 		var Controller = function(options) {
 			this.lessonContent = new LessonContentData();
 			this.lessonView = options.lessonView;
+
 			/*this.planView = new PlanView();
 			this.solutionView = new SolutionView();
 			this.sourceView = new SourceView();
@@ -34,12 +37,17 @@ define(['jquery',
 
 			//load View, which can pull data
 			this.loadLesson = function(scr,menu) {
+				this.helpsLoaded = {};
 				this.lessonContent.loadData({
 					'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
 					'menu': encodeURIComponent(menu),
 				});
-
-				//this.registerListeners();
+				this.planView = {};
+				this.solutionView = {};
+				this.sourceView = {};
+				this.lessonHintView = {};
+				//
+				
 			};
 
 			this.onContentLoaded = function() {
@@ -57,7 +65,12 @@ define(['jquery',
 				//source (initially hidden)
 				this.sourceView = new SourceView();
 				//load help controls view (contextul to what helps are available)
-
+				this.lessonHintView = new LessonHintView();
+				this.listenTo(this.lessonHintView,'hints:loaded',this.areHelpsReady);
+			},
+			this.areHelpsReady = function (curHelp) {
+				this.helpsLoaded[curHelp.helpElement] = curHelp.value;
+				// check if all are ready
 			}
 			
 		};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
index 1c8fc2e65..7ea097ed6 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/GoatRouter'],
 		return {
 			initApp: function() {
 				//TODO: add query/ability to load from where they left off 
-				console.log('initApp')
 				var goatRouter = new Router();
 				goatRouter.init();
 			}
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintCollection.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintCollection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dd64fea6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintCollection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonHintModel'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,LessonHintModel) {
+
+	return Backbone.Collection.extend({
+		model: LessonHintModel,
+		url:'service/hint.mvc',
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function (data) {
+				this.models = data;
+				self.onDataLoaded();
+			});
+		},
+		onDataLoaded:function() {
+			this.trigger('hints:loaded');//copied over as boiler-plate ... use this event trigger?
+		},
+		checkNullModel:function() {
+			//
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c09ff055
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonHintModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+	function($,
+		_,
+		Backbone,
+		HTMLContentModel) {
+	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js
index 1fc56320b..88a3cc15a 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonPlanModel.js
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ define(['jquery',
 		_,
 		Backbone,
 		HTMLContentModel) {
-	//TODO: make a base class to extend for items with 'traditional data' (e.g. LessonContentData, this ... others?)
 	return HTMLContentModel.extend({
 		url:'service/lessonplan.mvc',
 		checkNullModel: function() {
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
index 6917085b1..fc09e66a2 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
@@ -3,7 +3,16 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'backbone'],
 function($,_,Backbone) {
 	return Backbone.View.extend({
-		el:'#lessonHelp', //Check this
+		el:'#help-controls', //Check this
+		initialize: function (options) {
+			if (!options) {
+				return;
+			}
+			this.hasPlan = options.hasPlan;
+			this.hasSolution = options.hasSolution;
+			this.hasSource = options.hasSource;
+			this.hasHints = options.hasHints;
+		},
 		render:function(title) {
 			
 		}
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonHintView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonHintView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e61b086d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonHintView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonHintCollection'],
+function($,
+	_,
+	Backbone,
+	LessonHintCollection) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonHint',
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.collection = new LessonHintCollection();
+			this.listenTo(this.collection,'hints:loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
+		},
+		render:function(title) {
+			
+		},
+		onModelLoaded: function() {
+			this.trigger('hints:loaded',{'helpElement':'hints','value':true})
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file

From 7ace23ec0c8ebd5fed7e4b0ff0ea262f6be53b1f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jason White <jason.white@owasp.org>
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 2015 19:54:29 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 19/19] additonal help control changes

---
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/login.jsp       |  2 +-
 src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp    |  8 ++---
 src/main/webapp/css/layers.css                |  2 +-
 src/main/webapp/css/main.css                  | 12 +++++--
 .../js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js | 34 +++++++++++++++----
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js |  2 +-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js | 17 +---------
 .../js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js       | 23 ++++++++++++-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpView.js   | 23 +++++++++++++
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js   |  2 +-
 .../webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js    |  4 ++-
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js | 16 ++++-----
 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js  |  6 ++--
 13 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 46 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpView.js

diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/login.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/login.jsp
index fd6dd2cec..699c01c47 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/login.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/login.jsp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 
             </div><!--toggle navigation end-->
             <div class="lessonTitle" >
-                <h1 id="lessonTitle">Please login</h1>
+                
             </div><!--lesson title end-->
 
         </header>
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index 75c77345d..c6b5766a3 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@
                         <i class="fa fa-bars"></i>
                     </button>
                 </div><!--toggle navigation end-->
-                <div id="lessonTitleWrapper" >
-                    <h1 class="lessonTitle"></h1>
+                <div id="lesson-title-wrapper" >
+                    
                 </div><!--lesson title end-->
                 <div class="user-nav pull-right" style="margin-right: 75px;">
                     <div class="dropdown" style="display:inline">
@@ -98,13 +98,13 @@
                         <div class="col-md-8">
                             <div class="col-md-12" align="left">
                                 <div class="panel" id="help-controls">
-                                    <div id="help-buttons" class="panel-body">
+                                    <!-- <div id="help-buttons" class="panel-body"> -->
                                         <!-- <button type="button" id="showSourceBtn" ng-show="showSource" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonSource()">Java [Source]</button>
                                         <button type="button" id="showSolutionBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonSolution()">Solution</button>
                                         <button type="button" id="showPlanBtn" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs" onclick="showLessonPlan()">Lesson Plan</button>
                                         <button type="button" id="showHintsBtn" ng-show="showHints" class="btn btn-primary btn-xs"  onclick="viewHints()">Hints</button>
                                         <button type="button" id="restartLessonBtn"  class="btn btn-xs"  onclick="restartLesson()">Restart Lesson</button> -->
-                                    </div>
+                                    <!-- </div> -->
                                 </div>
                                 <div class="lessonHelp" id="lesson-hint-row">
                                     <h4>Hints</h4>
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/css/layers.css b/src/main/webapp/css/layers.css
index dfcb405da..99d09863f 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/css/layers.css
+++ b/src/main/webapp/css/layers.css
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-#lessonTitle {position:absolute;left:94px;top:75px;width:690px;height:22px;z-index:1;float: right;font-size: 20px;color: #FFFFFF;}
+#lesson-title {position:absolute;left:94px;top:75px;width:690px;height:22px;z-index:1;float: right;font-size: 20px;color: #FFFFFF;}
 #hMenuBar {position:absolute;left:245px;top:108px;width:538px;height:22px;z-index:2;}
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/css/main.css b/src/main/webapp/css/main.css
index 9c45a472e..7297fdf99 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/css/main.css
+++ b/src/main/webapp/css/main.css
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ img {
 #header .user-nav button:hover i {
   color: #F6F6F6;
 }
-#header .lessonTitle {
+#header #lesson-title-wrapper {
 	display: inline-block;
 	margin:0 0 0 20px;	
 }
@@ -849,8 +849,16 @@ cookieContainer {
   cursor: pointer;
 }
 
-
 .info {
 	color:#e84c3d;
 	font-weight: bold; 
+}
+
+#help-controls {
+  padding-left: 4px;
+  padding-top: 4px
+}
+
+.help-button {
+  margin-right:4px;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index 4f95485b0..83cd15e6f 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/view/PlanView',
 	'goatApp/view/SourceView',
 	'goatApp/view/SolutionView',
-	'goatApp/view/LessonHintView'
+	'goatApp/view/LessonHintView',
+	'goatApp/view/HelpControlsView'
 	], 
 	function($,
 		_,
@@ -16,7 +17,8 @@ define(['jquery',
 		PlanView,
 		SourceView,
 		SolutionView,
-		LessonHintView
+		LessonHintView,
+		HelpControlsView
 	) {
 		'use strict'
 		
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 			_.extend(Controller.prototype,Backbone.Events);
 			this.start = function() {
 				this.listenTo(this.lessonContent,'contentLoaded',this.onContentLoaded);
-			}
+			};
 
 			//load View, which can pull data
 			this.loadLesson = function(scr,menu) {
@@ -60,19 +62,37 @@ define(['jquery',
 				//load title view (initially hidden) << currently handled via menu click but need to be able to handle via routed request
 				//plan view (initially hidden)
 				this.planView = new PlanView();
+				this.listenTo(this.planView,'plan:loaded',this.areHelpsReady);
 				//solution view (initially hidden)
 				this.solutionView = new SolutionView();
+				this.listenTo(this.solutionView,'solution:loaded',this.areHelpsReady);
 				//source (initially hidden)
 				this.sourceView = new SourceView();
+				this.listenTo(this.sourceView,'source:loaded',this.areHelpsReady);
 				//load help controls view (contextul to what helps are available)
 				this.lessonHintView = new LessonHintView();
 				this.listenTo(this.lessonHintView,'hints:loaded',this.areHelpsReady);
-			},
+				
+			};
+
 			this.areHelpsReady = function (curHelp) {
-				this.helpsLoaded[curHelp.helpElement] = curHelp.value;
+				this.addCurHelpState(curHelp);
 				// check if all are ready
-			}
-			
+				if (this.helpsLoaded['hints'] && this.helpsLoaded['plan'] && this.helpsLoaded['solution'] && this.helpsLoaded['source']) {
+					//
+					this.helpControlsView = new HelpControlsView({
+						hasPlan:(this.planView.model.get('content') !== null),
+						hasSolution:(this.solutionView.model.get('content') !== null),
+						hasSource:(this.sourceView.model.get('content') !== null),
+						hasHints:(this.lessonHintView.collection.length > 0),
+					});
+					this.helpControlsView.render();
+				}
+			};
+
+			this.addCurHelpState = function (curHelp) {
+				this.helpsLoaded[curHelp.helpElement] = curHelp.value;
+			};			
 		};
 		return Controller;
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
index 2c10179af..6df19033f 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuCollection.js
@@ -18,4 +18,4 @@ define(['jquery',
 			this.trigger('menuData:loaded');
 		}
 	});
-})
\ No newline at end of file
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
index f141d1108..a416ad7b1 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuModel.js
@@ -7,19 +7,4 @@ define(['jquery',
 
 	});
 
-});
-
-	// accordionMenu = function(id) {
- //        if ($('ul#' + id).attr('isOpen') == 0) {
- //            $scope.expandMe = true;
- //        } else {
- //            $('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);u
- //            return;
- //        }
- //        $scope.openMenu = id;
- //        $('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
- //        if ($scope.expandMe) {
- //            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
- //        }
- //    }
-
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
index fc09e66a2..424896bc2 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpControlsView.js
@@ -4,6 +4,14 @@ define(['jquery',
 function($,_,Backbone) {
 	return Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#help-controls', //Check this
+		helpButtons: {
+			//TODO: move this into a template
+			showSource:$('<button>',{id:'showSourceBtn','class':'btn btn-primary btn-xs help-button',type:'button',text:'Java [Source]'}),
+			showSolution:$('<button>',{id:'showSolutionBtn','class':'btn btn-primary btn-xs help-button',type:'button',text:'Solution'}),
+			showPlan:$('<button>',{id:'showPlanBtn','class':'btn btn-primary btn-xs help-button',type:'button',text:'Lesson Plan]'}),
+			showHints:$('<button>',{id:'showHintsBtn','class':'btn btn-primary btn-xs help-button',type:'button',text:'Hints'}),
+			restartLesson:$('<button>',{id:'restartLessonBtn','class':'btn btn-xs help-button',type:'button',text:'Restart Lesson'})
+		},
 		initialize: function (options) {
 			if (!options) {
 				return;
@@ -14,7 +22,20 @@ function($,_,Backbone) {
 			this.hasHints = options.hasHints;
 		},
 		render:function(title) {
-			
+			if (this.hasSource) {
+				this.$el.append(this.helpButtons.showSource);
+			}
+			if (this.hasSolution) {
+				this.$el.append(this.helpButtons.showSolution);
+			}
+			if (this.hasPlan) {
+				this.$el.append(this.helpButtons.showPlan);
+			}
+			if (this.hasHints) {
+				this.$el.append(this.helpButtons.showHints);
+			}
+			//
+			this.$el.append(this.helpButtons.restartLesson);
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..217cb9ad0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/HelpView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel'],
+function($,
+	_,
+	Backbone,
+	LessonSourceModel) {
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonPlan', //Check this
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.model = new LessonSourceModel();
+			this.listenTo(this.model,'loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
+			this.model.loadData();
+		},
+		render:function(title) {
+			
+		},
+		onModelLoaded: function() {
+			this.trigger(this.loadedMessage,this.helpElement);
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js
index bf0befaef..f3c074407 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/PlanView.js
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ function($,
 			
 		},
 		onModelLoaded: function() {
-			// ???
+			this.trigger('plan:loaded',{'helpElement':'plan','value':true});
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js
index e7564ca2c..ac7811ba7 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SolutionView.js
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonSolutionModel'],
+	//TODO: create a base 'HelpView class'
 function($,_,Backbone,LessonSolutionModel) {
 	return Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonSolution', //Check this
@@ -9,12 +10,13 @@ function($,_,Backbone,LessonSolutionModel) {
 			this.model = new LessonSolutionModel();
 			this.listenTo(this.model,'loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
 			this.model.loadData();
+			//TODO: handle error cases
 		},
 		render:function(title) {
 			
 		},
 		onModelLoaded: function() {
-			// ???
+			this.trigger('solution:loaded',{'helpElement':'solution','value':true});
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js
index 338300b56..1337f34d1 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/SourceView.js
@@ -1,23 +1,21 @@
 define(['jquery',
 	'underscore',
 	'backbone',
-	'goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel'],
+	'goatApp/model/LessonSourceModel',
+	'goatApp/view/HelpView'],
 function($,
 	_,
 	Backbone,
-	LessonSourceModel) {
-	return Backbone.View.extend({
+	LessonSourceModel,
+	HelpView) {
+	return HelpView.extend({
+		helpElement:{'helpElement':'source','value':true},
+		loadedMessage:'source:loaded',
 		el:'#lessonHelpWrapper .lessonHelp.lessonPlan', //Check this
 		initialize: function() {
 			this.model = new LessonSourceModel();
 			this.listenTo(this.model,'loaded',this.onModelLoaded);
 			this.model.loadData();
-		},
-		render:function(title) {
-			
-		},
-		onModelLoaded: function() {
-			// ???
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js
index 4e43c2af9..4b3126ec7 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/TitleView.js
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'backbone'],
 function($,_,Backbone) {
 	return Backbone.View.extend({
-		el:'#lessonTitleWrapper',
+		el:'#header #lesson-title-wrapper',
 		render:function(title) {
-			this.$el.find('.lessonTitle').html(title);
+			var lessonTitleEl = $('<h1>',{id:'lesson-title',text:title});
+			this.$el.html(lessonTitleEl);
+			//this.$el.append(lessonTitleEl);
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file