diff --git a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
index 28cb7418b..2b0888943 100644
--- a/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
+++ b/src/main/java/org/owasp/webgoat/lessons/AbstractLesson.java
@@ -563,12 +563,8 @@ public abstract class AbstractLesson extends Screen implements Comparable<Object
 
         // mvc update:
         link.append(getPath()).append("/");
-        //link.append(WebSession.SCREEN);
-        //link.append("=");
         link.append(getScreenId());
         link.append("/");
-        //link.append(WebSession.MENU);
-        //link.append("=");
         link.append(getCategory().getRanking());
         return link.toString();
     }
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
index c949d03e1..2aaf174a7 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
+++ b/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/pages/main_new.jsp
@@ -117,9 +117,10 @@
                                             <!--<span id="curHintContainer"></span>-->
                                         </div>                                    
                                     </div>
-                                    <div class="panel-body" id="lesson_content">    
-                                        <b>This should default to the "How to Work with Webgoat" lesson</b>
-                                    </div>
+                                </div>
+                            </div>
+                            <div class="col-md-12" align="left">
+                                <div id="lessonContentWrapper" class="panel">
 
                                 </div>
                             </div>
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..43002aa18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-edge.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1805 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.2
+
+//     (c) 2010-2015 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(root, factory) {
+
+  // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
+      // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
+      // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
+      root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
+    });
+
+  // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
+  } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    var _ = require('underscore');
+    factory(root, exports, _);
+
+  // Finally, as a browser global.
+  } else {
+    root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
+  }
+
+}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
+
+  // Initial Setup
+  // -------------
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+  var array = [];
+  var slice = array.slice;
+
+  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
+
+  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+  // the `$` variable.
+  Backbone.$ = $;
+
+  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+  // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+  // `application/json` requests ... this will encode the body as
+  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+  // form param named `model`.
+  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+  // Backbone.Events
+  // ---------------
+
+  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // succession.
+  //
+  //     var object = {};
+  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+  //     object.trigger('expand');
+  //
+  var Events = Backbone.Events = {};
+
+  // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+  // Iterates over the standard `event, callback` (as well as the fancy multiple
+  // space-separated events `"change blur", callback` and jQuery-style event
+  // maps `{event: callback}`), reducing them by manipulating `events`.
+  // Passes a normalized (single event name and callback), as well as the `context`
+  // and `ctx` arguments to `iteratee`.
+  var eventsApi = function(iteratee, memo, name, callback, context, ctx) {
+    var i = 0, names, length;
+    if (name && typeof name === 'object') {
+      // Handle event maps.
+      for (names = _.keys(name), length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
+        memo = iteratee(memo, names[i], name[names[i]], context, ctx);
+      }
+    } else if (name && eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+      // Handle space separated event names.
+      for (names = name.split(eventSplitter), length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
+        memo = iteratee(memo, names[i], callback, context, ctx);
+      }
+    } else {
+      memo = iteratee(memo, name, callback, context, ctx);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+  // the callback to all events fired.
+  Events.on = function(name, callback, context) {
+    this._events = eventsApi(onApi, this._events || {}, name, callback, context, this);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `on`. Tell *this* object to listen to
+  // an event in another object... keeping track of what it's listening to.
+  Events.listenTo =  function(obj, name, callback) {
+    if (!obj) return this;
+    var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+    var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+    var listening = listeningTo[id];
+
+    // This object is not listening to any other events on `obj` yet.
+    // Setup the necessary references to track the listening callbacks.
+    if (!listening) {
+      listening = listeningTo[id] = {obj: obj, events: {}};
+      id = this._listenId || (this._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+      var listeners = obj._listeners || (obj._listeners = {});
+      listeners[id] = this;
+    }
+
+    // Bind callbacks on obj, and keep track of them on listening.
+    obj.on(name, callback, this);
+    listening.events = eventsApi(onApi, listening.events, name, callback);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // The reducing API that adds a callback to the `events` object.
+  var onApi = function(events, name, callback, context, ctx) {
+    if (callback) {
+      var handlers = events[name] || (events[name] = []);
+      handlers.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || ctx});
+    }
+    return events;
+  };
+
+  // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+  // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+  // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+  // callbacks for all events.
+  Events.off =  function(name, callback, context) {
+    if (!this._events) return this;
+    this._events = eventsApi(offApi, this._events, name, callback, context);
+
+    var listeners = this._listeners;
+    if (listeners) {
+      // Listeners always bind themselves as the context, so if `context`
+      // is passed, narrow down the search to just that listener.
+      var ids = context != null ? [context._listenId] : _.keys(listeners);
+
+      for (var i = 0, length = ids.length; i < length; i++) {
+        var listener = listeners[ids[i]];
+
+        // Bail out if listener isn't listening.
+        if (!listener) break;
+
+        // Tell each listener to stop, without infinitely calling `#off`.
+        internalStopListening(listener, this, name, callback);
+      }
+      if (_.isEmpty(listeners)) this._listeners = void 0;
+    }
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+  // to every object it's currently listening to.
+  Events.stopListening =  function(obj, name, callback) {
+    // Use an internal stopListening, telling it to call off on `obj`.
+    if (this._listeningTo) internalStopListening(this, obj, name, callback, true);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // The reducing API that removes a callback from the `events` object.
+  var offApi = function(events, name, callback, context) {
+    // Remove all callbacks for all events.
+    if (!events || !name && !context && !callback) return;
+
+    var names = name ? [name] : _.keys(events);
+    for (var i = 0, length = names.length; i < length; i++) {
+      name = names[i];
+      var handlers = events[name];
+
+      // Bail out if there are no events stored.
+      if (!handlers) break;
+
+      // Find any remaining events.
+      var remaining = [];
+      if (callback || context) {
+        for (var j = 0, k = handlers.length; j < k; j++) {
+          var handler = handlers[j];
+          if (
+            callback && callback !== handler.callback &&
+              callback !== handler.callback._callback ||
+                context && context !== handler.context
+          ) {
+            remaining.push(handler);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Replace events if there are any remaining.  Otherwise, clean up.
+      if (remaining.length) {
+        events[name] = remaining;
+      } else {
+        delete events[name];
+      }
+    }
+    if (!_.isEmpty(events)) return events;
+  };
+
+  var internalStopListening = function(listener, obj, name, callback, offEvents) {
+    var listeningTo = listener._listeningTo;
+    var ids = obj ? [obj._listenId] : _.keys(listeningTo);
+    for (var i = 0, length = ids.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var id = ids[i];
+      var listening = listeningTo[id];
+
+      // If listening doesn't exist, this object is not currently
+      // listening to obj. Break out early.
+      if (!listening) break;
+      obj = listening.obj;
+      if (offEvents) obj._events = eventsApi(offApi, obj._events, name, callback, listener);
+
+      // Events will only ever be falsey if all the event callbacks
+      // are removed. If so, stop delete the listening.
+      var events = eventsApi(offApi, listening.events, name, callback);
+      if (!events) {
+        delete listeningTo[id];
+        delete listening.obj._listeners[listener._listenId];
+      }
+    }
+    if (_.isEmpty(listeningTo)) listener._listeningTo = void 0;
+  };
+
+  // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+  // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+  Events.once =  function(name, callback, context) {
+    // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
+    var events = onceMap(name, callback, _.bind(this.off, this));
+    return this.on(events, void 0, context);
+  };
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `once`.
+  Events.listenToOnce =  function(obj, name, callback) {
+    // Map the event into a `{event: once}` object.
+    var events = onceMap(name, callback, _.bind(this.stopListening, this, obj));
+    return this.listenTo(obj, events);
+  };
+
+  // Reduces the event callbacks into a map of `{event: onceWrapper}`.
+  // `offer` unbinds the `onceWrapper` after it as been called.
+  var onceMap = function(name, callback, offer) {
+    return eventsApi(function(map, name, callback, offer) {
+      if (callback) {
+        var once = map[name] = _.once(function() {
+          offer(name, once);
+          callback.apply(this, arguments);
+        });
+        once._callback = callback;
+      }
+      return map;
+    }, {}, name, callback, offer);
+  };
+
+  // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+  // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+  // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+  // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+  Events.trigger =  function(name) {
+    if (!this._events) return this;
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+
+    // Pass `triggerSentinel` as "callback" param. If `name` is an object,
+    // it `triggerApi` will be passed the property's value instead.
+    eventsApi(triggerApi, this, name, triggerSentinel, args);
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // A known sentinel to detect triggering with a `{event: value}` object.
+  var triggerSentinel = {};
+
+  // Handles triggering the appropriate event callbacks.
+  var triggerApi = function(obj, name, sentinel, args) {
+    if (obj._events) {
+      // If `sentinel` is not the trigger sentinel, trigger was called
+      // with a `{event: value}` object, and it is `value`.
+      if (sentinel !== triggerSentinel) args = [sentinel].concat(args);
+
+      var events = obj._events[name];
+      var allEvents = obj._events.all;
+      if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+      if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, [name].concat(args));
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+  // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+  // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+  var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+    var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+      case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+      case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+      case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+      default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+  Events.bind   = Events.on;
+  Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+  // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+  // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+  _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+  // Backbone.Model
+  // --------------
+
+  // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+  // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+  // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+  // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+  // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+    var attrs = attributes || {};
+    options || (options = {});
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId(this.cidPrefix);
+    this.attributes = {};
+    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+    this.set(attrs, options);
+    this.changed = {};
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+    changed: null,
+
+    // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+    validationError: null,
+
+    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+    idAttribute: 'id',
+
+    // The prefix is used to create the client id which is used to identify models locally.
+    // You may want to override this if you're experiencing name clashes with model ids.
+    cidPrefix: 'c',
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return _.clone(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+    // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get the value of an attribute.
+    get: function(attr) {
+      return this.attributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+    escape: function(attr) {
+      return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+    },
+
+    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+    // or undefined.
+    has: function(attr) {
+      return this.get(attr) != null;
+    },
+
+    // Special-cased proxy to underscore's `_.matches` method.
+    matches: function(attrs) {
+      return _.matches(attrs)(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+    // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+    // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+    set: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+      if (key == null) return this;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run validation.
+      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+      // Extract attributes and options.
+      unset           = options.unset;
+      silent          = options.silent;
+      changes         = [];
+      changing        = this._changing;
+      this._changing  = true;
+
+      if (!changing) {
+        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+        this.changed = {};
+      }
+      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+      // Check for changes of `id`.
+      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+      // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+      for (attr in attrs) {
+        val = attrs[attr];
+        if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+          this.changed[attr] = val;
+        } else {
+          delete this.changed[attr];
+        }
+        unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+      }
+
+      // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+      if (!silent) {
+        if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
+        for (var i = 0, length = changes.length; i < length; i++) {
+          this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+      // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+      if (changing) return this;
+      if (!silent) {
+        while (this._pending) {
+          options = this._pending;
+          this._pending = false;
+          this.trigger('change', this, options);
+        }
+      }
+      this._pending = false;
+      this._changing = false;
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+    // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    unset: function(attr, options) {
+      return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+    clear: function(options) {
+      var attrs = {};
+      for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+      return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+    hasChanged: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+    },
+
+    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+    // determining if there *would be* a change.
+    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+      var val, changed = false;
+      var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      for (var attr in diff) {
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+      }
+      return changed;
+    },
+
+    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+    // `"change"` event was fired.
+    previous: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+    // `"change"` event.
+    previousAttributes: function() {
+      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the model from the server, merging the response with the model's
+    // local attributes. Any changed attributes will trigger a "change" event.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+    // state will be `set` again.
+    save: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+      // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+      // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+      // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+      if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+        if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+      }
+
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) {
+        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+      }
+
+      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+      // updated with the server-side state.
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+        model.attributes = attributes;
+        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+        if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      if (method === 'patch' && !options.attrs) options.attrs = attrs;
+      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+      // Restore attributes.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+    destroy: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+
+      var destroy = function() {
+        model.stopListening();
+        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+      };
+
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+        if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+
+      if (this.isNew()) {
+        options.success();
+        return false;
+      }
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+      if (!options.wait) destroy();
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+    // that will be called.
+    url: function() {
+      var base =
+        _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
+        _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
+        urlError();
+      if (this.isNew()) return base;
+      var id = this.id || this.attributes[this.idAttribute];
+      return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(id);
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+    isNew: function() {
+      return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
+    },
+
+    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+    isValid: function(options) {
+      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+    },
+
+    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+    // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+      var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+      if (!error) return true;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit', 'chain', 'isEmpty'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+  _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+    if (!_[method]) return;
+    Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.attributes);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.Collection
+  // -------------------
+
+  // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+  // more analogous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+  // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+  // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+  // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+  // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+  // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+  // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+    if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+    this._reset();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+  };
+
+  // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+  var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+  var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+    // This should be overridden in most cases.
+    model: Model,
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+    // models' attributes.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    add: function(models, options) {
+      return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+    remove: function(models, options) {
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+      options || (options = {});
+      for (var i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
+        var model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+        if (!model) continue;
+        var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+        if (id != null) delete this._byId[id];
+        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+        var index = this.indexOf(model);
+        this.models.splice(index, 1);
+        this.length--;
+        if (!options.silent) {
+          options.index = index;
+          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+        }
+        this._removeReference(model, options);
+      }
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+    // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+    // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+    // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+    set: function(models, options) {
+      options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : models.slice();
+      var id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      var at = options.at;
+      if (at != null) at = +at;
+      if (at < 0) at += this.length + 1;
+      var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+      var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+      var orderChanged = false;
+
+      // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+      // from being added.
+      for (var i = 0, length = models.length; i < length; i++) {
+        attrs = models[i];
+
+        // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+        // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+        if (existing = this.get(attrs)) {
+          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+          if (merge && attrs !== existing) {
+            attrs = this._isModel(attrs) ? attrs.attributes : attrs;
+            if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+            existing.set(attrs, options);
+            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+          }
+          models[i] = existing;
+
+        // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+        } else if (add) {
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+          if (!model) continue;
+          toAdd.push(model);
+          this._addReference(model, options);
+        }
+
+        // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
+        model = existing || model;
+        if (!model) continue;
+        id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+        if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[id])) {
+          order.push(model);
+
+          // Check to see if this is actually a new model at this index.
+          orderChanged = orderChanged || !this.models[i] || model.cid !== this.models[i].cid;
+        }
+
+        modelMap[id] = true;
+      }
+
+      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      if (remove) {
+        for (var i = 0, length = this.length; i < length; i++) {
+          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+      }
+
+      // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+      if (toAdd.length || orderChanged) {
+        if (sortable) sort = true;
+        this.length += toAdd.length;
+        if (at != null) {
+          for (var i = 0, length = toAdd.length; i < length; i++) {
+            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+          for (var i = 0, length = orderedModels.length; i < length; i++) {
+            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+      if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+      // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+      if (!options.silent) {
+        var addOpts = at != null ? _.clone(options) : options;
+        for (var i = 0, length = toAdd.length; i < length; i++) {
+          if (at != null) addOpts.index = at + i;
+          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, addOpts);
+        }
+        if (sort || orderChanged) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      }
+
+      // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+    // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+    // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+    reset: function(models, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      for (var i = 0, length = this.models.length; i < length; i++) {
+        this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
+      }
+      options.previousModels = this.models;
+      this._reset();
+      models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+      return models;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+    push: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+    pop: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+    unshift: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+    shift: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(0);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+    slice: function() {
+      return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get a model from the set by id.
+    get: function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      var id = this.modelId(this._isModel(obj) ? obj.attributes : obj);
+      return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
+    },
+
+    // Get the model at the given index.
+    at: function(index) {
+      if (index < 0) index += this.length;
+      return this.models[index];
+    },
+
+    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+    // `filter`.
+    where: function(attrs, first) {
+      var matches = _.matches(attrs);
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+        return matches(model.attributes);
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+    // of `find`.
+    findWhere: function(attrs) {
+      return this.where(attrs, true);
+    },
+
+    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+    // is added.
+    sort: function(options) {
+      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      } else {
+        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+      }
+
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+    pluck: function(attr) {
+      return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+    // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+    // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var success = options.success;
+      var collection = this;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+        collection[method](resp, options);
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, collection, resp, options);
+        collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+    // wait for the server to agree.
+    create: function(model, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+      var collection = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(model, resp) {
+        if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+        if (success) success.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+      };
+      model.save(null, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.models, {
+        model: this.model,
+        comparator: this.comparator
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Define how to uniquely identify models in the collection.
+    modelId: function (attrs) {
+      return attrs[this.model.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
+    },
+
+    // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+    // is first initialized or reset.
+    _reset: function() {
+      this.length = 0;
+      this.models = [];
+      this._byId  = {};
+    },
+
+    // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+    // collection.
+    _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (this._isModel(attrs)) {
+        if (!attrs.collection) attrs.collection = this;
+        return attrs;
+      }
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      options.collection = this;
+      var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+      if (!model.validationError) return model;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    // Method for checking whether an object should be considered a model for
+    // the purposes of adding to the collection.
+    _isModel: function (model) {
+      return model instanceof Model;
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
+    _addReference: function(model, options) {
+      this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+      var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+      if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
+      model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+    _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+      if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+    // in other collections are ignored.
+    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+      if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+      if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+      if (event === 'change') {
+        var prevId = this.modelId(model.previousAttributes());
+        var id = this.modelId(model.attributes);
+        if (prevId !== id) {
+          if (prevId != null) delete this._byId[prevId];
+          if (id != null) this._byId[id] = model;
+        }
+      }
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+  // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+  // right here:
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+    'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+    'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+    'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+    'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+    'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample', 'partition'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    if (!_[method]) return;
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.models);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
+
+  // Use attributes instead of properties.
+  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+    if (!_[method]) return;
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+        return model.get(value);
+      };
+      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.View
+  // -------------
+
+  // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+  // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+  // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+  // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+  // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+  // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+  // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+  // if an existing element is not provided...
+  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+    options || (options = {});
+    _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+    this._ensureElement();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+    tagName: 'div',
+
+    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+    // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+    $: function(selector) {
+      return this.$el.find(selector);
+    },
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+    render: function() {
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+    // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+    remove: function() {
+      this._removeElement();
+      this.stopListening();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view's element from the document and all event listeners
+    // attached to it. Exposed for subclasses using an alternative DOM
+    // manipulation API.
+    _removeElement: function() {
+      this.$el.remove();
+    },
+
+    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property) and re-delegate the
+    // view's events on the new element.
+    setElement: function(element) {
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      this._setElement(element);
+      this.delegateEvents();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Creates the `this.el` and `this.$el` references for this view using the
+    // given `el`. `el` can be a CSS selector or an HTML string, a jQuery
+    // context or an element. Subclasses can override this to utilize an
+    // alternative DOM manipulation API and are only required to set the
+    // `this.el` property.
+    _setElement: function(el) {
+      this.$el = el instanceof Backbone.$ ? el : Backbone.$(el);
+      this.el = this.$el[0];
+    },
+
+    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+    //
+    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+    //
+    //     {
+    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+    //       'click .button':     'save',
+    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+    //     }
+    //
+    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+    delegateEvents: function(events) {
+      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      for (var key in events) {
+        var method = events[key];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!method) continue;
+        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+        this.delegate(match[1], match[2], _.bind(method, this));
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Add a single event listener to the view's element (or a child element
+    // using `selector`). This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`,
+    // `blur`, and not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+    delegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
+      this.$el.on(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
+    },
+
+    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view by `delegateEvents`.
+    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+    undelegateEvents: function() {
+      if (this.$el) this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // A finer-grained `undelegateEvents` for removing a single delegated event.
+    // `selector` and `listener` are both optional.
+    undelegate: function(eventName, selector, listener) {
+      this.$el.off(eventName + '.delegateEvents' + this.cid, selector, listener);
+    },
+
+    // Produces a DOM element to be assigned to your view. Exposed for
+    // subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
+    _createElement: function(tagName) {
+      return document.createElement(tagName);
+    },
+
+    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+    _ensureElement: function() {
+      if (!this.el) {
+        var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+        if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+        this.setElement(this._createElement(_.result(this, 'tagName')));
+        this._setAttributes(attrs);
+      } else {
+        this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'));
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Set attributes from a hash on this view's element.  Exposed for
+    // subclasses using an alternative DOM manipulation API.
+    _setAttributes: function(attributes) {
+      this.$el.attr(attributes);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.sync
+  // -------------
+
+  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+  //
+  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+  //
+  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+    var type = methodMap[method];
+
+    // Default options, unless specified.
+    _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+      emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+      emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+    });
+
+    // Default JSON-request options.
+    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+    // Ensure that we have a URL.
+    if (!options.url) {
+      params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+    if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/json';
+      params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+    if (options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+    if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+      params.type = 'POST';
+      if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+      var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+      options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+        xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+        if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.processData = false;
+    }
+
+    // Pass along `textStatus` and `errorThrown` from jQuery.
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(xhr, textStatus, errorThrown) {
+      options.textStatus = textStatus;
+      options.errorThrown = errorThrown;
+      if (error) error.call(options.context, xhr, textStatus, errorThrown);
+    };
+
+    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+    var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+    model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+    return xhr;
+  };
+
+  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+  var methodMap = {
+    'create': 'POST',
+    'update': 'PUT',
+    'patch':  'PATCH',
+    'delete': 'DELETE',
+    'read':   'GET'
+  };
+
+  // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+  // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+  Backbone.ajax = function() {
+    return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Backbone.Router
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+    this._bindRoutes();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+  // parts of route strings.
+  var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+  var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
+  var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+    //
+    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+    //       ...
+    //     });
+    //
+    route: function(route, name, callback) {
+      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+      if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        callback = name;
+        name = '';
+      }
+      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+      var router = this;
+      Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+        var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+        if (router.execute(callback, args, name) !== false) {
+          router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+          router.trigger('route', name, args);
+          Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+        }
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters.  This is an
+    // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
+    execute: function(callback, args, name) {
+      if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+    _bindRoutes: function() {
+      if (!this.routes) return;
+      this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+      var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+      while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+        this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+    // against the current location hash.
+    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                   .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                   .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+                     return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
+                   })
+                   .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
+      return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
+    },
+
+    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+    // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+    // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+      var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+      return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
+        // Don't decode the search params.
+        if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
+        return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+      });
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.History
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+  // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+  // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+  // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+  // falls back to polling.
+  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+    this.handlers = [];
+    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+      this.location = window.location;
+      this.history = window.history;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+  var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
+  var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
+
+  // Has the history handling already been started?
+  History.started = false;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+    // twenty times a second.
+    interval: 50,
+
+    // Are we at the app root?
+    atRoot: function() {
+      var path = this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/');
+      return path === this.root && !this.getSearch();
+    },
+
+    // In IE6, the hash fragment and search params are incorrect if the
+    // fragment contains `?`.
+    getSearch: function() {
+      var match = this.location.href.replace(/#.*/, '').match(/\?.+/);
+      return match ? match[0] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+    getHash: function(window) {
+      var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+      return match ? match[1] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Get the pathname and search params, without the root.
+    getPath: function() {
+      var path = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.getSearch());
+      var root = this.root.slice(0, -1);
+      if (!path.indexOf(root)) path = path.slice(root.length);
+      return path.charAt(0) === '/' ? path.slice(1) : path;
+    },
+
+    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment from the path or hash.
+    getFragment: function(fragment) {
+      if (fragment == null) {
+        if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange) {
+          fragment = this.getPath();
+        } else {
+          fragment = this.getHash();
+        }
+      }
+      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+    },
+
+    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+    start: function(options) {
+      if (History.started) throw new Error('Backbone.history has already been started');
+      History.started = true;
+
+      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+      this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+      this.root             = this.options.root;
+      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+      this._hasHashChange   = 'onhashchange' in window;
+      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
+      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+      this.fragment         = this.getFragment();
+
+      // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+      this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+      // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+      // requested.
+      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+        // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+        // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+        if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
+          var root = this.root.slice(0, -1) || '/';
+          this.location.replace(root + '#' + this.getPath());
+          // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+          return true;
+
+        // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+        // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+        } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot()) {
+          this.navigate(this.getHash(), {replace: true});
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      // Proxy an iframe to handle location events if the browser doesn't
+      // support the `hashchange` event, HTML5 history, or the user wants
+      // `hashChange` but not `pushState`.
+      if (!this._hasHashChange && this._wantsHashChange && (!this._wantsPushState || !this._hasPushState)) {
+        var iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
+        iframe.src = 'javascript:0';
+        iframe.style.display = 'none';
+        iframe.tabIndex = -1;
+        var body = document.body;
+        // Using `appendChild` will throw on IE < 9 if the document is not ready.
+        this.iframe = body.insertBefore(iframe, body.firstChild).contentWindow;
+        this.iframe.document.open().close();
+        this.iframe.location.hash = '#' + this.fragment;
+      }
+
+      // Add a cross-platform `addEventListener` shim for older browsers.
+      var addEventListener = window.addEventListener || function (eventName, listener) {
+        return attachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
+      };
+
+      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        addEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange && !this.iframe) {
+        addEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+      }
+
+      if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+    stop: function() {
+      // Add a cross-platform `removeEventListener` shim for older browsers.
+      var removeEventListener = window.removeEventListener || function (eventName, listener) {
+        return detachEvent('on' + eventName, listener);
+      };
+
+      // Remove window listeners.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        removeEventListener('popstate', this.checkUrl, false);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && this._hasHashChange && !this.iframe) {
+        removeEventListener('hashchange', this.checkUrl, false);
+      }
+
+      // Clean up the iframe if necessary.
+      if (this.iframe) {
+        document.body.removeChild(this.iframe.frameElement);
+        this.iframe = null;
+      }
+
+      // Some environments will throw when clearing an undefined interval.
+      if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+      History.started = false;
+    },
+
+    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+    // may override previous routes.
+    route: function(route, callback) {
+      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+    },
+
+    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+    checkUrl: function(e) {
+      var current = this.getFragment();
+
+      // If the user pressed the back button, the iframe's hash will have
+      // changed and we should use that for comparison.
+      if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+        current = this.getHash(this.iframe);
+      }
+
+      if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+      this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+    // returns `false`.
+    loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+      fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+          handler.callback(fragment);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+    // the fragment in advance.
+    //
+    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      if (!History.started) return false;
+      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+      // Normalize the fragment.
+      fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || '');
+
+      // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+      var root = this.root;
+      if (fragment === '' || fragment.charAt(0) === '?') {
+        root = root.slice(0, -1) || '/';
+      }
+      var url = root + fragment;
+
+      // Strip the hash and decode for matching.
+      fragment = decodeURI(fragment.replace(pathStripper, ''));
+
+      if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+
+      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+      // fragment to store history.
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getHash(this.iframe))) {
+          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+          // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+          // want this.
+          if (!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        }
+
+      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+      } else {
+        return this.location.assign(url);
+      }
+      if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+    },
+
+    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+    // a new one to the browser history.
+    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+      if (replace) {
+        var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+        location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+      } else {
+        // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+        location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Create the default Backbone.history.
+  Backbone.history = new History;
+
+  // Helpers
+  // -------
+
+  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+  // class properties to be extended.
+  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+    var parent = this;
+    var child;
+
+    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+      child = protoProps.constructor;
+    } else {
+      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+    }
+
+    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+    // `parent`'s constructor function.
+    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+    // if supplied.
+    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+    // later.
+    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+    return child;
+  };
+
+  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+  var urlError = function() {
+    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+  };
+
+  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+  var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(resp) {
+      if (error) error.call(options.context, model, resp, options);
+      model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+    };
+  };
+
+  return Backbone;
+
+}));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ea4b13d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone-min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+(function(t,e){if(typeof define==="function"&&define.amd){define(["underscore","jquery","exports"],function(i,r,s){t.Backbone=e(t,s,i,r)})}else if(typeof exports!=="undefined"){var i=require("underscore");e(t,exports,i)}else{t.Backbone=e(t,{},t._,t.jQuery||t.Zepto||t.ender||t.$)}})(this,function(t,e,i,r){var s=t.Backbone;var n=[];var a=n.push;var o=n.slice;var h=n.splice;e.VERSION="1.1.2";e.$=r;e.noConflict=function(){t.Backbone=s;return this};e.emulateHTTP=false;e.emulateJSON=false;var u=e.Events={on:function(t,e,i){if(!c(this,"on",t,[e,i])||!e)return this;this._events||(this._events={});var r=this._events[t]||(this._events[t]=[]);r.push({callback:e,context:i,ctx:i||this});return this},once:function(t,e,r){if(!c(this,"once",t,[e,r])||!e)return this;var s=this;var n=i.once(function(){s.off(t,n);e.apply(this,arguments)});n._callback=e;return this.on(t,n,r)},off:function(t,e,r){var s,n,a,o,h,u,l,f;if(!this._events||!c(this,"off",t,[e,r]))return this;if(!t&&!e&&!r){this._events=void 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r=t[e];if(!i.isFunction(r))r=this[t[e]];if(!r)continue;var s=e.match(x);var n=s[1],a=s[2];r=i.bind(r,this);n+=".delegateEvents"+this.cid;if(a===""){this.$el.on(n,r)}else{this.$el.on(n,a,r)}}return this},undelegateEvents:function(){this.$el.off(".delegateEvents"+this.cid);return this},_ensureElement:function(){if(!this.el){var t=i.extend({},i.result(this,"attributes"));if(this.id)t.id=i.result(this,"id");if(this.className)t["class"]=i.result(this,"className");var r=e.$("<"+i.result(this,"tagName")+">").attr(t);this.setElement(r,false)}else{this.setElement(i.result(this,"el"),false)}}});e.sync=function(t,r,s){var n=T[t];i.defaults(s||(s={}),{emulateHTTP:e.emulateHTTP,emulateJSON:e.emulateJSON});var a={type:n,dataType:"json"};if(!s.url){a.url=i.result(r,"url")||M()}if(s.data==null&&r&&(t==="create"||t==="update"||t==="patch")){a.contentType="application/json";a.data=JSON.stringify(s.attrs||r.toJSON(s))}if(s.emulateJSON){a.contentType="application/x-www-form-urlencoded";a.data=a.data?{model:a.data}:{}}if(s.emulateHTTP&&(n==="PUT"||n==="DELETE"||n==="PATCH")){a.type="POST";if(s.emulateJSON)a.data._method=n;var o=s.beforeSend;s.beforeSend=function(t){t.setRequestHeader("X-HTTP-Method-Override",n);if(o)return o.apply(this,arguments)}}if(a.type!=="GET"&&!s.emulateJSON){a.processData=false}if(a.type==="PATCH"&&k){a.xhr=function(){return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")}}var h=s.xhr=e.ajax(i.extend(a,s));r.trigger("request",r,h,s);return h};var k=typeof window!=="undefined"&&!!window.ActiveXObject&&!(window.XMLHttpRequest&&(new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);var T={create:"POST",update:"PUT",patch:"PATCH","delete":"DELETE",read:"GET"};e.ajax=function(){return e.$.ajax.apply(e.$,arguments)};var $=e.Router=function(t){t||(t={});if(t.routes)this.routes=t.routes;this._bindRoutes();this.initialize.apply(this,arguments)};var S=/\((.*?)\)/g;var H=/(\(\?)?:\w+/g;var A=/\*\w+/g;var I=/[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;i.extend($.prototype,u,{initialize:function(){},route:function(t,r,s){if(!i.isRegExp(t))t=this._routeToRegExp(t);if(i.isFunction(r)){s=r;r=""}if(!s)s=this[r];var n=this;e.history.route(t,function(i){var a=n._extractParameters(t,i);n.execute(s,a);n.trigger.apply(n,["route:"+r].concat(a));n.trigger("route",r,a);e.history.trigger("route",n,r,a)});return this},execute:function(t,e){if(t)t.apply(this,e)},navigate:function(t,i){e.history.navigate(t,i);return this},_bindRoutes:function(){if(!this.routes)return;this.routes=i.result(this,"routes");var t,e=i.keys(this.routes);while((t=e.pop())!=null){this.route(t,this.routes[t])}},_routeToRegExp:function(t){t=t.replace(I,"\\$&").replace(S,"(?:$1)?").replace(H,function(t,e){return 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t.replace(R,"")},start:function(t){if(N.started)throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");N.started=true;this.options=i.extend({root:"/"},this.options,t);this.root=this.options.root;this._wantsHashChange=this.options.hashChange!==false;this._wantsPushState=!!this.options.pushState;this._hasPushState=!!(this.options.pushState&&this.history&&this.history.pushState);var r=this.getFragment();var s=document.documentMode;var n=P.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase())&&(!s||s<=7);this.root=("/"+this.root+"/").replace(O,"/");if(n&&this._wantsHashChange){var a=e.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');this.iframe=a.hide().appendTo("body")[0].contentWindow;this.navigate(r)}if(this._hasPushState){e.$(window).on("popstate",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange&&"onhashchange"in window&&!n){e.$(window).on("hashchange",this.checkUrl)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._checkUrlInterval=setInterval(this.checkUrl,this.interval)}this.fragment=r;var o=this.location;if(this._wantsHashChange&&this._wantsPushState){if(!this._hasPushState&&!this.atRoot()){this.fragment=this.getFragment(null,true);this.location.replace(this.root+"#"+this.fragment);return true}else if(this._hasPushState&&this.atRoot()&&o.hash){this.fragment=this.getHash().replace(R,"");this.history.replaceState({},document.title,this.root+this.fragment)}}if(!this.options.silent)return this.loadUrl()},stop:function(){e.$(window).off("popstate",this.checkUrl).off("hashchange",this.checkUrl);if(this._checkUrlInterval)clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);N.started=false},route:function(t,e){this.handlers.unshift({route:t,callback:e})},checkUrl:function(t){var e=this.getFragment();if(e===this.fragment&&this.iframe){e=this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))}if(e===this.fragment)return false;if(this.iframe)this.navigate(e);this.loadUrl()},loadUrl:function(t){t=this.fragment=this.getFragment(t);return i.any(this.handlers,function(e){if(e.route.test(t)){e.callback(t);return true}})},navigate:function(t,e){if(!N.started)return false;if(!e||e===true)e={trigger:!!e};var i=this.root+(t=this.getFragment(t||""));t=t.replace(j,"");if(this.fragment===t)return;this.fragment=t;if(t===""&&i!=="/")i=i.slice(0,-1);if(this._hasPushState){this.history[e.replace?"replaceState":"pushState"]({},document.title,i)}else if(this._wantsHashChange){this._updateHash(this.location,t,e.replace);if(this.iframe&&t!==this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe))){if(!e.replace)this.iframe.document.open().close();this._updateHash(this.iframe.location,t,e.replace)}}else{return this.location.assign(i)}if(e.trigger)return this.loadUrl(t)},_updateHash:function(t,e,i){if(i){var r=t.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/,"");t.replace(r+"#"+e)}else{t.hash="#"+e}}});e.history=new N;var U=function(t,e){var r=this;var s;if(t&&i.has(t,"constructor")){s=t.constructor}else{s=function(){return r.apply(this,arguments)}}i.extend(s,r,e);var n=function(){this.constructor=s};n.prototype=r.prototype;s.prototype=new n;if(t)i.extend(s.prototype,t);s.__super__=r.prototype;return s};p.extend=g.extend=$.extend=w.extend=N.extend=U;var M=function(){throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified')};var q=function(t,e){var i=e.error;e.error=function(r){if(i)i(t,r,e);t.trigger("error",t,r,e)}};return e});
+//# sourceMappingURL=backbone-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..24a550a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/backbone.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1608 @@
+//     Backbone.js 1.1.2
+
+//     (c) 2010-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Backbone may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://backbonejs.org
+
+(function(root, factory) {
+
+  // Set up Backbone appropriately for the environment. Start with AMD.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define(['underscore', 'jquery', 'exports'], function(_, $, exports) {
+      // Export global even in AMD case in case this script is loaded with
+      // others that may still expect a global Backbone.
+      root.Backbone = factory(root, exports, _, $);
+    });
+
+  // Next for Node.js or CommonJS. jQuery may not be needed as a module.
+  } else if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    var _ = require('underscore');
+    factory(root, exports, _);
+
+  // Finally, as a browser global.
+  } else {
+    root.Backbone = factory(root, {}, root._, (root.jQuery || root.Zepto || root.ender || root.$));
+  }
+
+}(this, function(root, Backbone, _, $) {
+
+  // Initial Setup
+  // -------------
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `Backbone` variable, so that it can be
+  // restored later on, if `noConflict` is used.
+  var previousBackbone = root.Backbone;
+
+  // Create local references to array methods we'll want to use later.
+  var array = [];
+  var push = array.push;
+  var slice = array.slice;
+  var splice = array.splice;
+
+  // Current version of the library. Keep in sync with `package.json`.
+  Backbone.VERSION = '1.1.2';
+
+  // For Backbone's purposes, jQuery, Zepto, Ender, or My Library (kidding) owns
+  // the `$` variable.
+  Backbone.$ = $;
+
+  // Runs Backbone.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `Backbone` variable
+  // to its previous owner. Returns a reference to this Backbone object.
+  Backbone.noConflict = function() {
+    root.Backbone = previousBackbone;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Turn on `emulateHTTP` to support legacy HTTP servers. Setting this option
+  // will fake `"PATCH"`, `"PUT"` and `"DELETE"` requests via the `_method` parameter and
+  // set a `X-Http-Method-Override` header.
+  Backbone.emulateHTTP = false;
+
+  // Turn on `emulateJSON` to support legacy servers that can't deal with direct
+  // `application/json` requests ... will encode the body as
+  // `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` instead and will send the model in a
+  // form param named `model`.
+  Backbone.emulateJSON = false;
+
+  // Backbone.Events
+  // ---------------
+
+  // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with
+  // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback
+  // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in
+  // succession.
+  //
+  //     var object = {};
+  //     _.extend(object, Backbone.Events);
+  //     object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); });
+  //     object.trigger('expand');
+  //
+  var Events = Backbone.Events = {
+
+    // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind
+    // the callback to all events fired.
+    on: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      this._events || (this._events = {});
+      var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []);
+      events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this});
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time
+    // the callback is invoked, it will be removed.
+    once: function(name, callback, context) {
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this;
+      var self = this;
+      var once = _.once(function() {
+        self.off(name, once);
+        callback.apply(this, arguments);
+      });
+      once._callback = callback;
+      return this.on(name, once, context);
+    },
+
+    // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all
+    // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound
+    // callbacks for all events.
+    off: function(name, callback, context) {
+      var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k;
+      if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this;
+      if (!name && !callback && !context) {
+        this._events = void 0;
+        return this;
+      }
+      names = name ? [name] : _.keys(this._events);
+      for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        name = names[i];
+        if (events = this._events[name]) {
+          this._events[name] = retain = [];
+          if (callback || context) {
+            for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) {
+              ev = events[j];
+              if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) ||
+                  (context && context !== ev.context)) {
+                retain.push(ev);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+          if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name];
+        }
+      }
+
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are
+    // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name
+    // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to
+    // receive the true name of the event as the first argument).
+    trigger: function(name) {
+      if (!this._events) return this;
+      var args = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+      if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this;
+      var events = this._events[name];
+      var allEvents = this._events.all;
+      if (events) triggerEvents(events, args);
+      if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or
+    // to every object it's currently listening to.
+    stopListening: function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo;
+      if (!listeningTo) return this;
+      var remove = !name && !callback;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      if (obj) (listeningTo = {})[obj._listenId] = obj;
+      for (var id in listeningTo) {
+        obj = listeningTo[id];
+        obj.off(name, callback, this);
+        if (remove || _.isEmpty(obj._events)) delete this._listeningTo[id];
+      }
+      return this;
+    }
+
+  };
+
+  // Regular expression used to split event strings.
+  var eventSplitter = /\s+/;
+
+  // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event
+  // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}`
+  // in terms of the existing API.
+  var eventsApi = function(obj, action, name, rest) {
+    if (!name) return true;
+
+    // Handle event maps.
+    if (typeof name === 'object') {
+      for (var key in name) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    // Handle space separated event names.
+    if (eventSplitter.test(name)) {
+      var names = name.split(eventSplitter);
+      for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) {
+        obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest));
+      }
+      return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for
+  // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal
+  // Backbone events have 3 arguments).
+  var triggerEvents = function(events, args) {
+    var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2];
+    switch (args.length) {
+      case 0: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); return;
+      case 1: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); return;
+      case 2: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); return;
+      case 3: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); return;
+      default: while (++i < l) (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); return;
+    }
+  };
+
+  var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'};
+
+  // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to
+  // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's
+  // listening to.
+  _.each(listenMethods, function(implementation, method) {
+    Events[method] = function(obj, name, callback) {
+      var listeningTo = this._listeningTo || (this._listeningTo = {});
+      var id = obj._listenId || (obj._listenId = _.uniqueId('l'));
+      listeningTo[id] = obj;
+      if (!callback && typeof name === 'object') callback = this;
+      obj[implementation](name, callback, this);
+      return this;
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Aliases for backwards compatibility.
+  Events.bind   = Events.on;
+  Events.unbind = Events.off;
+
+  // Allow the `Backbone` object to serve as a global event bus, for folks who
+  // want global "pubsub" in a convenient place.
+  _.extend(Backbone, Events);
+
+  // Backbone.Model
+  // --------------
+
+  // Backbone **Models** are the basic data object in the framework --
+  // frequently representing a row in a table in a database on your server.
+  // A discrete chunk of data and a bunch of useful, related methods for
+  // performing computations and transformations on that data.
+
+  // Create a new model with the specified attributes. A client id (`cid`)
+  // is automatically generated and assigned for you.
+  var Model = Backbone.Model = function(attributes, options) {
+    var attrs = attributes || {};
+    options || (options = {});
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('c');
+    this.attributes = {};
+    if (options.collection) this.collection = options.collection;
+    if (options.parse) attrs = this.parse(attrs, options) || {};
+    attrs = _.defaults({}, attrs, _.result(this, 'defaults'));
+    this.set(attrs, options);
+    this.changed = {};
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Attach all inheritable methods to the Model prototype.
+  _.extend(Model.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // A hash of attributes whose current and previous value differ.
+    changed: null,
+
+    // The value returned during the last failed validation.
+    validationError: null,
+
+    // The default name for the JSON `id` attribute is `"id"`. MongoDB and
+    // CouchDB users may want to set this to `"_id"`.
+    idAttribute: 'id',
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Return a copy of the model's `attributes` object.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return _.clone(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default -- but override this if you need
+    // custom syncing semantics for *this* particular model.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get the value of an attribute.
+    get: function(attr) {
+      return this.attributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get the HTML-escaped value of an attribute.
+    escape: function(attr) {
+      return _.escape(this.get(attr));
+    },
+
+    // Returns `true` if the attribute contains a value that is not null
+    // or undefined.
+    has: function(attr) {
+      return this.get(attr) != null;
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes on the object, firing `"change"`. This is
+    // the core primitive operation of a model, updating the data and notifying
+    // anyone who needs to know about the change in state. The heart of the beast.
+    set: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attr, attrs, unset, changes, silent, changing, prev, current;
+      if (key == null) return this;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run validation.
+      if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+
+      // Extract attributes and options.
+      unset           = options.unset;
+      silent          = options.silent;
+      changes         = [];
+      changing        = this._changing;
+      this._changing  = true;
+
+      if (!changing) {
+        this._previousAttributes = _.clone(this.attributes);
+        this.changed = {};
+      }
+      current = this.attributes, prev = this._previousAttributes;
+
+      // Check for changes of `id`.
+      if (this.idAttribute in attrs) this.id = attrs[this.idAttribute];
+
+      // For each `set` attribute, update or delete the current value.
+      for (attr in attrs) {
+        val = attrs[attr];
+        if (!_.isEqual(current[attr], val)) changes.push(attr);
+        if (!_.isEqual(prev[attr], val)) {
+          this.changed[attr] = val;
+        } else {
+          delete this.changed[attr];
+        }
+        unset ? delete current[attr] : current[attr] = val;
+      }
+
+      // Trigger all relevant attribute changes.
+      if (!silent) {
+        if (changes.length) this._pending = options;
+        for (var i = 0, l = changes.length; i < l; i++) {
+          this.trigger('change:' + changes[i], this, current[changes[i]], options);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // You might be wondering why there's a `while` loop here. Changes can
+      // be recursively nested within `"change"` events.
+      if (changing) return this;
+      if (!silent) {
+        while (this._pending) {
+          options = this._pending;
+          this._pending = false;
+          this.trigger('change', this, options);
+        }
+      }
+      this._pending = false;
+      this._changing = false;
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove an attribute from the model, firing `"change"`. `unset` is a noop
+    // if the attribute doesn't exist.
+    unset: function(attr, options) {
+      return this.set(attr, void 0, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Clear all attributes on the model, firing `"change"`.
+    clear: function(options) {
+      var attrs = {};
+      for (var key in this.attributes) attrs[key] = void 0;
+      return this.set(attrs, _.extend({}, options, {unset: true}));
+    },
+
+    // Determine if the model has changed since the last `"change"` event.
+    // If you specify an attribute name, determine if that attribute has changed.
+    hasChanged: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null) return !_.isEmpty(this.changed);
+      return _.has(this.changed, attr);
+    },
+
+    // Return an object containing all the attributes that have changed, or
+    // false if there are no changed attributes. Useful for determining what
+    // parts of a view need to be updated and/or what attributes need to be
+    // persisted to the server. Unset attributes will be set to undefined.
+    // You can also pass an attributes object to diff against the model,
+    // determining if there *would be* a change.
+    changedAttributes: function(diff) {
+      if (!diff) return this.hasChanged() ? _.clone(this.changed) : false;
+      var val, changed = false;
+      var old = this._changing ? this._previousAttributes : this.attributes;
+      for (var attr in diff) {
+        if (_.isEqual(old[attr], (val = diff[attr]))) continue;
+        (changed || (changed = {}))[attr] = val;
+      }
+      return changed;
+    },
+
+    // Get the previous value of an attribute, recorded at the time the last
+    // `"change"` event was fired.
+    previous: function(attr) {
+      if (attr == null || !this._previousAttributes) return null;
+      return this._previousAttributes[attr];
+    },
+
+    // Get all of the attributes of the model at the time of the previous
+    // `"change"` event.
+    previousAttributes: function() {
+      return _.clone(this._previousAttributes);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the model from the server. If the server's representation of the
+    // model differs from its current attributes, they will be overridden,
+    // triggering a `"change"` event.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (!model.set(model.parse(resp, options), options)) return false;
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Set a hash of model attributes, and sync the model to the server.
+    // If the server returns an attributes hash that differs, the model's
+    // state will be `set` again.
+    save: function(key, val, options) {
+      var attrs, method, xhr, attributes = this.attributes;
+
+      // Handle both `"key", value` and `{key: value}` -style arguments.
+      if (key == null || typeof key === 'object') {
+        attrs = key;
+        options = val;
+      } else {
+        (attrs = {})[key] = val;
+      }
+
+      options = _.extend({validate: true}, options);
+
+      // If we're not waiting and attributes exist, save acts as
+      // `set(attr).save(null, opts)` with validation. Otherwise, check if
+      // the model will be valid when the attributes, if any, are set.
+      if (attrs && !options.wait) {
+        if (!this.set(attrs, options)) return false;
+      } else {
+        if (!this._validate(attrs, options)) return false;
+      }
+
+      // Set temporary attributes if `{wait: true}`.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) {
+        this.attributes = _.extend({}, attributes, attrs);
+      }
+
+      // After a successful server-side save, the client is (optionally)
+      // updated with the server-side state.
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        // Ensure attributes are restored during synchronous saves.
+        model.attributes = attributes;
+        var serverAttrs = model.parse(resp, options);
+        if (options.wait) serverAttrs = _.extend(attrs || {}, serverAttrs);
+        if (_.isObject(serverAttrs) && !model.set(serverAttrs, options)) {
+          return false;
+        }
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      method = this.isNew() ? 'create' : (options.patch ? 'patch' : 'update');
+      if (method === 'patch') options.attrs = attrs;
+      xhr = this.sync(method, this, options);
+
+      // Restore attributes.
+      if (attrs && options.wait) this.attributes = attributes;
+
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Destroy this model on the server if it was already persisted.
+    // Optimistically removes the model from its collection, if it has one.
+    // If `wait: true` is passed, waits for the server to respond before removal.
+    destroy: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      var model = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+
+      var destroy = function() {
+        model.trigger('destroy', model, model.collection, options);
+      };
+
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        if (options.wait || model.isNew()) destroy();
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+        if (!model.isNew()) model.trigger('sync', model, resp, options);
+      };
+
+      if (this.isNew()) {
+        options.success();
+        return false;
+      }
+      wrapError(this, options);
+
+      var xhr = this.sync('delete', this, options);
+      if (!options.wait) destroy();
+      return xhr;
+    },
+
+    // Default URL for the model's representation on the server -- if you're
+    // using Backbone's restful methods, override this to change the endpoint
+    // that will be called.
+    url: function() {
+      var base =
+        _.result(this, 'urlRoot') ||
+        _.result(this.collection, 'url') ||
+        urlError();
+      if (this.isNew()) return base;
+      return base.replace(/([^\/])$/, '$1/') + encodeURIComponent(this.id);
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into the hash of attributes to be `set` on
+    // the model. The default implementation is just to pass the response along.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new model with identical attributes to this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.attributes);
+    },
+
+    // A model is new if it has never been saved to the server, and lacks an id.
+    isNew: function() {
+      return !this.has(this.idAttribute);
+    },
+
+    // Check if the model is currently in a valid state.
+    isValid: function(options) {
+      return this._validate({}, _.extend(options || {}, { validate: true }));
+    },
+
+    // Run validation against the next complete set of model attributes,
+    // returning `true` if all is well. Otherwise, fire an `"invalid"` event.
+    _validate: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (!options.validate || !this.validate) return true;
+      attrs = _.extend({}, this.attributes, attrs);
+      var error = this.validationError = this.validate(attrs, options) || null;
+      if (!error) return true;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, error, _.extend(options, {validationError: error}));
+      return false;
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Model.
+  var modelMethods = ['keys', 'values', 'pairs', 'invert', 'pick', 'omit'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Model#attributes`.
+  _.each(modelMethods, function(method) {
+    Model.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.attributes);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.Collection
+  // -------------------
+
+  // If models tend to represent a single row of data, a Backbone Collection is
+  // more analagous to a table full of data ... or a small slice or page of that
+  // table, or a collection of rows that belong together for a particular reason
+  // -- all of the messages in this particular folder, all of the documents
+  // belonging to this particular author, and so on. Collections maintain
+  // indexes of their models, both in order, and for lookup by `id`.
+
+  // Create a new **Collection**, perhaps to contain a specific type of `model`.
+  // If a `comparator` is specified, the Collection will maintain
+  // its models in sort order, as they're added and removed.
+  var Collection = Backbone.Collection = function(models, options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.model) this.model = options.model;
+    if (options.comparator !== void 0) this.comparator = options.comparator;
+    this._reset();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    if (models) this.reset(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+  };
+
+  // Default options for `Collection#set`.
+  var setOptions = {add: true, remove: true, merge: true};
+  var addOptions = {add: true, remove: false};
+
+  // Define the Collection's inheritable methods.
+  _.extend(Collection.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default model for a collection is just a **Backbone.Model**.
+    // This should be overridden in most cases.
+    model: Model,
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // The JSON representation of a Collection is an array of the
+    // models' attributes.
+    toJSON: function(options) {
+      return this.map(function(model){ return model.toJSON(options); });
+    },
+
+    // Proxy `Backbone.sync` by default.
+    sync: function() {
+      return Backbone.sync.apply(this, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Add a model, or list of models to the set.
+    add: function(models, options) {
+      return this.set(models, _.extend({merge: false}, options, addOptions));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model, or a list of models from the set.
+    remove: function(models, options) {
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? [models] : _.clone(models);
+      options || (options = {});
+      var i, l, index, model;
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        model = models[i] = this.get(models[i]);
+        if (!model) continue;
+        delete this._byId[model.id];
+        delete this._byId[model.cid];
+        index = this.indexOf(model);
+        this.models.splice(index, 1);
+        this.length--;
+        if (!options.silent) {
+          options.index = index;
+          model.trigger('remove', model, this, options);
+        }
+        this._removeReference(model, options);
+      }
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // Update a collection by `set`-ing a new list of models, adding new ones,
+    // removing models that are no longer present, and merging models that
+    // already exist in the collection, as necessary. Similar to **Model#set**,
+    // the core operation for updating the data contained by the collection.
+    set: function(models, options) {
+      options = _.defaults({}, options, setOptions);
+      if (options.parse) models = this.parse(models, options);
+      var singular = !_.isArray(models);
+      models = singular ? (models ? [models] : []) : _.clone(models);
+      var i, l, id, model, attrs, existing, sort;
+      var at = options.at;
+      var targetModel = this.model;
+      var sortable = this.comparator && (at == null) && options.sort !== false;
+      var sortAttr = _.isString(this.comparator) ? this.comparator : null;
+      var toAdd = [], toRemove = [], modelMap = {};
+      var add = options.add, merge = options.merge, remove = options.remove;
+      var order = !sortable && add && remove ? [] : false;
+
+      // Turn bare objects into model references, and prevent invalid models
+      // from being added.
+      for (i = 0, l = models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        attrs = models[i] || {};
+        if (attrs instanceof Model) {
+          id = model = attrs;
+        } else {
+          id = attrs[targetModel.prototype.idAttribute || 'id'];
+        }
+
+        // If a duplicate is found, prevent it from being added and
+        // optionally merge it into the existing model.
+        if (existing = this.get(id)) {
+          if (remove) modelMap[existing.cid] = true;
+          if (merge) {
+            attrs = attrs === model ? model.attributes : attrs;
+            if (options.parse) attrs = existing.parse(attrs, options);
+            existing.set(attrs, options);
+            if (sortable && !sort && existing.hasChanged(sortAttr)) sort = true;
+          }
+          models[i] = existing;
+
+        // If this is a new, valid model, push it to the `toAdd` list.
+        } else if (add) {
+          model = models[i] = this._prepareModel(attrs, options);
+          if (!model) continue;
+          toAdd.push(model);
+          this._addReference(model, options);
+        }
+
+        // Do not add multiple models with the same `id`.
+        model = existing || model;
+        if (order && (model.isNew() || !modelMap[model.id])) order.push(model);
+        modelMap[model.id] = true;
+      }
+
+      // Remove nonexistent models if appropriate.
+      if (remove) {
+        for (i = 0, l = this.length; i < l; ++i) {
+          if (!modelMap[(model = this.models[i]).cid]) toRemove.push(model);
+        }
+        if (toRemove.length) this.remove(toRemove, options);
+      }
+
+      // See if sorting is needed, update `length` and splice in new models.
+      if (toAdd.length || (order && order.length)) {
+        if (sortable) sort = true;
+        this.length += toAdd.length;
+        if (at != null) {
+          for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.splice(at + i, 0, toAdd[i]);
+          }
+        } else {
+          if (order) this.models.length = 0;
+          var orderedModels = order || toAdd;
+          for (i = 0, l = orderedModels.length; i < l; i++) {
+            this.models.push(orderedModels[i]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Silently sort the collection if appropriate.
+      if (sort) this.sort({silent: true});
+
+      // Unless silenced, it's time to fire all appropriate add/sort events.
+      if (!options.silent) {
+        for (i = 0, l = toAdd.length; i < l; i++) {
+          (model = toAdd[i]).trigger('add', model, this, options);
+        }
+        if (sort || (order && order.length)) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      }
+
+      // Return the added (or merged) model (or models).
+      return singular ? models[0] : models;
+    },
+
+    // When you have more items than you want to add or remove individually,
+    // you can reset the entire set with a new list of models, without firing
+    // any granular `add` or `remove` events. Fires `reset` when finished.
+    // Useful for bulk operations and optimizations.
+    reset: function(models, options) {
+      options || (options = {});
+      for (var i = 0, l = this.models.length; i < l; i++) {
+        this._removeReference(this.models[i], options);
+      }
+      options.previousModels = this.models;
+      this._reset();
+      models = this.add(models, _.extend({silent: true}, options));
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('reset', this, options);
+      return models;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the end of the collection.
+    push: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: this.length}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the end of the collection.
+    pop: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(this.length - 1);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Add a model to the beginning of the collection.
+    unshift: function(model, options) {
+      return this.add(model, _.extend({at: 0}, options));
+    },
+
+    // Remove a model from the beginning of the collection.
+    shift: function(options) {
+      var model = this.at(0);
+      this.remove(model, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // Slice out a sub-array of models from the collection.
+    slice: function() {
+      return slice.apply(this.models, arguments);
+    },
+
+    // Get a model from the set by id.
+    get: function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return void 0;
+      return this._byId[obj] || this._byId[obj.id] || this._byId[obj.cid];
+    },
+
+    // Get the model at the given index.
+    at: function(index) {
+      return this.models[index];
+    },
+
+    // Return models with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases of
+    // `filter`.
+    where: function(attrs, first) {
+      if (_.isEmpty(attrs)) return first ? void 0 : [];
+      return this[first ? 'find' : 'filter'](function(model) {
+        for (var key in attrs) {
+          if (attrs[key] !== model.get(key)) return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Return the first model with matching attributes. Useful for simple cases
+    // of `find`.
+    findWhere: function(attrs) {
+      return this.where(attrs, true);
+    },
+
+    // Force the collection to re-sort itself. You don't need to call this under
+    // normal circumstances, as the set will maintain sort order as each item
+    // is added.
+    sort: function(options) {
+      if (!this.comparator) throw new Error('Cannot sort a set without a comparator');
+      options || (options = {});
+
+      // Run sort based on type of `comparator`.
+      if (_.isString(this.comparator) || this.comparator.length === 1) {
+        this.models = this.sortBy(this.comparator, this);
+      } else {
+        this.models.sort(_.bind(this.comparator, this));
+      }
+
+      if (!options.silent) this.trigger('sort', this, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Pluck an attribute from each model in the collection.
+    pluck: function(attr) {
+      return _.invoke(this.models, 'get', attr);
+    },
+
+    // Fetch the default set of models for this collection, resetting the
+    // collection when they arrive. If `reset: true` is passed, the response
+    // data will be passed through the `reset` method instead of `set`.
+    fetch: function(options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (options.parse === void 0) options.parse = true;
+      var success = options.success;
+      var collection = this;
+      options.success = function(resp) {
+        var method = options.reset ? 'reset' : 'set';
+        collection[method](resp, options);
+        if (success) success(collection, resp, options);
+        collection.trigger('sync', collection, resp, options);
+      };
+      wrapError(this, options);
+      return this.sync('read', this, options);
+    },
+
+    // Create a new instance of a model in this collection. Add the model to the
+    // collection immediately, unless `wait: true` is passed, in which case we
+    // wait for the server to agree.
+    create: function(model, options) {
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      if (!(model = this._prepareModel(model, options))) return false;
+      if (!options.wait) this.add(model, options);
+      var collection = this;
+      var success = options.success;
+      options.success = function(model, resp) {
+        if (options.wait) collection.add(model, options);
+        if (success) success(model, resp, options);
+      };
+      model.save(null, options);
+      return model;
+    },
+
+    // **parse** converts a response into a list of models to be added to the
+    // collection. The default implementation is just to pass it through.
+    parse: function(resp, options) {
+      return resp;
+    },
+
+    // Create a new collection with an identical list of models as this one.
+    clone: function() {
+      return new this.constructor(this.models);
+    },
+
+    // Private method to reset all internal state. Called when the collection
+    // is first initialized or reset.
+    _reset: function() {
+      this.length = 0;
+      this.models = [];
+      this._byId  = {};
+    },
+
+    // Prepare a hash of attributes (or other model) to be added to this
+    // collection.
+    _prepareModel: function(attrs, options) {
+      if (attrs instanceof Model) return attrs;
+      options = options ? _.clone(options) : {};
+      options.collection = this;
+      var model = new this.model(attrs, options);
+      if (!model.validationError) return model;
+      this.trigger('invalid', this, model.validationError, options);
+      return false;
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to create a model's ties to a collection.
+    _addReference: function(model, options) {
+      this._byId[model.cid] = model;
+      if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      if (!model.collection) model.collection = this;
+      model.on('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method to sever a model's ties to a collection.
+    _removeReference: function(model, options) {
+      if (this === model.collection) delete model.collection;
+      model.off('all', this._onModelEvent, this);
+    },
+
+    // Internal method called every time a model in the set fires an event.
+    // Sets need to update their indexes when models change ids. All other
+    // events simply proxy through. "add" and "remove" events that originate
+    // in other collections are ignored.
+    _onModelEvent: function(event, model, collection, options) {
+      if ((event === 'add' || event === 'remove') && collection !== this) return;
+      if (event === 'destroy') this.remove(model, options);
+      if (model && event === 'change:' + model.idAttribute) {
+        delete this._byId[model.previous(model.idAttribute)];
+        if (model.id != null) this._byId[model.id] = model;
+      }
+      this.trigger.apply(this, arguments);
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that we want to implement on the Collection.
+  // 90% of the core usefulness of Backbone Collections is actually implemented
+  // right here:
+  var methods = ['forEach', 'each', 'map', 'collect', 'reduce', 'foldl',
+    'inject', 'reduceRight', 'foldr', 'find', 'detect', 'filter', 'select',
+    'reject', 'every', 'all', 'some', 'any', 'include', 'contains', 'invoke',
+    'max', 'min', 'toArray', 'size', 'first', 'head', 'take', 'initial', 'rest',
+    'tail', 'drop', 'last', 'without', 'difference', 'indexOf', 'shuffle',
+    'lastIndexOf', 'isEmpty', 'chain', 'sample'];
+
+  // Mix in each Underscore method as a proxy to `Collection#models`.
+  _.each(methods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      args.unshift(this.models);
+      return _[method].apply(_, args);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Underscore methods that take a property name as an argument.
+  var attributeMethods = ['groupBy', 'countBy', 'sortBy', 'indexBy'];
+
+  // Use attributes instead of properties.
+  _.each(attributeMethods, function(method) {
+    Collection.prototype[method] = function(value, context) {
+      var iterator = _.isFunction(value) ? value : function(model) {
+        return model.get(value);
+      };
+      return _[method](this.models, iterator, context);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.View
+  // -------------
+
+  // Backbone Views are almost more convention than they are actual code. A View
+  // is simply a JavaScript object that represents a logical chunk of UI in the
+  // DOM. This might be a single item, an entire list, a sidebar or panel, or
+  // even the surrounding frame which wraps your whole app. Defining a chunk of
+  // UI as a **View** allows you to define your DOM events declaratively, without
+  // having to worry about render order ... and makes it easy for the view to
+  // react to specific changes in the state of your models.
+
+  // Creating a Backbone.View creates its initial element outside of the DOM,
+  // if an existing element is not provided...
+  var View = Backbone.View = function(options) {
+    this.cid = _.uniqueId('view');
+    options || (options = {});
+    _.extend(this, _.pick(options, viewOptions));
+    this._ensureElement();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+    this.delegateEvents();
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex to split keys for `delegate`.
+  var delegateEventSplitter = /^(\S+)\s*(.*)$/;
+
+  // List of view options to be merged as properties.
+  var viewOptions = ['model', 'collection', 'el', 'id', 'attributes', 'className', 'tagName', 'events'];
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.View** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(View.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default `tagName` of a View's element is `"div"`.
+    tagName: 'div',
+
+    // jQuery delegate for element lookup, scoped to DOM elements within the
+    // current view. This should be preferred to global lookups where possible.
+    $: function(selector) {
+      return this.$el.find(selector);
+    },
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // **render** is the core function that your view should override, in order
+    // to populate its element (`this.el`), with the appropriate HTML. The
+    // convention is for **render** to always return `this`.
+    render: function() {
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Remove this view by taking the element out of the DOM, and removing any
+    // applicable Backbone.Events listeners.
+    remove: function() {
+      this.$el.remove();
+      this.stopListening();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Change the view's element (`this.el` property), including event
+    // re-delegation.
+    setElement: function(element, delegate) {
+      if (this.$el) this.undelegateEvents();
+      this.$el = element instanceof Backbone.$ ? element : Backbone.$(element);
+      this.el = this.$el[0];
+      if (delegate !== false) this.delegateEvents();
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Set callbacks, where `this.events` is a hash of
+    //
+    // *{"event selector": "callback"}*
+    //
+    //     {
+    //       'mousedown .title':  'edit',
+    //       'click .button':     'save',
+    //       'click .open':       function(e) { ... }
+    //     }
+    //
+    // pairs. Callbacks will be bound to the view, with `this` set properly.
+    // Uses event delegation for efficiency.
+    // Omitting the selector binds the event to `this.el`.
+    // This only works for delegate-able events: not `focus`, `blur`, and
+    // not `change`, `submit`, and `reset` in Internet Explorer.
+    delegateEvents: function(events) {
+      if (!(events || (events = _.result(this, 'events')))) return this;
+      this.undelegateEvents();
+      for (var key in events) {
+        var method = events[key];
+        if (!_.isFunction(method)) method = this[events[key]];
+        if (!method) continue;
+
+        var match = key.match(delegateEventSplitter);
+        var eventName = match[1], selector = match[2];
+        method = _.bind(method, this);
+        eventName += '.delegateEvents' + this.cid;
+        if (selector === '') {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, method);
+        } else {
+          this.$el.on(eventName, selector, method);
+        }
+      }
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Clears all callbacks previously bound to the view with `delegateEvents`.
+    // You usually don't need to use this, but may wish to if you have multiple
+    // Backbone views attached to the same DOM element.
+    undelegateEvents: function() {
+      this.$el.off('.delegateEvents' + this.cid);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Ensure that the View has a DOM element to render into.
+    // If `this.el` is a string, pass it through `$()`, take the first
+    // matching element, and re-assign it to `el`. Otherwise, create
+    // an element from the `id`, `className` and `tagName` properties.
+    _ensureElement: function() {
+      if (!this.el) {
+        var attrs = _.extend({}, _.result(this, 'attributes'));
+        if (this.id) attrs.id = _.result(this, 'id');
+        if (this.className) attrs['class'] = _.result(this, 'className');
+        var $el = Backbone.$('<' + _.result(this, 'tagName') + '>').attr(attrs);
+        this.setElement($el, false);
+      } else {
+        this.setElement(_.result(this, 'el'), false);
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.sync
+  // -------------
+
+  // Override this function to change the manner in which Backbone persists
+  // models to the server. You will be passed the type of request, and the
+  // model in question. By default, makes a RESTful Ajax request
+  // to the model's `url()`. Some possible customizations could be:
+  //
+  // * Use `setTimeout` to batch rapid-fire updates into a single request.
+  // * Send up the models as XML instead of JSON.
+  // * Persist models via WebSockets instead of Ajax.
+  //
+  // Turn on `Backbone.emulateHTTP` in order to send `PUT` and `DELETE` requests
+  // as `POST`, with a `_method` parameter containing the true HTTP method,
+  // as well as all requests with the body as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`
+  // instead of `application/json` with the model in a param named `model`.
+  // Useful when interfacing with server-side languages like **PHP** that make
+  // it difficult to read the body of `PUT` requests.
+  Backbone.sync = function(method, model, options) {
+    var type = methodMap[method];
+
+    // Default options, unless specified.
+    _.defaults(options || (options = {}), {
+      emulateHTTP: Backbone.emulateHTTP,
+      emulateJSON: Backbone.emulateJSON
+    });
+
+    // Default JSON-request options.
+    var params = {type: type, dataType: 'json'};
+
+    // Ensure that we have a URL.
+    if (!options.url) {
+      params.url = _.result(model, 'url') || urlError();
+    }
+
+    // Ensure that we have the appropriate request data.
+    if (options.data == null && model && (method === 'create' || method === 'update' || method === 'patch')) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/json';
+      params.data = JSON.stringify(options.attrs || model.toJSON(options));
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate JSON by encoding the request into an HTML-form.
+    if (options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.contentType = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
+      params.data = params.data ? {model: params.data} : {};
+    }
+
+    // For older servers, emulate HTTP by mimicking the HTTP method with `_method`
+    // And an `X-HTTP-Method-Override` header.
+    if (options.emulateHTTP && (type === 'PUT' || type === 'DELETE' || type === 'PATCH')) {
+      params.type = 'POST';
+      if (options.emulateJSON) params.data._method = type;
+      var beforeSend = options.beforeSend;
+      options.beforeSend = function(xhr) {
+        xhr.setRequestHeader('X-HTTP-Method-Override', type);
+        if (beforeSend) return beforeSend.apply(this, arguments);
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Don't process data on a non-GET request.
+    if (params.type !== 'GET' && !options.emulateJSON) {
+      params.processData = false;
+    }
+
+    // If we're sending a `PATCH` request, and we're in an old Internet Explorer
+    // that still has ActiveX enabled by default, override jQuery to use that
+    // for XHR instead. Remove this line when jQuery supports `PATCH` on IE8.
+    if (params.type === 'PATCH' && noXhrPatch) {
+      params.xhr = function() {
+        return new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
+      };
+    }
+
+    // Make the request, allowing the user to override any Ajax options.
+    var xhr = options.xhr = Backbone.ajax(_.extend(params, options));
+    model.trigger('request', model, xhr, options);
+    return xhr;
+  };
+
+  var noXhrPatch =
+    typeof window !== 'undefined' && !!window.ActiveXObject &&
+      !(window.XMLHttpRequest && (new XMLHttpRequest).dispatchEvent);
+
+  // Map from CRUD to HTTP for our default `Backbone.sync` implementation.
+  var methodMap = {
+    'create': 'POST',
+    'update': 'PUT',
+    'patch':  'PATCH',
+    'delete': 'DELETE',
+    'read':   'GET'
+  };
+
+  // Set the default implementation of `Backbone.ajax` to proxy through to `$`.
+  // Override this if you'd like to use a different library.
+  Backbone.ajax = function() {
+    return Backbone.$.ajax.apply(Backbone.$, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Backbone.Router
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Routers map faux-URLs to actions, and fire events when routes are
+  // matched. Creating a new one sets its `routes` hash, if not set statically.
+  var Router = Backbone.Router = function(options) {
+    options || (options = {});
+    if (options.routes) this.routes = options.routes;
+    this._bindRoutes();
+    this.initialize.apply(this, arguments);
+  };
+
+  // Cached regular expressions for matching named param parts and splatted
+  // parts of route strings.
+  var optionalParam = /\((.*?)\)/g;
+  var namedParam    = /(\(\?)?:\w+/g;
+  var splatParam    = /\*\w+/g;
+  var escapeRegExp  = /[\-{}\[\]+?.,\\\^$|#\s]/g;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.Router** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(Router.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // Initialize is an empty function by default. Override it with your own
+    // initialization logic.
+    initialize: function(){},
+
+    // Manually bind a single named route to a callback. For example:
+    //
+    //     this.route('search/:query/p:num', 'search', function(query, num) {
+    //       ...
+    //     });
+    //
+    route: function(route, name, callback) {
+      if (!_.isRegExp(route)) route = this._routeToRegExp(route);
+      if (_.isFunction(name)) {
+        callback = name;
+        name = '';
+      }
+      if (!callback) callback = this[name];
+      var router = this;
+      Backbone.history.route(route, function(fragment) {
+        var args = router._extractParameters(route, fragment);
+        router.execute(callback, args);
+        router.trigger.apply(router, ['route:' + name].concat(args));
+        router.trigger('route', name, args);
+        Backbone.history.trigger('route', router, name, args);
+      });
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Execute a route handler with the provided parameters.  This is an
+    // excellent place to do pre-route setup or post-route cleanup.
+    execute: function(callback, args) {
+      if (callback) callback.apply(this, args);
+    },
+
+    // Simple proxy to `Backbone.history` to save a fragment into the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      Backbone.history.navigate(fragment, options);
+      return this;
+    },
+
+    // Bind all defined routes to `Backbone.history`. We have to reverse the
+    // order of the routes here to support behavior where the most general
+    // routes can be defined at the bottom of the route map.
+    _bindRoutes: function() {
+      if (!this.routes) return;
+      this.routes = _.result(this, 'routes');
+      var route, routes = _.keys(this.routes);
+      while ((route = routes.pop()) != null) {
+        this.route(route, this.routes[route]);
+      }
+    },
+
+    // Convert a route string into a regular expression, suitable for matching
+    // against the current location hash.
+    _routeToRegExp: function(route) {
+      route = route.replace(escapeRegExp, '\\$&')
+                   .replace(optionalParam, '(?:$1)?')
+                   .replace(namedParam, function(match, optional) {
+                     return optional ? match : '([^/?]+)';
+                   })
+                   .replace(splatParam, '([^?]*?)');
+      return new RegExp('^' + route + '(?:\\?([\\s\\S]*))?$');
+    },
+
+    // Given a route, and a URL fragment that it matches, return the array of
+    // extracted decoded parameters. Empty or unmatched parameters will be
+    // treated as `null` to normalize cross-browser behavior.
+    _extractParameters: function(route, fragment) {
+      var params = route.exec(fragment).slice(1);
+      return _.map(params, function(param, i) {
+        // Don't decode the search params.
+        if (i === params.length - 1) return param || null;
+        return param ? decodeURIComponent(param) : null;
+      });
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Backbone.History
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Handles cross-browser history management, based on either
+  // [pushState](http://diveintohtml5.info/history.html) and real URLs, or
+  // [onhashchange](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/window.onhashchange)
+  // and URL fragments. If the browser supports neither (old IE, natch),
+  // falls back to polling.
+  var History = Backbone.History = function() {
+    this.handlers = [];
+    _.bindAll(this, 'checkUrl');
+
+    // Ensure that `History` can be used outside of the browser.
+    if (typeof window !== 'undefined') {
+      this.location = window.location;
+      this.history = window.history;
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping a leading hash/slash and trailing space.
+  var routeStripper = /^[#\/]|\s+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping leading and trailing slashes.
+  var rootStripper = /^\/+|\/+$/g;
+
+  // Cached regex for detecting MSIE.
+  var isExplorer = /msie [\w.]+/;
+
+  // Cached regex for removing a trailing slash.
+  var trailingSlash = /\/$/;
+
+  // Cached regex for stripping urls of hash.
+  var pathStripper = /#.*$/;
+
+  // Has the history handling already been started?
+  History.started = false;
+
+  // Set up all inheritable **Backbone.History** properties and methods.
+  _.extend(History.prototype, Events, {
+
+    // The default interval to poll for hash changes, if necessary, is
+    // twenty times a second.
+    interval: 50,
+
+    // Are we at the app root?
+    atRoot: function() {
+      return this.location.pathname.replace(/[^\/]$/, '$&/') === this.root;
+    },
+
+    // Gets the true hash value. Cannot use location.hash directly due to bug
+    // in Firefox where location.hash will always be decoded.
+    getHash: function(window) {
+      var match = (window || this).location.href.match(/#(.*)$/);
+      return match ? match[1] : '';
+    },
+
+    // Get the cross-browser normalized URL fragment, either from the URL,
+    // the hash, or the override.
+    getFragment: function(fragment, forcePushState) {
+      if (fragment == null) {
+        if (this._hasPushState || !this._wantsHashChange || forcePushState) {
+          fragment = decodeURI(this.location.pathname + this.location.search);
+          var root = this.root.replace(trailingSlash, '');
+          if (!fragment.indexOf(root)) fragment = fragment.slice(root.length);
+        } else {
+          fragment = this.getHash();
+        }
+      }
+      return fragment.replace(routeStripper, '');
+    },
+
+    // Start the hash change handling, returning `true` if the current URL matches
+    // an existing route, and `false` otherwise.
+    start: function(options) {
+      if (History.started) throw new Error("Backbone.history has already been started");
+      History.started = true;
+
+      // Figure out the initial configuration. Do we need an iframe?
+      // Is pushState desired ... is it available?
+      this.options          = _.extend({root: '/'}, this.options, options);
+      this.root             = this.options.root;
+      this._wantsHashChange = this.options.hashChange !== false;
+      this._wantsPushState  = !!this.options.pushState;
+      this._hasPushState    = !!(this.options.pushState && this.history && this.history.pushState);
+      var fragment          = this.getFragment();
+      var docMode           = document.documentMode;
+      var oldIE             = (isExplorer.exec(navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase()) && (!docMode || docMode <= 7));
+
+      // Normalize root to always include a leading and trailing slash.
+      this.root = ('/' + this.root + '/').replace(rootStripper, '/');
+
+      if (oldIE && this._wantsHashChange) {
+        var frame = Backbone.$('<iframe src="javascript:0" tabindex="-1">');
+        this.iframe = frame.hide().appendTo('body')[0].contentWindow;
+        this.navigate(fragment);
+      }
+
+      // Depending on whether we're using pushState or hashes, and whether
+      // 'onhashchange' is supported, determine how we check the URL state.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('popstate', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange && ('onhashchange' in window) && !oldIE) {
+        Backbone.$(window).on('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._checkUrlInterval = setInterval(this.checkUrl, this.interval);
+      }
+
+      // Determine if we need to change the base url, for a pushState link
+      // opened by a non-pushState browser.
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+      var loc = this.location;
+
+      // Transition from hashChange to pushState or vice versa if both are
+      // requested.
+      if (this._wantsHashChange && this._wantsPushState) {
+
+        // If we've started off with a route from a `pushState`-enabled
+        // browser, but we're currently in a browser that doesn't support it...
+        if (!this._hasPushState && !this.atRoot()) {
+          this.fragment = this.getFragment(null, true);
+          this.location.replace(this.root + '#' + this.fragment);
+          // Return immediately as browser will do redirect to new url
+          return true;
+
+        // Or if we've started out with a hash-based route, but we're currently
+        // in a browser where it could be `pushState`-based instead...
+        } else if (this._hasPushState && this.atRoot() && loc.hash) {
+          this.fragment = this.getHash().replace(routeStripper, '');
+          this.history.replaceState({}, document.title, this.root + this.fragment);
+        }
+
+      }
+
+      if (!this.options.silent) return this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Disable Backbone.history, perhaps temporarily. Not useful in a real app,
+    // but possibly useful for unit testing Routers.
+    stop: function() {
+      Backbone.$(window).off('popstate', this.checkUrl).off('hashchange', this.checkUrl);
+      if (this._checkUrlInterval) clearInterval(this._checkUrlInterval);
+      History.started = false;
+    },
+
+    // Add a route to be tested when the fragment changes. Routes added later
+    // may override previous routes.
+    route: function(route, callback) {
+      this.handlers.unshift({route: route, callback: callback});
+    },
+
+    // Checks the current URL to see if it has changed, and if it has,
+    // calls `loadUrl`, normalizing across the hidden iframe.
+    checkUrl: function(e) {
+      var current = this.getFragment();
+      if (current === this.fragment && this.iframe) {
+        current = this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe));
+      }
+      if (current === this.fragment) return false;
+      if (this.iframe) this.navigate(current);
+      this.loadUrl();
+    },
+
+    // Attempt to load the current URL fragment. If a route succeeds with a
+    // match, returns `true`. If no defined routes matches the fragment,
+    // returns `false`.
+    loadUrl: function(fragment) {
+      fragment = this.fragment = this.getFragment(fragment);
+      return _.any(this.handlers, function(handler) {
+        if (handler.route.test(fragment)) {
+          handler.callback(fragment);
+          return true;
+        }
+      });
+    },
+
+    // Save a fragment into the hash history, or replace the URL state if the
+    // 'replace' option is passed. You are responsible for properly URL-encoding
+    // the fragment in advance.
+    //
+    // The options object can contain `trigger: true` if you wish to have the
+    // route callback be fired (not usually desirable), or `replace: true`, if
+    // you wish to modify the current URL without adding an entry to the history.
+    navigate: function(fragment, options) {
+      if (!History.started) return false;
+      if (!options || options === true) options = {trigger: !!options};
+
+      var url = this.root + (fragment = this.getFragment(fragment || ''));
+
+      // Strip the hash for matching.
+      fragment = fragment.replace(pathStripper, '');
+
+      if (this.fragment === fragment) return;
+      this.fragment = fragment;
+
+      // Don't include a trailing slash on the root.
+      if (fragment === '' && url !== '/') url = url.slice(0, -1);
+
+      // If pushState is available, we use it to set the fragment as a real URL.
+      if (this._hasPushState) {
+        this.history[options.replace ? 'replaceState' : 'pushState']({}, document.title, url);
+
+      // If hash changes haven't been explicitly disabled, update the hash
+      // fragment to store history.
+      } else if (this._wantsHashChange) {
+        this._updateHash(this.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        if (this.iframe && (fragment !== this.getFragment(this.getHash(this.iframe)))) {
+          // Opening and closing the iframe tricks IE7 and earlier to push a
+          // history entry on hash-tag change.  When replace is true, we don't
+          // want this.
+          if(!options.replace) this.iframe.document.open().close();
+          this._updateHash(this.iframe.location, fragment, options.replace);
+        }
+
+      // If you've told us that you explicitly don't want fallback hashchange-
+      // based history, then `navigate` becomes a page refresh.
+      } else {
+        return this.location.assign(url);
+      }
+      if (options.trigger) return this.loadUrl(fragment);
+    },
+
+    // Update the hash location, either replacing the current entry, or adding
+    // a new one to the browser history.
+    _updateHash: function(location, fragment, replace) {
+      if (replace) {
+        var href = location.href.replace(/(javascript:|#).*$/, '');
+        location.replace(href + '#' + fragment);
+      } else {
+        // Some browsers require that `hash` contains a leading #.
+        location.hash = '#' + fragment;
+      }
+    }
+
+  });
+
+  // Create the default Backbone.history.
+  Backbone.history = new History;
+
+  // Helpers
+  // -------
+
+  // Helper function to correctly set up the prototype chain, for subclasses.
+  // Similar to `goog.inherits`, but uses a hash of prototype properties and
+  // class properties to be extended.
+  var extend = function(protoProps, staticProps) {
+    var parent = this;
+    var child;
+
+    // The constructor function for the new subclass is either defined by you
+    // (the "constructor" property in your `extend` definition), or defaulted
+    // by us to simply call the parent's constructor.
+    if (protoProps && _.has(protoProps, 'constructor')) {
+      child = protoProps.constructor;
+    } else {
+      child = function(){ return parent.apply(this, arguments); };
+    }
+
+    // Add static properties to the constructor function, if supplied.
+    _.extend(child, parent, staticProps);
+
+    // Set the prototype chain to inherit from `parent`, without calling
+    // `parent`'s constructor function.
+    var Surrogate = function(){ this.constructor = child; };
+    Surrogate.prototype = parent.prototype;
+    child.prototype = new Surrogate;
+
+    // Add prototype properties (instance properties) to the subclass,
+    // if supplied.
+    if (protoProps) _.extend(child.prototype, protoProps);
+
+    // Set a convenience property in case the parent's prototype is needed
+    // later.
+    child.__super__ = parent.prototype;
+
+    return child;
+  };
+
+  // Set up inheritance for the model, collection, router, view and history.
+  Model.extend = Collection.extend = Router.extend = View.extend = History.extend = extend;
+
+  // Throw an error when a URL is needed, and none is supplied.
+  var urlError = function() {
+    throw new Error('A "url" property or function must be specified');
+  };
+
+  // Wrap an optional error callback with a fallback error event.
+  var wrapError = function(model, options) {
+    var error = options.error;
+    options.error = function(resp) {
+      if (error) error(model, resp, options);
+      model.trigger('error', model, resp, options);
+    };
+  };
+
+  return Backbone;
+
+}));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..11f1d96f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore-min.js
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.7.0
+//     http://underscorejs.org
+//     (c) 2009-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+(function(){var n=this,t=n._,r=Array.prototype,e=Object.prototype,u=Function.prototype,i=r.push,a=r.slice,o=r.concat,l=e.toString,c=e.hasOwnProperty,f=Array.isArray,s=Object.keys,p=u.bind,h=function(n){return n instanceof h?n:this instanceof h?void(this._wrapped=n):new h(n)};"undefined"!=typeof exports?("undefined"!=typeof module&&module.exports&&(exports=module.exports=h),exports._=h):n._=h,h.VERSION="1.7.0";var g=function(n,t,r){if(t===void 0)return n;switch(null==r?3:r){case 1:return function(r){return n.call(t,r)};case 2:return function(r,e){return n.call(t,r,e)};case 3:return function(r,e,u){return n.call(t,r,e,u)};case 4:return function(r,e,u,i){return n.call(t,r,e,u,i)}}return function(){return n.apply(t,arguments)}};h.iteratee=function(n,t,r){return null==n?h.identity:h.isFunction(n)?g(n,t,r):h.isObject(n)?h.matches(n):h.property(n)},h.each=h.forEach=function(n,t,r){if(null==n)return n;t=g(t,r);var e,u=n.length;if(u===+u)for(e=0;u>e;e++)t(n[e],e,n);else{var 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l.source="function("+c+"){\n"+i+"}",l},h.chain=function(n){var t=h(n);return t._chain=!0,t};var E=function(n){return this._chain?h(n).chain():n};h.mixin=function(n){h.each(h.functions(n),function(t){var r=h[t]=n[t];h.prototype[t]=function(){var n=[this._wrapped];return i.apply(n,arguments),E.call(this,r.apply(h,n))}})},h.mixin(h),h.each(["pop","push","reverse","shift","sort","splice","unshift"],function(n){var t=r[n];h.prototype[n]=function(){var r=this._wrapped;return t.apply(r,arguments),"shift"!==n&&"splice"!==n||0!==r.length||delete r[0],E.call(this,r)}}),h.each(["concat","join","slice"],function(n){var t=r[n];h.prototype[n]=function(){return E.call(this,t.apply(this._wrapped,arguments))}}),h.prototype.value=function(){return this._wrapped},"function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&define("underscore",[],function(){return h})}).call(this);
+//# sourceMappingURL=underscore-min.map
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..afd92e5bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/backbone/underscore.js
@@ -0,0 +1,1416 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.7.0
+//     http://underscorejs.org
+//     (c) 2009-2014 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
+//     Underscore may be freely distributed under the MIT license.
+
+(function() {
+
+  // Baseline setup
+  // --------------
+
+  // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `exports` on the server.
+  var root = this;
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
+  var previousUnderscore = root._;
+
+  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
+  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;
+
+  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+  var
+    push             = ArrayProto.push,
+    slice            = ArrayProto.slice,
+    concat           = ArrayProto.concat,
+    toString         = ObjProto.toString,
+    hasOwnProperty   = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
+  // are declared here.
+  var
+    nativeIsArray      = Array.isArray,
+    nativeKeys         = Object.keys,
+    nativeBind         = FuncProto.bind;
+
+  // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
+  var _ = function(obj) {
+    if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
+    if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
+    this._wrapped = obj;
+  };
+
+  // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
+  // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in
+  // the browser, add `_` as a global object.
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+      exports = module.exports = _;
+    }
+    exports._ = _;
+  } else {
+    root._ = _;
+  }
+
+  // Current version.
+  _.VERSION = '1.7.0';
+
+  // Internal function that returns an efficient (for current engines) version
+  // of the passed-in callback, to be repeatedly applied in other Underscore
+  // functions.
+  var createCallback = function(func, context, argCount) {
+    if (context === void 0) return func;
+    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
+      case 1: return function(value) {
+        return func.call(context, value);
+      };
+      case 2: return function(value, other) {
+        return func.call(context, value, other);
+      };
+      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
+      };
+      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
+        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
+      };
+    }
+    return function() {
+      return func.apply(context, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // A mostly-internal function to generate callbacks that can be applied
+  // to each element in a collection, returning the desired result — either
+  // identity, an arbitrary callback, a property matcher, or a property accessor.
+  _.iteratee = function(value, context, argCount) {
+    if (value == null) return _.identity;
+    if (_.isFunction(value)) return createCallback(value, context, argCount);
+    if (_.isObject(value)) return _.matches(value);
+    return _.property(value);
+  };
+
+  // Collection Functions
+  // --------------------
+
+  // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
+  // Handles raw objects in addition to array-likes. Treats all
+  // sparse array-likes as if they were dense.
+  _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return obj;
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context);
+    var i, length = obj.length;
+    if (length === +length) {
+      for (i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[i], i, obj);
+      }
+    } else {
+      var keys = _.keys(obj);
+      for (i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        iteratee(obj[keys[i]], keys[i], obj);
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Return the results of applying the iteratee to each element.
+  _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return [];
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        results = Array(length),
+        currentKey;
+    for (var index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      results[index] = iteratee(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  var reduceError = 'Reduce of empty array with no initial value';
+
+  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
+  // or `foldl`.
+  _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 4);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index = 0, currentKey;
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      if (!length) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+      memo = obj[keys ? keys[index++] : index++];
+    }
+    for (; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
+  _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function(obj, iteratee, memo, context) {
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 4);
+    var keys = obj.length !== + obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        index = (keys || obj).length,
+        currentKey;
+    if (arguments.length < 3) {
+      if (!index) throw new TypeError(reduceError);
+      memo = obj[keys ? keys[--index] : --index];
+    }
+    while (index--) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      memo = iteratee(memo, obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj);
+    }
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
+  _.find = _.detect = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var result;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    _.some(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) {
+        result = value;
+        return true;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `select`.
+  _.filter = _.select = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    if (obj == null) return results;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (predicate(value, index, list)) results.push(value);
+    });
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+  _.reject = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    return _.filter(obj, _.negate(_.iteratee(predicate)), context);
+  };
+
+  // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `all`.
+  _.every = _.all = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index, currentKey;
+    for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      if (!predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
+  // Aliased as `any`.
+  _.some = _.any = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var keys = obj.length !== +obj.length && _.keys(obj),
+        length = (keys || obj).length,
+        index, currentKey;
+    for (index = 0; index < length; index++) {
+      currentKey = keys ? keys[index] : index;
+      if (predicate(obj[currentKey], currentKey, obj)) return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if the array or object contains a given value (using `===`).
+  // Aliased as `include`.
+  _.contains = _.include = function(obj, target) {
+    if (obj == null) return false;
+    if (obj.length !== +obj.length) obj = _.values(obj);
+    return _.indexOf(obj, target) >= 0;
+  };
+
+  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
+  _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    var isFunc = _.isFunction(method);
+    return _.map(obj, function(value) {
+      return (isFunc ? method : value[method]).apply(value, args);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
+  _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
+    return _.map(obj, _.property(key));
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `filter`: selecting only objects
+  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  _.where = function(obj, attrs) {
+    return _.filter(obj, _.matches(attrs));
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `find`: getting the first object
+  // containing specific `key:value` pairs.
+  _.findWhere = function(obj, attrs) {
+    return _.find(obj, _.matches(attrs));
+  };
+
+  // Return the maximum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.max = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = -Infinity, lastComputed = -Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null && obj != null) {
+      obj = obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value > result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(value, index, list);
+        if (computed > lastComputed || computed === -Infinity && result === -Infinity) {
+          result = value;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.min = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = Infinity, lastComputed = Infinity,
+        value, computed;
+    if (iteratee == null && obj != null) {
+      obj = obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = obj.length; i < length; i++) {
+        value = obj[i];
+        if (value < result) {
+          result = value;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+        computed = iteratee(value, index, list);
+        if (computed < lastComputed || computed === Infinity && result === Infinity) {
+          result = value;
+          lastComputed = computed;
+        }
+      });
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Shuffle a collection, using the modern version of the
+  // [Fisher-Yates shuffle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher–Yates_shuffle).
+  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
+    var set = obj && obj.length === +obj.length ? obj : _.values(obj);
+    var length = set.length;
+    var shuffled = Array(length);
+    for (var index = 0, rand; index < length; index++) {
+      rand = _.random(0, index);
+      if (rand !== index) shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand];
+      shuffled[rand] = set[index];
+    }
+    return shuffled;
+  };
+
+  // Sample **n** random values from a collection.
+  // If **n** is not specified, returns a single random element.
+  // The internal `guard` argument allows it to work with `map`.
+  _.sample = function(obj, n, guard) {
+    if (n == null || guard) {
+      if (obj.length !== +obj.length) obj = _.values(obj);
+      return obj[_.random(obj.length - 1)];
+    }
+    return _.shuffle(obj).slice(0, Math.max(0, n));
+  };
+
+  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iteratee.
+  _.sortBy = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      return {
+        value: value,
+        index: index,
+        criteria: iteratee(value, index, list)
+      };
+    }).sort(function(left, right) {
+      var a = left.criteria;
+      var b = right.criteria;
+      if (a !== b) {
+        if (a > b || a === void 0) return 1;
+        if (a < b || b === void 0) return -1;
+      }
+      return left.index - right.index;
+    }), 'value');
+  };
+
+  // An internal function used for aggregate "group by" operations.
+  var group = function(behavior) {
+    return function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+      var result = {};
+      iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+      _.each(obj, function(value, index) {
+        var key = iteratee(value, index, obj);
+        behavior(result, value, key);
+      });
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+  _.groupBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (_.has(result, key)) result[key].push(value); else result[key] = [value];
+  });
+
+  // Indexes the object's values by a criterion, similar to `groupBy`, but for
+  // when you know that your index values will be unique.
+  _.indexBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    result[key] = value;
+  });
+
+  // Counts instances of an object that group by a certain criterion. Pass
+  // either a string attribute to count by, or a function that returns the
+  // criterion.
+  _.countBy = group(function(result, value, key) {
+    if (_.has(result, key)) result[key]++; else result[key] = 1;
+  });
+
+  // Use a comparator function to figure out the smallest index at which
+  // an object should be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+  _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iteratee, context) {
+    iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context, 1);
+    var value = iteratee(obj);
+    var low = 0, high = array.length;
+    while (low < high) {
+      var mid = low + high >>> 1;
+      if (iteratee(array[mid]) < value) low = mid + 1; else high = mid;
+    }
+    return low;
+  };
+
+  // Safely create a real, live array from anything iterable.
+  _.toArray = function(obj) {
+    if (!obj) return [];
+    if (_.isArray(obj)) return slice.call(obj);
+    if (obj.length === +obj.length) return _.map(obj, _.identity);
+    return _.values(obj);
+  };
+
+  // Return the number of elements in an object.
+  _.size = function(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return 0;
+    return obj.length === +obj.length ? obj.length : _.keys(obj).length;
+  };
+
+  // Split a collection into two arrays: one whose elements all satisfy the given
+  // predicate, and one whose elements all do not satisfy the predicate.
+  _.partition = function(obj, predicate, context) {
+    predicate = _.iteratee(predicate, context);
+    var pass = [], fail = [];
+    _.each(obj, function(value, key, obj) {
+      (predicate(value, key, obj) ? pass : fail).push(value);
+    });
+    return [pass, fail];
+  };
+
+  // Array Functions
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
+  // values in the array. Aliased as `head` and `take`. The **guard** check
+  // allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.first = _.head = _.take = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null) return void 0;
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[0];
+    if (n < 0) return [];
+    return slice.call(array, 0, n);
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especially useful on
+  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+  // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
+  // `_.map`.
+  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, 0, Math.max(0, array.length - (n == null || guard ? 1 : n)));
+  };
+
+  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if (array == null) return void 0;
+    if (n == null || guard) return array[array.length - 1];
+    return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0));
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail` and `drop`.
+  // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **n** will return
+  // the rest N values in the array. The **guard**
+  // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.rest = _.tail = _.drop = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, n == null || guard ? 1 : n);
+  };
+
+  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+  _.compact = function(array) {
+    return _.filter(array, _.identity);
+  };
+
+  // Internal implementation of a recursive `flatten` function.
+  var flatten = function(input, shallow, strict, output) {
+    if (shallow && _.every(input, _.isArray)) {
+      return concat.apply(output, input);
+    }
+    for (var i = 0, length = input.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var value = input[i];
+      if (!_.isArray(value) && !_.isArguments(value)) {
+        if (!strict) output.push(value);
+      } else if (shallow) {
+        push.apply(output, value);
+      } else {
+        flatten(value, shallow, strict, output);
+      }
+    }
+    return output;
+  };
+
+  // Flatten out an array, either recursively (by default), or just one level.
+  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
+    return flatten(array, shallow, false, []);
+  };
+
+  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+  _.without = function(array) {
+    return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  };
+
+  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+  // Aliased as `unique`.
+  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iteratee, context) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    if (!_.isBoolean(isSorted)) {
+      context = iteratee;
+      iteratee = isSorted;
+      isSorted = false;
+    }
+    if (iteratee != null) iteratee = _.iteratee(iteratee, context);
+    var result = [];
+    var seen = [];
+    for (var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var value = array[i];
+      if (isSorted) {
+        if (!i || seen !== value) result.push(value);
+        seen = value;
+      } else if (iteratee) {
+        var computed = iteratee(value, i, array);
+        if (_.indexOf(seen, computed) < 0) {
+          seen.push(computed);
+          result.push(value);
+        }
+      } else if (_.indexOf(result, value) < 0) {
+        result.push(value);
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
+  // the passed-in arrays.
+  _.union = function() {
+    return _.uniq(flatten(arguments, true, true, []));
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+  // passed-in arrays.
+  _.intersection = function(array) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    var result = [];
+    var argsLength = arguments.length;
+    for (var i = 0, length = array.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var item = array[i];
+      if (_.contains(result, item)) continue;
+      for (var j = 1; j < argsLength; j++) {
+        if (!_.contains(arguments[j], item)) break;
+      }
+      if (j === argsLength) result.push(item);
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
+  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
+  _.difference = function(array) {
+    var rest = flatten(slice.call(arguments, 1), true, true, []);
+    return _.filter(array, function(value){
+      return !_.contains(rest, value);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+  // an index go together.
+  _.zip = function(array) {
+    if (array == null) return [];
+    var length = _.max(arguments, 'length').length;
+    var results = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      results[i] = _.pluck(arguments, i);
+    }
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Converts lists into objects. Pass either a single array of `[key, value]`
+  // pairs, or two parallel arrays of the same length -- one of keys, and one of
+  // the corresponding values.
+  _.object = function(list, values) {
+    if (list == null) return {};
+    var result = {};
+    for (var i = 0, length = list.length; i < length; i++) {
+      if (values) {
+        result[list[i]] = values[i];
+      } else {
+        result[list[i][0]] = list[i][1];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return the position of the first occurrence of an item in an array,
+  // or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
+  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
+  _.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var i = 0, length = array.length;
+    if (isSorted) {
+      if (typeof isSorted == 'number') {
+        i = isSorted < 0 ? Math.max(0, length + isSorted) : isSorted;
+      } else {
+        i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
+        return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
+      }
+    }
+    for (; i < length; i++) if (array[i] === item) return i;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item, from) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var idx = array.length;
+    if (typeof from == 'number') {
+      idx = from < 0 ? idx + from + 1 : Math.min(idx, from + 1);
+    }
+    while (--idx >= 0) if (array[idx] === item) return idx;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+  // the native Python `range()` function. See
+  // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
+  _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+      stop = start || 0;
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    step = step || 1;
+
+    var length = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
+    var range = Array(length);
+
+    for (var idx = 0; idx < length; idx++, start += step) {
+      range[idx] = start;
+    }
+
+    return range;
+  };
+
+  // Function (ahem) Functions
+  // ------------------
+
+  // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
+  var Ctor = function(){};
+
+  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
+  // optionally). Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if
+  // available.
+  _.bind = function(func, context) {
+    var args, bound;
+    if (nativeBind && func.bind === nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError('Bind must be called on a function');
+    args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    bound = function() {
+      if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      Ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
+      var self = new Ctor;
+      Ctor.prototype = null;
+      var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      if (_.isObject(result)) return result;
+      return self;
+    };
+    return bound;
+  };
+
+  // Partially apply a function by creating a version that has had some of its
+  // arguments pre-filled, without changing its dynamic `this` context. _ acts
+  // as a placeholder, allowing any combination of arguments to be pre-filled.
+  _.partial = function(func) {
+    var boundArgs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return function() {
+      var position = 0;
+      var args = boundArgs.slice();
+      for (var i = 0, length = args.length; i < length; i++) {
+        if (args[i] === _) args[i] = arguments[position++];
+      }
+      while (position < arguments.length) args.push(arguments[position++]);
+      return func.apply(this, args);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Bind a number of an object's methods to that object. Remaining arguments
+  // are the method names to be bound. Useful for ensuring that all callbacks
+  // defined on an object belong to it.
+  _.bindAll = function(obj) {
+    var i, length = arguments.length, key;
+    if (length <= 1) throw new Error('bindAll must be passed function names');
+    for (i = 1; i < length; i++) {
+      key = arguments[i];
+      obj[key] = _.bind(obj[key], obj);
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
+  _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
+    var memoize = function(key) {
+      var cache = memoize.cache;
+      var address = hasher ? hasher.apply(this, arguments) : key;
+      if (!_.has(cache, address)) cache[address] = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      return cache[address];
+    };
+    memoize.cache = {};
+    return memoize;
+  };
+
+  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+  // it with the arguments supplied.
+  _.delay = function(func, wait) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return setTimeout(function(){
+      return func.apply(null, args);
+    }, wait);
+  };
+
+  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+  // cleared.
+  _.defer = function(func) {
+    return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+  // during a given window of time. Normally, the throttled function will run
+  // as much as it can, without ever going more than once per `wait` duration;
+  // but if you'd like to disable the execution on the leading edge, pass
+  // `{leading: false}`. To disable execution on the trailing edge, ditto.
+  _.throttle = function(func, wait, options) {
+    var context, args, result;
+    var timeout = null;
+    var previous = 0;
+    if (!options) options = {};
+    var later = function() {
+      previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : _.now();
+      timeout = null;
+      result = func.apply(context, args);
+      if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+    };
+    return function() {
+      var now = _.now();
+      if (!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now;
+      var remaining = wait - (now - previous);
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      if (remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait) {
+        clearTimeout(timeout);
+        timeout = null;
+        previous = now;
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+      } else if (!timeout && options.trailing !== false) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining);
+      }
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
+  // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
+  // N milliseconds. If `immediate` is passed, trigger the function on the
+  // leading edge, instead of the trailing.
+  _.debounce = function(func, wait, immediate) {
+    var timeout, args, context, timestamp, result;
+
+    var later = function() {
+      var last = _.now() - timestamp;
+
+      if (last < wait && last > 0) {
+        timeout = setTimeout(later, wait - last);
+      } else {
+        timeout = null;
+        if (!immediate) {
+          result = func.apply(context, args);
+          if (!timeout) context = args = null;
+        }
+      }
+    };
+
+    return function() {
+      context = this;
+      args = arguments;
+      timestamp = _.now();
+      var callNow = immediate && !timeout;
+      if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+      if (callNow) {
+        result = func.apply(context, args);
+        context = args = null;
+      }
+
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+  // conditionally execute the original function.
+  _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
+    return _.partial(wrapper, func);
+  };
+
+  // Returns a negated version of the passed-in predicate.
+  _.negate = function(predicate) {
+    return function() {
+      return !predicate.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+  _.compose = function() {
+    var args = arguments;
+    var start = args.length - 1;
+    return function() {
+      var i = start;
+      var result = args[start].apply(this, arguments);
+      while (i--) result = args[i].call(this, result);
+      return result;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
+  _.after = function(times, func) {
+    return function() {
+      if (--times < 1) {
+        return func.apply(this, arguments);
+      }
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed before being called N times.
+  _.before = function(times, func) {
+    var memo;
+    return function() {
+      if (--times > 0) {
+        memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
+      } else {
+        func = null;
+      }
+      return memo;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
+  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
+  _.once = _.partial(_.before, 2);
+
+  // Object Functions
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
+  _.keys = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return [];
+    if (nativeKeys) return nativeKeys(obj);
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys.push(key);
+    return keys;
+  };
+
+  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+  _.values = function(obj) {
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    var length = keys.length;
+    var values = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      values[i] = obj[keys[i]];
+    }
+    return values;
+  };
+
+  // Convert an object into a list of `[key, value]` pairs.
+  _.pairs = function(obj) {
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    var length = keys.length;
+    var pairs = Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+      pairs[i] = [keys[i], obj[keys[i]]];
+    }
+    return pairs;
+  };
+
+  // Invert the keys and values of an object. The values must be serializable.
+  _.invert = function(obj) {
+    var result = {};
+    var keys = _.keys(obj);
+    for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+      result[obj[keys[i]]] = keys[i];
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
+  // Aliased as `methods`
+  _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
+    var names = [];
+    for (var key in obj) {
+      if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
+    }
+    return names.sort();
+  };
+
+  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
+  _.extend = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    var source, prop;
+    for (var i = 1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+      source = arguments[i];
+      for (prop in source) {
+        if (hasOwnProperty.call(source, prop)) {
+            obj[prop] = source[prop];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Return a copy of the object only containing the whitelisted properties.
+  _.pick = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    var result = {}, key;
+    if (obj == null) return result;
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context);
+      for (key in obj) {
+        var value = obj[key];
+        if (iteratee(value, key, obj)) result[key] = value;
+      }
+    } else {
+      var keys = concat.apply([], slice.call(arguments, 1));
+      obj = new Object(obj);
+      for (var i = 0, length = keys.length; i < length; i++) {
+        key = keys[i];
+        if (key in obj) result[key] = obj[key];
+      }
+    }
+    return result;
+  };
+
+   // Return a copy of the object without the blacklisted properties.
+  _.omit = function(obj, iteratee, context) {
+    if (_.isFunction(iteratee)) {
+      iteratee = _.negate(iteratee);
+    } else {
+      var keys = _.map(concat.apply([], slice.call(arguments, 1)), String);
+      iteratee = function(value, key) {
+        return !_.contains(keys, key);
+      };
+    }
+    return _.pick(obj, iteratee, context);
+  };
+
+  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
+  _.defaults = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    for (var i = 1, length = arguments.length; i < length; i++) {
+      var source = arguments[i];
+      for (var prop in source) {
+        if (obj[prop] === void 0) obj[prop] = source[prop];
+      }
+    }
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+  _.clone = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
+  };
+
+  // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
+  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
+  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+  _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
+    interceptor(obj);
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Internal recursive comparison function for `isEqual`.
+  var eq = function(a, b, aStack, bStack) {
+    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+    // See the [Harmony `egal` proposal](http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal).
+    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a === 1 / b;
+    // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
+    if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
+    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
+    if (a instanceof _) a = a._wrapped;
+    if (b instanceof _) b = b._wrapped;
+    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
+    var className = toString.call(a);
+    if (className !== toString.call(b)) return false;
+    switch (className) {
+      // Strings, numbers, regular expressions, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
+      case '[object RegExp]':
+      // RegExps are coerced to strings for comparison (Note: '' + /a/i === '/a/i')
+      case '[object String]':
+        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
+        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
+        return '' + a === '' + b;
+      case '[object Number]':
+        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive.
+        // Object(NaN) is equivalent to NaN
+        if (+a !== +a) return +b !== +b;
+        // An `egal` comparison is performed for other numeric values.
+        return +a === 0 ? 1 / +a === 1 / b : +a === +b;
+      case '[object Date]':
+      case '[object Boolean]':
+        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
+        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
+        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
+        return +a === +b;
+    }
+    if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
+    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+    var length = aStack.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+      // unique nested structures.
+      if (aStack[length] === a) return bStack[length] === b;
+    }
+    // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent, but `Object`s
+    // from different frames are.
+    var aCtor = a.constructor, bCtor = b.constructor;
+    if (
+      aCtor !== bCtor &&
+      // Handle Object.create(x) cases
+      'constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b &&
+      !(_.isFunction(aCtor) && aCtor instanceof aCtor &&
+        _.isFunction(bCtor) && bCtor instanceof bCtor)
+    ) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.push(a);
+    bStack.push(b);
+    var size, result;
+    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
+    if (className === '[object Array]') {
+      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
+      size = a.length;
+      result = size === b.length;
+      if (result) {
+        // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
+        while (size--) {
+          if (!(result = eq(a[size], b[size], aStack, bStack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Deep compare objects.
+      var keys = _.keys(a), key;
+      size = keys.length;
+      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties before comparing deep equality.
+      result = _.keys(b).length === size;
+      if (result) {
+        while (size--) {
+          // Deep compare each member
+          key = keys[size];
+          if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], aStack, bStack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+    aStack.pop();
+    bStack.pop();
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
+    return eq(a, b, [], []);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
+  _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
+    if (obj == null) return true;
+    if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj) || _.isArguments(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a DOM element?
+  _.isElement = function(obj) {
+    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType === 1);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value an array?
+  // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
+  _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) === '[object Array]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable an object?
+  _.isObject = function(obj) {
+    var type = typeof obj;
+    return type === 'function' || type === 'object' && !!obj;
+  };
+
+  // Add some isType methods: isArguments, isFunction, isString, isNumber, isDate, isRegExp.
+  _.each(['Arguments', 'Function', 'String', 'Number', 'Date', 'RegExp'], function(name) {
+    _['is' + name] = function(obj) {
+      return toString.call(obj) === '[object ' + name + ']';
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Define a fallback version of the method in browsers (ahem, IE), where
+  // there isn't any inspectable "Arguments" type.
+  if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
+    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+      return _.has(obj, 'callee');
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Optimize `isFunction` if appropriate. Work around an IE 11 bug.
+  if (typeof /./ !== 'function') {
+    _.isFunction = function(obj) {
+      return typeof obj == 'function' || false;
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Is a given object a finite number?
+  _.isFinite = function(obj) {
+    return isFinite(obj) && !isNaN(parseFloat(obj));
+  };
+
+  // Is the given value `NaN`? (NaN is the only number which does not equal itself).
+  _.isNaN = function(obj) {
+    return _.isNumber(obj) && obj !== +obj;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a boolean?
+  _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
+    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) === '[object Boolean]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value equal to null?
+  _.isNull = function(obj) {
+    return obj === null;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable undefined?
+  _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
+    return obj === void 0;
+  };
+
+  // Shortcut function for checking if an object has a given property directly
+  // on itself (in other words, not on a prototype).
+  _.has = function(obj, key) {
+    return obj != null && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
+  };
+
+  // Utility Functions
+  // -----------------
+
+  // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
+  // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
+  _.noConflict = function() {
+    root._ = previousUnderscore;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Keep the identity function around for default iteratees.
+  _.identity = function(value) {
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  // Predicate-generating functions. Often useful outside of Underscore.
+  _.constant = function(value) {
+    return function() {
+      return value;
+    };
+  };
+
+  _.noop = function(){};
+
+  _.property = function(key) {
+    return function(obj) {
+      return obj[key];
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a predicate for checking whether an object has a given set of `key:value` pairs.
+  _.matches = function(attrs) {
+    var pairs = _.pairs(attrs), length = pairs.length;
+    return function(obj) {
+      if (obj == null) return !length;
+      obj = new Object(obj);
+      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+        var pair = pairs[i], key = pair[0];
+        if (pair[1] !== obj[key] || !(key in obj)) return false;
+      }
+      return true;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Run a function **n** times.
+  _.times = function(n, iteratee, context) {
+    var accum = Array(Math.max(0, n));
+    iteratee = createCallback(iteratee, context, 1);
+    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) accum[i] = iteratee(i);
+    return accum;
+  };
+
+  // Return a random integer between min and max (inclusive).
+  _.random = function(min, max) {
+    if (max == null) {
+      max = min;
+      min = 0;
+    }
+    return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
+  };
+
+  // A (possibly faster) way to get the current timestamp as an integer.
+  _.now = Date.now || function() {
+    return new Date().getTime();
+  };
+
+   // List of HTML entities for escaping.
+  var escapeMap = {
+    '&': '&amp;',
+    '<': '&lt;',
+    '>': '&gt;',
+    '"': '&quot;',
+    "'": '&#x27;',
+    '`': '&#x60;'
+  };
+  var unescapeMap = _.invert(escapeMap);
+
+  // Functions for escaping and unescaping strings to/from HTML interpolation.
+  var createEscaper = function(map) {
+    var escaper = function(match) {
+      return map[match];
+    };
+    // Regexes for identifying a key that needs to be escaped
+    var source = '(?:' + _.keys(map).join('|') + ')';
+    var testRegexp = RegExp(source);
+    var replaceRegexp = RegExp(source, 'g');
+    return function(string) {
+      string = string == null ? '' : '' + string;
+      return testRegexp.test(string) ? string.replace(replaceRegexp, escaper) : string;
+    };
+  };
+  _.escape = createEscaper(escapeMap);
+  _.unescape = createEscaper(unescapeMap);
+
+  // If the value of the named `property` is a function then invoke it with the
+  // `object` as context; otherwise, return it.
+  _.result = function(object, property) {
+    if (object == null) return void 0;
+    var value = object[property];
+    return _.isFunction(value) ? object[property]() : value;
+  };
+
+  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+  var idCounter = 0;
+  _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
+    var id = ++idCounter + '';
+    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+  };
+
+  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
+  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
+  _.templateSettings = {
+    evaluate    : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    escape      : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+  };
+
+  // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
+  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
+  // guaranteed not to match.
+  var noMatch = /(.)^/;
+
+  // Certain characters need to be escaped so that they can be put into a
+  // string literal.
+  var escapes = {
+    "'":      "'",
+    '\\':     '\\',
+    '\r':     'r',
+    '\n':     'n',
+    '\u2028': 'u2028',
+    '\u2029': 'u2029'
+  };
+
+  var escaper = /\\|'|\r|\n|\u2028|\u2029/g;
+
+  var escapeChar = function(match) {
+    return '\\' + escapes[match];
+  };
+
+  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
+  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
+  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+  // NB: `oldSettings` only exists for backwards compatibility.
+  _.template = function(text, settings, oldSettings) {
+    if (!settings && oldSettings) settings = oldSettings;
+    settings = _.defaults({}, settings, _.templateSettings);
+
+    // Combine delimiters into one regular expression via alternation.
+    var matcher = RegExp([
+      (settings.escape || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.interpolate || noMatch).source,
+      (settings.evaluate || noMatch).source
+    ].join('|') + '|$', 'g');
+
+    // Compile the template source, escaping string literals appropriately.
+    var index = 0;
+    var source = "__p+='";
+    text.replace(matcher, function(match, escape, interpolate, evaluate, offset) {
+      source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(escaper, escapeChar);
+      index = offset + match.length;
+
+      if (escape) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + escape + "))==null?'':_.escape(__t))+\n'";
+      } else if (interpolate) {
+        source += "'+\n((__t=(" + interpolate + "))==null?'':__t)+\n'";
+      } else if (evaluate) {
+        source += "';\n" + evaluate + "\n__p+='";
+      }
+
+      // Adobe VMs need the match returned to produce the correct offest.
+      return match;
+    });
+    source += "';\n";
+
+    // If a variable is not specified, place data values in local scope.
+    if (!settings.variable) source = 'with(obj||{}){\n' + source + '}\n';
+
+    source = "var __t,__p='',__j=Array.prototype.join," +
+      "print=function(){__p+=__j.call(arguments,'');};\n" +
+      source + 'return __p;\n';
+
+    try {
+      var render = new Function(settings.variable || 'obj', '_', source);
+    } catch (e) {
+      e.source = source;
+      throw e;
+    }
+
+    var template = function(data) {
+      return render.call(this, data, _);
+    };
+
+    // Provide the compiled source as a convenience for precompilation.
+    var argument = settings.variable || 'obj';
+    template.source = 'function(' + argument + '){\n' + source + '}';
+
+    return template;
+  };
+
+  // Add a "chain" function. Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+  _.chain = function(obj) {
+    var instance = _(obj);
+    instance._chain = true;
+    return instance;
+  };
+
+  // OOP
+  // ---------------
+  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
+  // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
+  // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+
+  // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+  var result = function(obj) {
+    return this._chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
+  };
+
+  // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object.
+  _.mixin = function(obj) {
+    _.each(_.functions(obj), function(name) {
+      var func = _[name] = obj[name];
+      _.prototype[name] = function() {
+        var args = [this._wrapped];
+        push.apply(args, arguments);
+        return result.call(this, func.apply(_, args));
+      };
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+  _.mixin(_);
+
+  // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var obj = this._wrapped;
+      method.apply(obj, arguments);
+      if ((name === 'shift' || name === 'splice') && obj.length === 0) delete obj[0];
+      return result.call(this, obj);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+  _.each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    _.prototype[name] = function() {
+      return result.call(this, method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments));
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+  _.prototype.value = function() {
+    return this._wrapped;
+  };
+
+  // AMD registration happens at the end for compatibility with AMD loaders
+  // that may not enforce next-turn semantics on modules. Even though general
+  // practice for AMD registration is to be anonymous, underscore registers
+  // as a named module because, like jQuery, it is a base library that is
+  // popular enough to be bundled in a third party lib, but not be part of
+  // an AMD load request. Those cases could generate an error when an
+  // anonymous define() is called outside of a loader request.
+  if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
+    define('underscore', [], function() {
+      return _;
+    });
+  }
+}.call(this));
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
index 6ad17e019..7e6ca148b 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/LessonController.js
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData',
 	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView'
 	], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,LessonContent) {
+	function($,_,Backbone,LessonContentData,LessonContentView) {
 		'use strict'
 		
 		
@@ -12,14 +12,15 @@ define(['jquery',
 			this.lessonView = options.lessonView;
 			this.lessonContent = new LessonContentData();
 
-			_.extend(this,Backbone.Events);
+			_.extend(Controller.prototype,Backbone.Events);
 			this.start = function() {
 				this.listenTo(this.lessonContent,'contentLoaded',this.onContentLoaded);
+				
 			}
 
 			//load View, which can pull data
 			this.loadLesson = function(scr,menu) {
-				this.lessonContent.loadContent({
+				this.lessonContent.loadData({
 					'screen': encodeURIComponent(scr),
 					'menu': encodeURIComponent(menu),
 				});
@@ -29,8 +30,19 @@ define(['jquery',
 
 			this.onContentLoaded = function() {
 				//this.lessonView  = new LessonContentView({content:LessonContent.content});
-				//this.lessonView.render();
-				console.debug('loading other stuff');
+				this.lessonView.model = this.lessonContent;
+				this.lessonView.render();
+				//load cookies/parameters view
+				
+				//load help view
+
+				//load title
+
+				//plan
+
+				//solution
+
+				//source
 			}
 			
 		};
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
index 02773ebd6..2afff2eb3 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/controller/MenuController.js
@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData','goatApp/view/MenuView'], 
-	function($,_,Backbone,MenuData,MenuView) {
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/MenuView'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuView) {
+		 Controller = function(options){
+			options = options || {};
+			this.menuView = options.menuView;
+		 	this.initMenu = function() {
+		 		console.debug('initing menu');
+		 	}
 
+		 	this.updateMenu = function() {
+		 		
+		 	}
+
+		 };
+
+		 return Controller;
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
index b761ce114..1c8fc2e65 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/goatApp.js
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/goatRouter','goatApp/controller/LessonController','goatApp/controller/MenuController'],
-	function($,_,Backbone,Router,LessonController,MenuController){
+define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/view/GoatRouter'],
+	function($,_,Backbone,Router){
 		'use strict'
 		//var goatRouter = new Router();
-
 		return {
 			initApp: function() {
 				//TODO: add query/ability to load from where they left off 
 				console.log('initApp')
-				//Router.init();
+				var goatRouter = new Router();
+				goatRouter.init();
 			}
-		}
+		};
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
index dee0b67b0..313e4f23d 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/LessonContentData.js
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
-define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+	 function($,_,Backbone){
 
 	return Backbone.Model.extend({
 		urlRoot:null,
@@ -11,12 +14,36 @@ define(['jquery', 'underscore','backbone'], function($,_,Backbone){
 		},
 		loadData: function(options) {
 			this.urlRoot = this.baseUrlRoot + +options.screen + '&menu=' + options.menu;
-			var self = this;
-			this.fetch().then(function(content){
-				alert('content loaded');
-				self.content = content;
-				self.trigger('contentLoaded');
+			var self=this;
+			this.fetch().then(function(data) {
+				self.setContent(data);
 			});
+			// 	success: function(content) {
+			// 		console.log("content:" + content);
+			// 	},
+			// 	error: function(err) {
+			// 		console.log("error:" + err);
+			// 	},
+			// 	done: function(a,b) {
+			// 		console.log(a);
+			// 		console.log(b);
+			// 	}
+			// });
+		},
+		setContent: function(content) {
+			this.set('content',content);
+			this.trigger('contentLoaded');
+		},
+		fetch: function (options) {
+			options = options || {};
+			return Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.call(this, _.extend({ dataType: "html"}, options));
+			// var self=this;
+			// Backbone.Model.prototype.fetch.apply(this, arguments).then(
+			// 	function(content){
+			// 		self.setContent(content);
+			// 	});
+
+			// //override with prototype
 		}
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06b981c63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection.js
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/MenuItemModel'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemModel) {
+
+	return Backbone.Collection.extend({
+		model: MenuItemModel,
+		url:'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+		initialize: function () {
+			var self = this;
+			this.fetch().then(function (data) {
+				this.models = data;
+				self.onDataLoaded();
+			});
+		},
+		onDataLoaded:function() {
+			this.trigger('menuData:loaded');
+		}
+	});
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..849c16290
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/model/MenuItemModel.js
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'],
+	function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+	return Backbone.Model.extend({
+
+	});
+
+});
+
+	// accordionMenu = function(id) {
+ //        if ($('ul#' + id).attr('isOpen') == 0) {
+ //            $scope.expandMe = true;
+ //        } else {
+ //            $('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);u
+ //            return;
+ //        }
+ //        $scope.openMenu = id;
+ //        $('.lessonsAndStages').not('ul#' + id).slideUp(300).attr('isOpen', 0);
+ //        if ($scope.expandMe) {
+ //            $('ul#' + id).slideDown(300).attr('isOpen', 1);
+ //        }
+ //    }
+
+
+		//urlRoot:'service/lessonmenu.mvc',
+	// 	defaults: {
+	// 		items:null,
+	// 		selectedItem:null
+	// 	},
+	// 	initialize: function () {
+	// 		var self = this;
+	// 		this.fetch().then(function(menuItems){
+	// 			menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+	// 			this.setDataItems(menuItems);
+	// 		});
+	// 	},
+	
+	// 	update: function() {
+	// 		var self = this;
+	// 		this.fetch().then(function(menuItems) {
+	// 			menuItems = goatUtils.enhanceMenuData(menuItems,this.selectedItem);
+	// 			self.setDataItems(menuItems);
+	// 		});
+	// 	},
+
+	// 	setDataItems: function (data) {
+	// 		this.items = data;
+	// 	}
+	// });
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3129c1c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/GoatRouter.js
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/controller/LessonController',
+	'goatApp/controller/MenuController',
+	'goatApp/view/LessonContentView',
+	'goatApp/view/MenuView'
+	], function ($,_,Backbone,LessonController,MenuController,LessonContentView,MenuView) {
+
+		var lessonView = new LessonContentView();
+		var menuView = new MenuView(); 
+		var GoatAppRouter = Backbone.Router.extend({
+			routes: {
+				//#....
+				'welcome':'welcomeRoute',
+				'attack/:scr/:menu':'attackRoute' //	
+		 	},
+			lessonController: new LessonController({
+				lessonView:lessonView
+			}),
+			menuController: new MenuController({
+				menuView:menuView
+			}),
+
+			init:function() {
+				goatRouter =  new GoatAppRouter();
+				this.lessonController.start();
+				this.menuController.initMenu();
+
+				goatRouter.on('route:attackRoute', function(scr,menu) {
+					console.log('attack route');
+					this.lessonController.loadLesson(scr,menu);
+					this.menuController.updateMenu(scr,menu);
+					//update menu
+				});
+				goatRouter.on('route:welcomeRoute', function() {
+					alert('welcome route');
+				});
+				
+				Backbone.history.start();
+			}
+		});
+
+		return GoatAppRouter;
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
index 653b8abe4..bb84ac465 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/LessonContentView.js
@@ -4,22 +4,16 @@ define(['jquery',
 	'backbone',
 	'goatApp/model/LessonContentData'], 
 function($,_,Backbone,LessonData) {
-	var contentView = Backbone.View.extend({
-		el:'#lessonContent',
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		el:'#lessonContentWrapper', //TODO << get this fixed up in DOM
 		initialize: function(options) {
-			//this.content = options.content;
-			this.lessonData = {};
-			this.listenTo(this.lessonData,'sync',this.render);
-		},
-		loadLesson: function(options) {
-			this.lessonData = new LessonData(options.screen,options.menu);
-			
+			options = options || {};
 		},
 		render: function() {
-			alert('render');
-			this.$el.html(this.content);
+			//alert('render');
+			this.$el.html(this.model.get('content'));
 		}
 	});
 
-	return contentView;
+	
 });
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef990ee09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuItemView.js
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone'], function($,_,Backbone) {
+
+	return Backbone.View.extend({
+		initialize: function(options) {
+			options = options || {};
+
+		}
+
+
+	});
+
+});
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
index 1e1872508..a5c8108cf 100644
--- a/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
+++ b/src/main/webapp/js/goatApp/view/MenuView.js
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
-define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData'], function($,_,Backbone,MenuData) {
+define(['jquery',
+	'underscore',
+	'backbone',
+	'goatApp/model/MenuItemCollection'], 
+	function($,_,Backbone,MenuItemCollection) {
 
 	return  Backbone.View.extend({
 		el:'#menuContainer',
 		//TODO: set template
-
+		initialize: function() {
+			this.collection = new MenuItemCollection();
+			this.listenTo(this.collection,'menuData:loaded',this.render);
+		},
 		render: function (model){
 			//TODO: implement own HTML Encoder
-			this.$el.html(buildMenu(items));
+			this.$el.html('render ' + this.collection.length + ' items');//buildMenu(items)
 		},
 		buildMenu: function(items) {
 
@@ -44,6 +51,7 @@ define(['jquery','underscore','backbone','goatApp/model/MenuData'], function($,_
 				$(goatConstants.getDOMContainers().lessonMenu).html('').append($wholeMenu);
 			};
 			
-		}
+		},
+
 	});
 });
\ No newline at end of file