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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lesson
Plan Title:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> How to
Perform Http Splitting <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Concept /
Topic To Teach:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>This lesson
teaches how to perform HTTP Splitting attacks. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>How the
attacks works:</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The attacker
passes malicious code to the web server together with normal input. A victim
application will not be checking for CR (carriage return, also given by %0d or
\r) and LF (line feed, also given by %0a or \n)characters. These characters not
only give attackers control of the remaining headers and body of the response
the application intends to send, but also allows them to create additional
responses entirely under their control.<br>
The effect of an HTTP Splitting attack is maximized when accompanied with a
Cache Poisoning. The goal of Cache Poisoning attack is to poison the cache of
the victim by fooling the cache to believe that the page hijacked using the
HTTP splitting is a good one and it is indeed the server's copy.<br>
The attack happens using the HTTP Splitting attack plus adding the <b>Last-Modified:</b>
header and setting it to a future date. This will force the browser to send <b>If-Modified-Since</b>
request header, which gives the attacker the chance to intercept the server's
reply and replace it with a '304 Not Modified' reply. A sample of a 304 response
is:<br>
HTTP/1.1 304 Not Modified <br>
Date: Fri, 30 Dec 2005 17:32:47 GMT <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>General
Goal(s):</span></b><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<!-- Start Instructions -->
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>
This lesson has two stages. Stage 1 teaches you how to do HTTP Splitting attacks while
stage 2 builds on that to teach you how to elevate HTTP Splitting to Cache Poisoning.<br>
Enter a language for the system to search by. You will notice that the
application is redirecting your request to another resource on the server. You
should be able to use the CR (%0d) and LF (%0a) to exploit the attack. Your
exercise should be to force the server to send a 200 OK. If the screen changed
as an effect to your attack, just go back to the homepage and after stage 2 is
exploited successfully you will find the green check in the left menu.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
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<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
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style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image001.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image029.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_159"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span
style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Solution:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>
Please note that this solution is written for Windows. If you use Linux you have to alter it.
Windows uses a CR and LF for new Line. Linux uses only LF.
So all the %0d%0a have to be replaced by %0a if you are using Linux.<br/><br/>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Because the
input is not validated you can inject any HTTP syntax, carriage returns and
line-feed you want. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Enter a
language to examine what's going on. You do have WebScarab intercepting HTTP
requests and responses?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_160"
o:spid="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image003.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image030.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_160"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>1</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Language en</p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_161" o:spid="_x0000_i1036"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image005.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image031.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_161"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>2</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> HTTP Request</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_162" o:spid="_x0000_i1035"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image007.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image032.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_162"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>3</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> First HTTP Response</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_163" o:spid="_x0000_i1034"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image009.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image033.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_163"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>4</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Second HTTP Request</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Now inject
for the language en%0d%0a%0d%0a%0d%0a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_164"
o:spid="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image011.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image034.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_164"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>5</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> First HTTP Request</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_165" o:spid="_x0000_i1032"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image013.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image035.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_165"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>6</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> First HTTP Response</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The
Content-Length: 0 will tell the server that the first request is over.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A 200 OK
message looks like this: HTTP/1.1 200 OK<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Lets see what
you can do with: foobar%0d%0aContent-Length:%200%0d%0a%0d%0aHTTP/1.1%20200%20OK%0d%0aContent-Type:%20text/html%0d%0aContent-Length:%2047%0d%0a%0d%0a<html>Hacked
</span><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Wingdings'>J</span></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'></html><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_166"
o:spid="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image015.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image036.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_166"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>7</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> HTTP Splitting attack</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_167" o:spid="_x0000_i1030"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image017.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image037.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_167"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>8</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> HTTP Response</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_168" o:spid="_x0000_i1029"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image019.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image038.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_168"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>9</span><!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-end'></span><![endif]--> Second HTTP Request</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_169" o:spid="_x0000_i1028"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:481.5pt;height:344.25pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image021.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=642 height=459
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image039.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_169"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>10</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Second HTTP Response</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_170" o:spid="_x0000_i1027"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image023.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image040.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_170"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>11</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Hacked!</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Hit the "Back"
button of your browser.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='font-family:
"Arial","sans-serif";mso-no-proof:yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_171"
o:spid="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;
visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image025.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image041.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_171"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>12</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Stage 1 completed</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Now you know
how to do HTTP Splitting. You can abuse this technique to do a cache poisoning
attack.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Cache
poisoning requires manipulating the Last-Modified header. This must be changed
to a date in the future.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Inject: foobar%0d%0aContent-Length:%200%0d%0a%0d%0aHTTP/1.1%20200%20OK%0d%0aContent-Type:%20text/html%0d%0aLast-Modified:%20Mon,%2027%20Oct%202003%2014:50:18%20GMT%0d%0aContent-Length:%2047%0d%0a%0d%0a<html>Hacked
</span><span style='font-family:Wingdings;mso-ascii-font-family:Arial;
mso-hansi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-char-type:symbol;
mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings'><span style='mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:
Wingdings'>J</span></span><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'></html><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='page-break-after:avoid'><span style='mso-no-proof:
yes'><!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_172" o:spid="_x0000_i1025"
type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:480pt;height:277.5pt;visibility:visible;
mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image027.png" o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><![if !vml]><img width=640 height=370
src="lesson_solutions/HttpSplitting_files/image042.jpg" v:shapes="Picture_x0020_172"><![endif]></span></p>
<p class=MsoCaption>Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span style='mso-element:
field-begin'></span><span style='mso-spacerun:yes'>�</span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC
<span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span><![endif]--><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'>13</span><!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-end'></span><![endif]--> Inject cache poisoning</p>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
</div>
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<tr>
<td valign='MIDDLE' width='100%' align='RIGHT class=MsoNormal' style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>
Solution by Erwin Geirnaert
</td>
<td valign='MIDDLE' align='RIGHT'><img hspace='0' vspace='0' border='0' alt='ZION SECURITY' src='images/logos/zionsecurity.gif'></td>
</tr>
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