2025-04-27 07:49:33 -04:00

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OPCODES LIST Release 55 Last change 28sep97
------------------ OPCODE.LST ----------------------------
This is DOC 'bout undocument command and document command
of any last processors. And 'bout some registers and
Chips specific stuffs.
------------------------------------------------------------
(C) (P) Potemkin's Hackers Group 1994,1995,1996,1997
------------------------------------------------------------
Revision 3.01 1 Oct 1997
------------------------------------------------------------
All Your messages send to ->
E-mail: avp@dvm.msk.ru
[This is new mail entry, old is never exist now]
-------------------------------------------------------------
[New In revision 3.01]
o Some Bugfixed
o Bit 11 of CPUID
o Some New Stepping Info
-------------------------------------------------------------
[New In revision 3.00]
o New Stepping Info
o New Insructions (6x86MX,K6)
o New MSRs
o New Info about Registers ... and more
-------------------------------------------------------------
[New In revision 2.50]
o Pefomance Monitoring in Pentium Pro.
-------------------------------------------------------------
[New In Revision 2.00]
o MMX instruction set
o Undefined Instruction (UD,UD2)
o Story About Undocument Flags
o AMD Am5k86 MSRs
o News in CPUID for AMD K5/Intel Pentium Pro
o CR4 Update ... and more
--------------------------------------------------------------
----------O-AAA------------------------------------
OPCODE AAA - ASCII adjust AX after addition
CPU: 8086+
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: AAA ; (no operands)
Description:
IF ((( AL and 0FH ) > 9 ) or (AF==1)
THEN {
IF CPU<286 THEN { AL <- AL+6 }
ELSE { AX <- AX+6 }
AH <- AH+1
CF <- 1
AF <- 1
} ELSE {
CF <- 0
AF <- 0
}
AL <- AL and 0Fh
Note: This istruction incorrectly documented in Intel's materials.
See description field.
Flags Affected: AF,CF (modified)
OF,SF,ZF,PF (undefined)
Faults:
RM PM V86 VME
None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form:
COP (Code of Operation) : 37H
Clocks:
AAA
8086: 4
8088: 4
80186: 8
80286: 3
80386: 4
i486: 3
Pentium: 3
Cx486SLC: 4
Cx486DX: 4
IBM 486BL3X: 4
UMC U5S: 1
----------O-AAD------------------------------------
OPCODE AAD - ASCII adjust AX before Division
CPU: 8086+
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: AAD basen
Description:
AL <- (AH*basen) + AL
AH <- 0
Flags Affected: SF,ZF,PF (modified)
OF,AF,CF (undefined)
Faults:
RM PM V86 VME SMM
None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Note: AAD without operands means AAD with operand 0AH.
Note: NECs understand only AAD 0AH form.
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: AAD imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : D5H imm8
Clocks: AAD 0AH
8086: 60
80186: 15
80286: 14
80386: 19
i486: 14
Pentium: 10
Cx486SLC: 4
Cx486DX: 4
IBM 486BL3X: 15
UMC U5S: 11
----------O-AAM------------------------------------
OPCODE AAM - ASCII adjust AX after Multiply
CPU: 8086+
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: AAM basen
Description:
AH <- AL / basen
AL <- AL MOD basen
Flags Affected: SF,ZF,PF (modified)
OF,AF,CF (undefined)
Faults:
RM PM V86 VME SMM
None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Note: AAM without operands means AAM with operand 0AH.
WARNING: NECs understand only AAM 0Ah form.
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: AAM imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : D4H imm8
Clocks: AAM 0AH
8086: 83
80186: 19
80286: 16
80386: 17
i486: 15
Pentium: 18
Cx486SLC: 16
Cx486DX: 16
IBM 486BL3X: 17
UMC U5S: 12
----------O-ADD4S----------------------------------
OPCODE ADD4S - Addition for packed BCD strings
CPU: all NECs V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: ADD4S
Description:
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=ES:DI,LENGTH=CL) <-
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=DS:SI,LENGTH=CL) +
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=ES:DI,LENGTH=CL);
Note: si,di, other registers not changed
Flags Affected: OF,CF,ZF
;; ZF set if both strings are zeros.
;; CF,OF set as result of operation with most
;; signification BCDs.
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: ADD4S
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 20H
Clocks: ADD4S
NEC V20: ~19*(CL/2)+7
----------O-BOUND----------------------------------
OPCODE BOUND - Chack Array Index Against Bounds
CPU: 80186+,NECs
Type of Instruction: User - HLL support
Instruction: BOUND index,bound_array
Description:
IF (index < (opsize ptr [bound_array]))
OR
(index > (opsize ptr [bound_array+opsize]))
THEN INT 5;
Flags Affected: No Flags Affected
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Faults:
RM PM V86 VME SMM
#GP(0) if result is nonwritable seg.
#GP(0) illegal memory operand
in CS..GS (exc. SS)
#SS(0) illegal memory operand in SS
#PF #PF
#UD #UD #UD if 2nd operand is register
#13 if any part of operand lie
outside of 0..FFFFh
#AC #AC if CPL=3 and enable AC.
Note: (186s&NECs) saved CS:IP BOUND interrupt as pointer to following
instruction that self.
(286+) saved as pointer to BOUND instruction.
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BOUND reg16,mem32
BOUND reg32,mem64
COP (Code of Operation) : 62H Postbyte
Note: for 32bit op. add Pfix 66h if in 16bit mode
Clocks: BOUND reg16,mem16
In Range Out Range
80186: 33-35
80286: 13 int+13
80386: 10
i486: 7
Pentium: 8 int+32
Cx486SLC: 11 int+11
Cx486DX: 11 int+11
----------O-BRKCS----------------------------------
OPCODE BRKCS - Break with Contex Switch
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: BRKCS bank
Description:
Perform a High-Speed Software Interrupt with contex-switch to
register bank indicated by the lower 3-bits of 'bank'.
Info: NEC V25/V35/V25 Plus/V35 Plus Bank System
This Chips have 8 32bytes register banks, which placed in
Internal chip RAM by addresses:
xxE00h..xxE1Fh Bank 0
xxE20h..xxE3Fh Bank 1
.........
xxEC0h..xxEDFh Bank 6
xxEE0h..xxEFFh Bank 7
xxF00h..xxFFFh Special Functions Register
Where xx is Value of IDB register.
IBD is Byte Register contained Internal data area base
IBD addresses is FFFFFh and xxFFFh where xx is data in IBD.
Format of Bank:
+0 Reserved
+2 Vector PC
+4 Save PSW
+6 Save PC
+8 DS0 ;DS
+A SS ;SS
+C PS ;CS
+E DS1 ;ES
+10 IY ;DI
+11 IX ;SI
+14 BP ;BP
+16 SP ;SP
+18 BW ;BX
+1A DW ;DX
+1C CW ;CX
+1E AW ;AX
Format of V25 etc. PSW (FLAGS):
Bit Description
15 1
14 RB2 \
13 RB1 > Current Bank Number
12 RB0 /
11 V ;OF
10 DIR ;DF
9 IE ;IF
8 BRK ;TF
7 S ;SF
6 Z ;ZF
5 F1 General Purpose user flag #1
(accessed by Flag Special Function Register)
4 AC ;AF
3 F0 General purpose user flag #0
(accessed by Flag Special Function Register)
2 P ;PF
1 BRKI I/O Trap Enable Flag
0 CY ;CF
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BRKCS reg16
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 2Dh <1111 1RRR>
Clocks: 15
----------O-BRKEM----------------------------------
OPCODE BRKEM - Break for Emulation
CPU: NEC/Sony V20/V30/V40/V50
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: BRKEM intnum
Description:
PUSH FLAGS
PUSH CS
PUSH IP
MOV CS,0:[intnum*4+2]
MOV IP,0:[intnum*4]
MD <- 0; // Enable 8080 emulation
Note: BRKEM instruction do software interrupt and then New CS,IP loaded
it switch to 8080 mode i.e. CPU will execute 8080 code.
Mapping Table of Registers in 8080 Mode
8080 Md. A B C D E H L SP PC F
native. AL CH CL DH DL BH BL BP IP FLAGS(low)
For Return of 8080 mode use CALLN instruction.
Note: I.e. 8080 addressing only 64KB then "Real Address" is CS*16+PC
Flags Affected: MD
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BRKEM imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH FFH imm8
Clocks: BRKEM imm8
NEC V20: 38
----------O-BRKN-----------------------------------
OPCODE BRKN - Break to Native Mode
CPU: NEC (V25/V35) Software Guard only
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: BRKN int_vector
Description:
[sp-1,sp-2] <- PSW ; PSW EQU FLAGS
[sp-3,sp-4] <- PS ; PS EQU CS
[sp-5,sp-6] <- PC ; PC EQU IP
SP <- SP -6
IE <- 0
BRK <- 0
MD <- 1
PC <- [int_vector*4 +0,+1]
PS <- [int_vector*4 +2,+3]
Note: The BRKN instruction switches operations in Native Mode
from Security Mode via Interrupt call. In Normal Mode
Instruction executed as mPD70320/70322 (V25) operation mode.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BRKN imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 63h imm8
Clocks: 56+10T [44+10T]
----------O-BRKS-----------------------------------
OPCODE BRKS - Break to Security Mode
CPU: NEC (V25/V35) Software Guard only
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: BRKS int_vector
Description:
[sp-1,sp-2] <- PSW ; PSW EQU FLAGS
[sp-3,sp-4] <- PS ; PS EQU CS
[sp-5,sp-6] <- PC ; PC EQU IP
SP <- SP -6
IE <- 0
BRK <- 0
MD <- 0
PC <- [int_vector*4 +0,+1]
PS <- [int_vector*4 +2,+3]
Note: The BRKS instruction switches operations in Security Mode
via Interrupt call. In Security Mode the fetched operation
code is executed after conversion in accordance with build-in
translation table
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BRKS imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : F1h imm8
Clocks: 56+10T [44+10T]
----------O-BRKXA----------------------------------
OPCODE BRKXA - Break to Expansion Address
CPU: NEC V33/V53 only
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: BRKXA int_vector
Description:
[sp-1,sp-2] <- PSW ; PSW EQU FLAGS
[sp-3,sp-4] <- PS ; PS EQU CS
[sp-5,sp-6] <- PC ; PC EQU IP
SP <- SP -6
IE <- 0
BRK <- 0
MD <- 0
PC <- [int_vector*4 +0,+1]
PS <- [int_vector*4 +2,+3]
Enter Expansion Address Mode.
Note: In NEC V53 Memory Space dividing into 1024 16K pages.
The programming model is Same as in Normal mode.
Mechanism is:
20 bit Logical Address: 19..14 Page Num 13..0 Offset
page Num convertin by internal table to 23..14 Page Base
tHE pHYSICAL ADDRESS is both Base and Offset.
Address Expansion Registers:
logical Address A19..A14 I/O Address
0 FF00h
1 FF02h
... ...
63 FF7Eh
Register XAM aliased with port # FF80h indicated current mode
of operation.
Format of XAM register (READ ONLY):
15..1 reserved
0 XA Flag, if=1 then in XA mode.
Format of V53 PSW:
15..12 1
11 V
10 DIR
9 IE
8 BRK
7 S
6 Z
5 0
4 AC
3 0
2 P
1 1
0 CY
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BRKXA imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh E0h imm8
Clocks: 12
----------O-BSWAP----------------------------------
OPCODE BSWAP - Bytes Swap
CPU: I486 +
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: BSWAP dwordr
Description:
XCHG BYTE dwordr[31:24],dwordr[7:0]
XCHG BYTE dwordr[23:16],dwordr[15:8]
; Need Good Picture to Show It
Notes: This instruction used for converting big-endian
(Intel) format to little-endian (Motorolla etc.) format.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Physical Form: BSWAP r32
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 11001rrr (For 32bit segment)
Clocks: Cyrix Cx486SLC : 4
i486 : 1
Pentium : 1
Cyrix Cx486DX : 4
UMC U5S : 2
IBM 486BL3X : 9
----------O-BTCLR----------------------------------
OPCODE BTCLR - Bit Test, If it True Clear and Branch
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: BTCLR var,bitnumber,Short_Label
Description:
IF BIT(bitnumber OF var) =1 THEN
{
PC <- PC + ext - disp8;
BIT(bitnumber OF var) <-0
}
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: BTCLR reg/mem8,imm3, short_label
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 9Ch PostByte imm3 Short_Label (Total=5 bytes)
Clocks: 29
----------O-CALLN----------------------------------
OPCODE CALLN - Call Native Mode Routine
CPU: NEC/Sony V20/V30 etc
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: CALLN intnum
Description:
CALLN instruction call (interrupt service in Native Mode)
from 8080 emulation mode:
PUSH FLAGS
PUSH CS
PUSH IP
IF <- 0
TF <- 0
MD <- 1
MOV CS,0:[intnum*4+2]
MOV IP,0:[intnum*4]
Flags Affected: IF,TF,MD
CPU mode: 8080 Emulation
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: CALLN imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : EDH EDH imm8
Clocks:
NEC V20/V30: 38-58
----------O-CLEAR1---------------------------------
OPCODE CLEAR1 - Clear one bit
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series.
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: CLEAR1 dest,bitnumb
Description:
BIT bitnumb OF dest <- 0;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: CLEAR1 reg/mem8,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 12H Postbyte
Physical Form: CLEAR1 reg/mem8,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 1AH Postbyte imm8
Physical Form: CLEAR1 reg/mem16,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 13H Postbyte
Physical Form: CLEAR1 reg/mem16,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 1BH Postbyte imm8
Clocks: CLEAR1
r/m8,CL r/m8,i8 r/m16,CL r/m16,i8
NEC V20: 5/14 6/15 5/14 6/15
----------O-CMOVcc---------------------------------
OPCODE CMOVcc - Conditional Move
CPU: P6
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: CMOVcc dest,sorc
Description:
IF condition(cc) is true THEN dest <- sorc;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form & COPs:
CMOVO reg,reg/mem 0FH 40H Postbyte
CMOVNO reg,reg/mem 0FH 41H Postbyte
CMOVC reg,reg/mem 0FH 42H Postbyte
CMOVNC reg,reg/mem 0FH 43H Postbyte
CMOVZ reg,reg/mem 0FH 44H Postbyte
CMOVNZ reg,reg/mem 0FH 45H Postbyte
CMOVNA reg,reg/mem 0FH 46H Postbyte
CMOVA reg,reg/mem 0FH 47H Postbyte
CMOVS reg,reg/mem 0FH 48H Postbyte
CMOVNS reg,reg/mem 0FH 49H Postbyte
CMOVP reg,reg/mem 0FH 4AH Postbyte
CMOVNP reg,reg/mem 0FH 4BH Postbyte
CMOVL reg,reg/mem 0FH 4CH Postbyte
CMOVNL reg,reg/mem 0FH 4DH Postbyte
CMOVNG reg,reg/mem 0FH 4EH Postbyte
CMOVG reg,reg/mem 0FH 4FH Postbyte
Clocks: ~1 (~pairing with other instructions)
----------O-CMP4S----------------------------------
OPCODE CMP4S - Compare for packed BCD strings
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: CMP4S
Description:
SetFlaGS( BCD STRING (ADDRESS=ES:DI,LENGTH=CL) -
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=DS:SI,LENGTH=CL) );
Note: si,di, other registers not changed
Flags Affected: OF,CF,ZF
;; ZF set if RESULT of subtraction is zero.
;; CF,OF set as result of operation with most
;; signification BCDs.
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: CMP4S
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 26H
Clocks: CMP4S
NEC V20: ~7+19*CL
----------O-CMPXCHG8B------------------------------
OPCODE CMPXCHG8B - Compare and exchange 8 bytes
CPU: Pentium (tm), Pentium Pro(tm), AMD Am5k86
Type of Instruction: Operation
Instruction: CMPXCHG8B dest
Note: dest is memory operand: QWORD PTR [memory]
Description:
IF ( QWORD(EDX:EAX) = dest) THEN
{
ZF <- 1;
dest <- QWORD(ECX:EBX);
}
ELSE
{
ZF <- 0;
EDX:EAX <- dest
}
END
Flags Affected: ZF
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Physical Form: CMPXCHG8B mem64
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH C7H Postbyte
Clocks: Pentium : 10
Note: Postbyte MMRRRMMM: MM<>11 if (==) then INT 6
----------O-CMPXCHG--------------------------------
OPCODE CMPXCHG - Compare and exchange
CPU: i486+
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: CMPXCHG dest,sorc
Description:
Acc = if OperationSize(8) -> AL
OperationSize(16) -> AX
OperationSize(32) -> EAX
IF ( Acc = dest) THEN
{
ZF <- 1;
dest <- sorc;
}
ELSE
{
ZF <- 0;
Acc <- dest;
}
END
Note: This instruction used to support semaphores
Flags Affected: ZF ( see description)
OF,SF,AF,PF,CF ( like CMP instruction ) ( see description)
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: CMPXCHG r/m8,r8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH A6H Postbyte ; i486 (A-B0 step)
: 0FH B0H Postbyte ; i486 (B1+ step clones
; and upgrades)
Clocks:
Intel i486 : 6/7 if compare OK
: 6/10 if compare FAIL
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 5/7
Pentium (tm) : 6
Penalty if cache miss :
Intel i486 : 2
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 1
+++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: CMPXCHG r/m16,r16
CMPXCHG r/m32,r32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH A7H Postbyte ; i486 (A-B0 step)
: 0FH B1H Postbyte ; i486 (B1+ step clones
; and upgrades)
Clocks:
Intel i486 : 6/7 if compare OK
: 6/10 if compare FAIL
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 5/7
Pentium (tm) : 6
Penalty if cache miss :
Intel i486 : 2
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 1
----------O-CPUID----------------------------------
OPCODE CPUID - CPU Identification
CPU: Intel 486DX/SX/DX2 SL Enhanced and all later
Intel processors include ( IntelDX4, IntelSX2,
Pentium etc.), UMC microprocessors: U5S,U5SD,U5S-VL.
Cyrix M1, AMD K5, Intel P6, and AMD Ehnanced Am486 CPU,
such as A80486DX4-100SV8B.
Note: i.e. 1993+ years processors produced by Intel
Note: To know if your CPU support CPUID instruction
try to set ID flag ( bit 21 of EFLAGS ) to 1, and
if it sets this mean that CPUID support.(Soft).
Or If Your CPU is Intel Look for '&E' signature on
Top side of Chip.(Hard)
Type of Instruction: Operation
Instruction: CPUID
Description:
IF (EAX=0) THEN // All
{
EAX <- Maximum value of EAX to CALL CPUID instruction
1 for all processors (date 1 September 1994)
may be >1 in future microprocessors
;; EBX,EDX and ECX contain a OEM name string
;; for Intel this string is 'GenuineIntel'
EBX <- 756E6547H i.e. 'Genu'
EDX <- 49656E69H i.e. 'ineI'
ECX <- 6C65746EH i.e. 'ntel'
;; for UMC this string is 'UMC UMC UMC '
EBX <- 32434D55H i.e. 'UMC '
EDX <- 32434D55H i.e. 'UMC '
ECX <- 32434D55H i.e. 'UMC '
;; for Cyrix this string is 'CyrixInstead' (Cx6x86,Cx5x86 steps B+)
;; for AMD this string is 'AuthenticAMD' (K6,K5,486 Enhanced CPUs)
;; for last NexGen is 'NexGenDriven' (Nx5x86 latest models)
}
ELSEIF (EAX=1) THEN // All
{
EAX[3:0] <- Stepping ID
EAX[7:4] <- Model
EAX[11:8] <- Family
; 3 - 386 family
; 4 - i486 family
; 5 - Pentium family
; 6 - Pentium Pro family
EAX[15:12] <- Reserved
; 0 - Original OEM processor
; 1 - OverDrive
; 2 - Dual Processor
Note: Pentium P54C have pin CPUTYPE which
define is this CPU First or Second e.t.c
in System.
So, if this chip set in "First" socket it
return for example 0425h, but THIS chip
return 2425h if we insert it in "Second"
socket.
Note: Refer to Appendix B for more information.
EAX[31:16] <- Reserved and set to 0s now
EDX <- Compability flags
;; below all info if bit flag =1
EDX[0] <- FPU: FPU on Chip
EDX[1] <- VME: Virtual Mode Extention present
EDX[2] <- DE: Debbuging Extentions
EDX[3] <- PSE: CPU support 4MB size pages
EDX[4] <- TSC: TSC present (See RDTSC command)
EDX[5] <- MSR: CPU have Pentium Compatible MSRs
EDX[6] <- PAE: Physical Address Extension (Intel)
EDX[6] <- PTE: Support PTE (Cyrix)
When set in PTE TLB will not be flushed
when CR3 is written.
EDX[7] <- MCE: Machine Check exception
EDX[8] <- CX8: Support CMPXCHG8B instruction
EDX[9] <- APIC: Local APIC on Chip (Intel)
PGE: Page Global Extension (K5)
EDX[10]<- reserved
EDX[11]<- SEP: Fast System Call feature (Pentium Pro)
EDX[12]<- MTRR: CPU support Memory Type Range Register (MTRR)
EDX[13]<- PGE: Page Global Feature support
EDX[14]<- MCA: Machine Check Architecture
EDX[15]<- CMOV: CPU support CMOV instruction
EDX[22..16] <- Reserved
EDX[23] <- MMX: CPU support IA MMX
EDX[31:24] <- Reserved and set to 0s now
}
ELSEIF (EAX=2)
{
AL = 1 (Pentium Pro, Pentium II)
remainder of EAX and EBX,ECX,EDX contain bytes which
described cache architecture on this chip.
Description of this bytes is:
Value Description
00h None
01h Instruction TLB, 4K page, 4way, 64 entry
02h Instruction TLB, 4M page, 4way, 4 entry
03h Data TLB, 4K page, 4way, 64 entry
04h Data TLB, 4M page, 4way, 8 entry
06h Instruction Cache, 8K, 4 way, 32 byte per line
0Ah Data cache, 8K, 2 way, 32 byte per line
41h Unifed cache, 32 byte per line, 4 way, 128KB
42h Unifed cache, 32 byte per line, 4 way, 256KB
43h Unifed cache, 32 byte per line, 4 way, 512KB
}
ELSEIF (EAX = 80000000h) // AMD 5k86 (K5 not SSA/5)
{
EBX,ECX,EDX <- Undefined
EAX <- Largest Extended function value recognized by CPUID.
(Note: Extended CPUID functions started with 80000000h)
(Example: For AMD 5k86 (K5) = 80000005h )
}
ELSEIF (EAX = 80000001h) // AMD 5k86 (K5 not SSA/5)
{
EAX <- AMD Processor Signature
0000051Xh - for AMD 5k86 (K5 not SSA/5)
0000066Xh - for AMD 6k86 (K6)
EBX,ECX <- Undefined
EDX <- Extended Feature Flags
EDX[0] <- FPU: FPU on Chip
EDX[1] <- VME: Virtual Mode Extention present
EDX[2] <- DE: Debbuging Extentions
EDX[3] <- PSE: CPU support 4MB size pages
EDX[4] <- TSC: TSC present (See RDTSC command)
EDX[5] <- MSR: CPU have K5 Compatible MSRs
EDX[6] <- 0 (Reserved)
EDX[7] <- MCE: Machine Check exception
EDX[8] <- CX8: Support CMPXCHG8B instruction
EDX[9] <- Reserved
EDX[10]<- Support SYSCALL and SYSRET instruction (!!!)
EDX[11,12]<- reserved
EDX[13]<- PGE: Page Global Feature support
EDX[14]<- reserved
EDX[15]<- CMOV: CPU support CMOV instruction
EDX[16]<- FCMOV: CPU support FP. FCMOV (!!!)
EDX[22..16] <- Reserved
EDX[23] <- MMX: CPU support IA MMX
EDX[31..24] <- Reserved
;Note: For AMD K5 = 000021BFh
For AMD K6 = 008005BFh
}
ELSEIF (EAX = 80000002h,80000003h,80000004h) // AMD K5,K6
{
EAX, EBX, ECX ,EDX = CPU Name
// Note: for AMD K5 (Don't forget x86 is BIG-Endian!!)
// CPUID(EAX) EAX EBX ECX EDX
// 80000002h 2D444D41 7428354B 5020296D 65636F72
// AMD- K5(r m) P roce
// 80000003h 726F7373 00000000 00000000 00000000
// ssor
// 80000004h 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000
}
ELSEIF (EAX = 80000005h) // AMD K5,K6
{ // TLB and Cache information
EAX <- Reserved
EBX <- TLB Information:
EBX[31..24] <- Data TLB: Associativity
(if Full assocuiativity = FFh)
EBX[23..16] <- Data TLB: Number of Entryes
EBX[15..8] <- Instruction TLB: Associativity
(if Full assocuiativity = FFh)
EBX[7..0] <- Instruction TLB: Number of Entryes
ECX <- L1 Data Cache Information
ECX[31..24] <- Size in KB
ECX[23..16] <- Associativity (if full = FFh)
ECX[15..8] <- Lines per Tag
ECX[7..0] <- Line size in Bytes
EDX <- L1 Instruction Cache Information
ECX[31..24] <- Size in KB
ECX[23..16] <- Associativity (if full = FFh)
ECX[15..8] <- Lines per Tag
ECX[7..0] <- Line size in Bytes
// Note: after execution CPUID with EAX = 80000005h
// reg AMD K5 AMD K6
// EBX 04800000 02800140
// ECX 08040120 20020220
// EDX 10040120 20020220
}
ELSE THEN
{
EAX,EBX,ECX,EDX <- Undefined
}
END.
Global Note:
This file contain open i.e nonconfiderential information about
CPUID information.
If you want MORE try to contact Intel, may be (but I'm sure that not)
Intelers give you "Yellow Pages" (i.e Supplement to Pentium(tm)
Processor User's Manual) to read inside office.
Refer to: Appendix B for more informations about CPU codes.
Here is 3 examples of Information we can may get from CPUID instruction:
1) UMC U5S
Note: All UMC Chips: U5S,U5SD, 3V chips never have FPU on-chip,
and never support VME
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:1
Vendor string is : "UMC UMC UMC "
Model Info :
Stepping ID is : 3
Model : 2
Family : 4
M field : 0
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :-
Virtual Mode Extensions present :-
CPU support I/O breakpoints :-
CPU support 4MB pages :-
Time Stamp Counter Presents :-
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :-
Machine Check Exception Presents :-
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :-
APIC on Chip :-
2) Intel 486
Note: All SL Enhanced 486: { i486SX,i486DX,i486DX2 marked '&E' on chip
surface }, IntelSX2,IntelDX4 support VME !!!!
But: Sxs never have FPU on chip.
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:1
Vendor string is : "GenuineIntel"
Model Info :
Stepping ID is : 0
Model : 8
Family : 4
M field : 0
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :+
Virtual Mode Extensions present :+
CPU support I/O breakpoints :-
CPU support 4MB pages :-
Time Stamp Counter Presents :-
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :-
Machine Check Exception Presents :-
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :-
APIC on Chip :-
3) Pentium
Note: P54C may say that build-in APIC not present if it
not supported by external hardware !!!!! (This data from
P54C in single processor configuration)
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:1
Vendor string is : "GenuineIntel"
Model Info :
Stepping ID is : 1
Model : 2
Family : 5
M field : 0
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :+
Virtual Mode Extensions present :+
CPU support I/O breakpoints :+
CPU support 4MB pages :+
Time Stamp Counter Presents :+
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :+
Machine Check Exception Presents :+
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :+
APIC on Chip :-
4) Pentium OverDrive
Note: P24T never have Machine Check Exception
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:1
Vendor string is : "GenuineIntel"
Model Info :
Stepping ID is : 1
Model : 3
Family : 5
M field : 1
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :+
Virtual Mode Extensions present :+
CPU support I/O breakpoints :+
CPU support 4MB pages :+
Time Stamp Counter Presents :+
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :+
Machine Check Exception Presents :-
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :+
APIC on Chip :-
5) AMD Am5x86 (also AMD Enhanced 486).
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:1
Vendor string is : "AuthenticAMD"
Model Info :
Stepping ID is : 4
Model : 15
Family : 4
M field : 0
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :+
Virtual Mode Extensions present :-
CPU support I/O breakpoints :-
CPU support 4MB pages :-
Time Stamp Counter Presents :-
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :-
P6 Flag: n/a :-
Machine Check Exception Presents :-
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :-
6) Pentium Pro (P6)
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:2 <<-------------- !!!!
Vendor string is : "GenuineIntel"
Model Info :
Stepping ID is : 1
Model : 1
Family : 6
M field : 0
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :+
Virtual Mode Extensions present :+
CPU support I/O breakpoints :+
CPU support 4MB pages :+
Time Stamp Counter Presents :+
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :+
P6 Flag: n/a :+
Machine Check Exception Presents :+
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :+
APIC on Chip :+
Reserved :- ; bit 10
Fast System Call feature :+
Memory Type Range Regs. support :+
Page Global Feature support :+
Machine Check Architecture :+
CMOVxx instructions support :+
IA MMX support :+
7)
Maximum Available of CPUID info entrys:1
Vendor string is : "CyrixInstead"
Compability Flags:
FPU on Chip :+
Virtual Mode Extensions present :-
CPU support I/O breakpoints :+
CPU support 4MB pages :-
Time Stamp Counter Presents :+
CPU have Pentium compatible MSRs :+
P6 Flag: n/a :+
Machine Check Exception Presents :-
CMPXCHG8B instruction support :+
APIC on Chip :-
Reserved :-
Reserved :-
Memory Type Range Regs. support :-
Page Global Feature support :+
Machine Check Architecture :-
CMOVxx instructions support :+
IA MMX support :+
Note: Some Last NexGen Nx586 support CPUID instruction, but never support ID
flag in EFALGS, so check it with #UD hook.
Note: On Cyrix CPUs need to Enable CPUID instruction, setting CPUIDEN bit
in CCR4.
Note: Cyrix Cx6x86 return on CPUID(1) in EAX next data:
YYYYXXMMh - where
YYYY - normally 0s.
XX - value of control register 0FCh
(usually 05h, may be changed to any
other value by user).
MM - Model Unical Revision (according to DIR0)
Note: Cyrix 486s never support CPUID.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Physical Form: CPUID
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH A2H
Clocks: 486s & Pentium (EAX=1) : 14
486s & Pentium (EAX=0 or EAX>1) : 9
----------O-EMMS-----------------------------------
OPCODE EMMS - Empty MMX State
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: EMMS
Description:
FloatPointTagWord <- FFFFh
Note: The EMMS instruction sets the values of the floating-point (FP) tag
word to empty (all ones). EMMS marks the registers as available, so
they can subsequently be used by floating-point instructions.
If a floating-point instruction loads into one of the registers
before it has been reset by the EMMS instruction, a floating-point
stack overflow can occur, which results in a FP exception or incorrect
result. All other MMX instructions validate the entire FP tag word (all
zeros).
This instruction must be used to dear the MMX state at the end of all
MMX routines, and before calling other routines that may execute
floating-point instructions.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
EMMS 0FH 77H
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-ESC------------------------------------
OPCODE ESC - Escape Extrnal Cooprocessors
CPU: 8086...80386, any Hybrid 486.
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: ESC Number,R/M
Description: This Instruction uses for Link with External Coprocessors
Such as NPX. External Coprocessors look at command sequence
at get ESC. CPU give Memory Operand sending to A-bus EA
doing pseudo-read operation.
{ If 2nd Operand is Register then Do Nothing,
If 2nd Operand is Memory then set EA (Effective Address)
in Address Bus }
First operand is Part of Command that Ext. coprocessors get.
Flags Affected: None
Example: ESC 0Fh,DX means FSQRT
Note: ESC mnemonic was used for 8086 CPU, later all were used alternative
mnemonic for cooprocessor instructions, such as FSQRT.
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form:
COP (Code of Operation) : <1101 1xxx> Postbyte
Clocks: ESC n,Reg ESC n,Mem8/Mem16
8088: 2 8/12+EA
286: 9-20 9-20
386: N/A N/A
486: N/A N/A
----------O-EXT------------------------------------
OPCODE EXT - Extract Bit Field
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: EXT start,len
Description:
AX <- BitField [
BASE = DS:SI
START BIT OFFSET = start
LENGTH = len
];
Note: si and start automatically UPDATE
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : EXT reg8,reg8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 33H PostByte
Clocks: EXT reg8,reg8
NEC V20: 26-55
----------O-F4X4-----------------------------------
OPCODE F4X4 - FPU: Multiplicate vector on Matrix 4x4
FPU: IIT FPUs.
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: F4X4
Description:
; This Instruction Multiplicate vector on
; Matrix 4X4
_ _ _ _ _ _
| | | | | |
| Xn | | A00 A01 A02 A03 | | X0 |
| Yn | = | A10 A11 A12 A13 | X | Y0 |
| Zn | | A20 A21 A22 A23 | | Z0 |
| Wn | | A30 A31 A31 A33 | | W0 |
|_ _| |_ _| |_ _|
; Data fetches/stores from/to FPU registers:
# of F E T C H E S STORE
Register Bank0 Bank1 Bank2 Bank0
ST X0 A33 A31 Xn
ST(1) Y0 A23 A21 Yn
ST(2) Z0 A13 A11 Zn
ST(3) W0 A03 A01 Wn
ST(4) A32 A30
ST(5) A22 A20
ST(6) A12 A10
ST(7) A02 A00
Note: See FSBP0,FSBP1,FSBP2 for more information
FPU Flags Affected: S
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: F4X4
COP (Code of Operation): DBH F1H
Clocks: IIT 2c87 : 242
IIT 3c87 : 242
IIT 3c87SX : 242
----------O-FCMOVcc--------------------------------
OPCODE FCMOVcc - Floating Point Conditional Move
CPU: P6
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: FCMOVcc dest,sorc
Description:
IF condition(cc) is true THEN dest <- sorc;
Flags Affected: Int: None
Fp : None
Note: Testing Integer flags:
cc Meaning Test Flags Description
B Below CF=1 <
NB Not Below CF=0 >=
E Equal ZF=1 =
NE Not Equal ZF=0 !=
BE Below Equal (CF=1 .OR. ZF=1) <=
NBE Not BelowEqual (CF=0 .AND. ZF=0) >
U Unordered PF=1
NU Not Unordered PF!=1
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form & COPs:
FCMOVB ST,STi DA C0+i
FCMOVE ST,STi DA C8+i
FCMOVBE ST,STi DA D0+i
FCMOVU ST,STi DA D8+i
FCMOVNB ST,STi DB C0+i
FCMOVNE ST,STi DB C8+i
FCMOVNBE ST,STi DB D0+i
FCMOVNU ST,STi DB D8+i
Clocks: N/A
----------O-FCOMI----------------------------------
OPCODE FCOMI - Floating Point Compare setting Integer Flags
CPU: P6
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: FuCOMIp ST0,STi
Description:
CASE ( result (compare(ST0,STi) ) OF
{ ; ZF PF CF
Not Comparable: 1 1 1
ST0 > STi : 0 0 0
ST0 < STi : 0 0 1
ST0 = STi : 1 0 0
}
CASE ( FP_stack_status ) OF
{ ; SF
Overflow : 1
Underflow : 0
Otherwize : 0
}
CASE ( instruction ) OF
{
FCOMI,FUCOMI : No FP stack adjustment;
FCOMIP,FUCOMIP : POP ST;
}
Flags Affected: Int: CF,ZF,PF,SF
Fp : None
Note: In any case Sign of zero Ignored , so +0.0 = -0.0
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form & COPs:
FCOMI ST0,STi DB F0+i
FCOMIP ST0,STi DF F0+i
FUCOMI ST0,STi DB E8+i
FUCOMIP ST0,STi DF E8+i
Clocks: N/A
----------O-FINT-----------------------------------
OPCODE FINT - Finished Interrupt
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: FINT
Description:
Inticate to Internal Interrupt controller that
interrupt service Routine is completed. (EOI)
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: FINT
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 92h
Clocks: 2
----------O-FNSTDW---------------------------------
OPCODE FNSTDW - FPU Not wait Store Device Word register
FPU: i387SL Mobile
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FNSTDW dest
Description:
dest <- Device Word
Format of Device word:
bit(s) Description (Table )
0-7 Reserved
8 S - Status bit:
if S=1 then FP device is a static design and OS
or APM Bios may set CLK slow to 0 Mhz without
lost any data.
9-15 Reserved
Note: Device word register valid only after FNINIT
FPU Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FNSTDW AX
COP (Code of Operation): DFH E1H
Clocks: i387SL Mobile: 13
----------O-FNSTSG---------------------------------
OPCODE FNSTSG - FPU Not wait Store Signature Word register
FPU: i387SL Mobile
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FNSTSG dest
Description:
dest <- Signature Word
Format of Signature word:
bit(s) Description (Table )
3-0 Revision
7-4 Steppin
11-8 Family
15-12 Version
Note:
For i387(tm) SL Mobile Signature is:
Version = 2
Family = 3 ; 387
Stepping = 1 ; Ax step
Revision = 0 ; x0 step
i.e i387(tm) SL is A0 step
Note: This FPU is out of life
Note: Signature word register valid only after FNINIT
FPU Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FNSTSG AX
COP (Code of Operation): DFH E2H
Clocks: i387SL Mobile: 13
----------O-FPO2-----------------------------------
OPCODE FPO2 - Floating Point Operations 2nd Way
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: FPO2 fp_op,mem
Description:
This instruction was building for sending FP commands to
NEC NPX which never be realized
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : FPO2 imm4,reg/mem
COP (Code of Operation) :
If imm4 in range 0-7 then
66H mmFFFMMM there FFF is imm4.
If imm4 in range 7-F then
67H mmFFFMMM there FFF is imm4.
Clocks: FPO2 imm4,reg/mem
NEC V20: 2/11
----------O-FRICHOP--------------------------------
OPCODE FRICHOP - FPU: Round to Integer chop method
FPU: Cyrix FPUs and 486s with FPU on chip
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FRICHOP
Description:
ST <- ROUND ( ST,CHOP )
Note:
This instruction calculate rounding ST toward zero
i.e. ignoring part righter that decimal .
Examples:
1.2 -> 1.0
-1.2 -> -1.0
3.0 -> 3.0
0.0 -> 0.0
1.5 -> 1.0
-2.0 -> -2.0
FPU Flags Affected: S,P,D,I,C1
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FRICHOP
COP (Code of Operation): DDH FCH
Clocks: Cx83D87 : 15
Cx83S87 : 15
CxEMC87 : 15
Cx487DLC :
----------O-FRINEAR--------------------------------
OPCODE FRINEAR - FPU: Round to Integer Nearest method
FPU: Cyrix FPUs and 486s with FPU on chip
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FRINEAR
Description:
ST <- ROUND ( ST,NEAREST )
Note:
This instruction calculate rounding ST toward nearest
Examples:
1.2 -> 1.0
-1.2 -> -1.0
3.0 -> 3.0
0.0 -> 0.0
1.5 -> 1.0
1.8 -> 2.0
-2.0 -> -2.0
FPU Flags Affected: S,P,D,I,C1
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FRINEAR
COP (Code of Operation): DFH FCH
Clocks: Cx83D87 : 15
Cx83S87 : 15
CxEMC87 : 15
Cx487DLC :
----------O-FRINT2---------------------------------
OPCODE FRINT2 - FPU: Round to Integer
FPU: Cyrix FPUs and 486s with FPU on chip
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FRINT2
Description:
IF ( exact half ) THEN
{
ST <- SIGN(ST) * ROUND(ABS(ST)+0.5,NEAREST)
}
ELSE
{
ST <- ROUND ( ST,NEAREST )
}
END
Note:
This instruction calculate rounding ST toward nearest,
but if number is exact half then this instruction round
it toward signed infinity. Sign of this infinity is same
with sign of number.
Examples:
1.2 -> 1.0
-1.2 -> -1.0
3.0 -> 3.0
0.0 -> 0.0
1.5 -> 2.0
1.8 -> 2.0
-2.0 -> -2.0
-1.5 -> -2.0
FPU Flags Affected: S,P,D,I,C1
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FRINT2
COP (Code of Operation): DBH FCH
Clocks: Cx83D87 : 15
Cx83S87 : 15
CxEMC87 : 15
Cx487DLC :
----------O-FRSTPM---------------------------------
OPCODE FRSTPM - FPU Reset Protected Mode
FPU: i287XL i287XLT
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FRSTPM
Description:
Reset Cooprocessor from Protected Mode
to Real Address mode.
FPU Flags Affected: None
CPU mode:Any ???
Physical Form: FRSTPM
COP (Code of Operation): DBH E5H
Clocks: i287XL : 12
i287XLT : 12
----------O-FSBP0----------------------------------
OPCODE FSBP0 - FPU: Set Bank pointer to Bank # 0
FPU: IIT FPUs.
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FSBP0
Description:
; This Instruction set current bank pointer to
; Bank # 0.
; Each bank contain eight 80bit registers
; There are 3 banks (0,1,2) in Chip
; After initialization FPU select bank # 0.
FPU Flags Affected: None
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FSBP0
COP (Code of Operation): DBH E8H
Clocks: IIT 2c87 : 6
IIT 3c87 : 6
IIT 3c87SX : 6
----------O-FSBP1----------------------------------
OPCODE FSBP1 - FPU: Set Bank pointer to Bank # 1
FPU: IIT FPUs.
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FSBP1
Description:
; This Instruction set current bank pointer to
; Bank # 1.
; Each bank contain eight 80bit registers
; There are 3 banks (0,1,2) in Chip
; After initialization FPU select bank # 0.
FPU Flags Affected: None
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FSBP1
COP (Code of Operation): DBH EBH
Clocks: IIT 2c87 : 6
IIT 3c87 : 6
IIT 3c87SX : 6
----------O-FSBP2----------------------------------
OPCODE FSBP2 - FPU: Set Bank pointer to Bank # 2
FPU: IIT FPUs.
Type of Instruction: FPU instruction
Instruction: FSBP2
Description:
; This Instruction set current bank pointer to
; Bank # 2.
; Each bank contain eight 80bit registers
; There are 3 banks (0,1,2) in Chip
; After initialization FPU select bank # 0.
FPU Flags Affected: None
FPU mode: Any
Physical Form: FSBP2
COP (Code of Operation): DBH EAH
Clocks: IIT 2c87 : 6
IIT 3c87 : 6
IIT 3c87SX : 6
----------O-IBTS-----------------------------------
OPCODE IBTS - Insert Bits String
CPU: 80386 step A0-B0 only
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: IBTS base,bitoffset,len,sorc
Description:
Write bit string length <len> bits from
<sorc> [bits <len> .. 0 ] (lowest bits) to bitfield,
defined by <base> and bitsoffset <bitoffset> from this base
to start of the field to write. String write from this start
field bit to higher memory addresses or register bits.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: IBTS r/m16,AX,CL,r16
IBTS r/m32,EAX,CL,r32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH A7H Postbyte
Clocks: IBTS
80386: 12/19
----------O-ICEBP----------------------------------
OPCODE ICEBP - PWI Mode BreakPoint, ICE address space
CPU: IBM 486SLC2
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: ICEBP
Description:
IF (condition) THEN ; see condition below
{
SAVE STATUS OF EXECUTION TO ICE space;
ENTER SMM;
}
ELSE
{
INT 1;
}
END
Note: This condition can be set before execution this instruction:
CPL=0
MSR1000H.EPCEA=1
MSR1000H.EPWI=1
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM0
Physical Form: ICEBP
COP (Code of Operation): F1H
Clocks: IBM 486SLC2 : 460
----------O-ICEBP----------------------------------
OPCODE ICEBP - In-Circuit Emulator Breakpoint
CPU: some models of i486, i386, Pentium, Pentium Pro
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: ICEBP
Description:
IF (condition) THEN ; see condition below
{
CHANGED TO THE ICE instruction mode;
}
ELSE
{
INT 1;
}
END
Note: 386/486: Condition is DR7.bit12=1
(CPU must be supported ICE).
Note: This instruction very usefull to debbuging as Single-Byte Interrupt
but it generate never int 3, but int 1.
Note: On Pentium Interrupt redirection initiately disabled on PMCR
(Probe Mode Control Register), which is only accessable via debug port
i.e. Need external hardware for enable normal ICEBP execution.
Note: On Pentium Pro situation is the same.
But in Pentium Pro Intel named this instruction INT01.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM0
Physical Form: ICEBP
COP (Code of Operation): F1H
Clocks: : N/A
----------O-ICERET---------------------------------
OPCODE ICERET - Return from PWI mode, ICE space
CPU: IBM 486SLC2
Type of Instruction: System Operation
(Work only then CPL=0)
Instruction: ICERET
Description:
Load All Registers (Include Shadow Registers) from Table
Which Begin on place pointed ES:EDI, and return from PWI
mode.
Format of ICERET Table:
(Table )
Offset Len Description
0H 4 CR0
4H 4 EFLAGS
8H 4 EIP
CH 4 EDI
10H 4 ESI
14H 4 EBP
18H 4 ESP
1CH 4 EBX
20H 4 EDX
24H 4 ESX
28H 4 EAX
2CH 4 DR6
30H 4 DR7
34H 4 TR (16 bit, zero filled up)
38H 4 LDT ---------
3CH 4 GS ---------
40H 4 FS ---------
44H 4 DS ---------
48H 4 SS ---------
4CH 4 CS ---------
50H 4 ES ---------
54H 4 TSS.attrib
58H 4 TSS.base
5CH 4 TSS.limit
60H 4 Reserved
64H 4 IDT.base
68H 4 IDT.limit
6CH 4 REP OUTS overrun flag
70H 4 GDT.base
74H 4 GDT.limit
78H 4 LDT.attrib
7CH 4 LDT.base
80H 4 LDT.limit
84H 4 GS.attrib
88H 4 GS.base
8CH 4 GS.limit
90H 4 FS.attrib
94H 4 FS.base
98H 4 FS.limit
9CH 4 DS.attrib
A0H 4 DS.base
A4H 4 DS.limit
A8H 4 SS.attrib
ACH 4 SS.base
B0H 4 SS.limit
B4H 4 CS.attrib
B8H 4 CS.base
BCH 4 CS.limit
C0H 4 ES.attrib
C4H 4 ES.base
C8H 4 ES.limit
Unknown Unusable area
;; Temporary registers:
100H 4 TST
104H 4 IDX
108H 4 TMPH
10CH 4 TMPG
110H 4 TMPF
114H 4 TMPE
118H 4 TMPD
11CH 4 TMPC
120H 4 TMPB
124H 4 TMPA
128H 4 CR2
12CH 4 CR3
130H 4 MSR1001H (31-0)
134H 4 MSR1001H (63-32)
138H 4 MSR1000H (15-0)
13CH 4 DR0
140H 4 DR1
144H 4 DR2
148H 4 DR3
14CH 4 PEIP
Length of table is 150H bytes.
Note: For descriptor format refer to LOADALL and RES3 instructions.
Flags Affected: All (FLAGS Register Reload)
CPU mode: SMM
Physical Form: ICERET
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 07H Note: Code is same with Intel's LOADALL
Clocks: IBM 486SLC2 : 440
----------O-INS------------------------------------
OPCODE INS - Insert Bit String
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: INS start,len
Description:
BitField [ BASE = ES:DI
START BIT OFFSET = start
LENGTH = len
] <- AX [ bits= (len-1)..0]
Note: di and start automatically UPDATE
Note: Alternative Name of this instruction is NECINS
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : INS reg8,reg8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 31H PostByte
Clocks: INS reg8,reg8
NEC V20: 31-117
----------O-INVD-----------------------------------
OPCODE INVD - Invalidate Cache Buffer
CPU: I486 +
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: INVD
Description:
FLUSH INTERNAL CACHE
( It means that all lines of internal caches sets as
invalid )
SIGNAL EXTERNAL CACHE TO FLUSH
Notes: This instruction not work in Real Mode and in
Protected mode work only in ring 0 ;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: PM0,SMM?
Physical Form: INVD
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 08H
Clocks: Cyrix Cx486SLC : 4
i486 : 4
Pentium : 15
----------O-INVLPG---------------------------------
OPCODE INVLPG - Invalidate Page Entry In TLB
CPU: I486 +
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: INVLPG mem
Description:
IF found in data or code (if both) (or common if single)
TLB entry with linear address (page part) same as
memory operand <mem> then mark this entry as Invalid;
Notes: This instruction not work in Real Mode and in
Protected mode work only in ring 0 ;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Physical Form: INVLPG mem
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 01H mm111mmm
Clocks: Cyrix Cx486SLC : 4
i486 : 12 if hit
: 11 if not hit
Pentium : 25
----------O-LOADALL--------------------------------
OPCODE LOADALL - Load All Registers
CPU: Intel 386+ +all clones
Type of Instruction: System
(Work only then CPL=0)
Instruction: LOADALL
Description:
Load All Registers (Include Shadow Registers) from Table
Which Begin on place pointed ES:EDI
Format of LOADALL Table:
(Table )
Offset Len Description
0H 4 CR0
4H 4 EFLAGS
8H 4 EIP
CH 4 EDI
10H 4 ESI
14H 4 EBP
18H 4 ESP
1CH 4 EBX
20H 4 EDX
24H 4 ESX
28H 4 EAX
2CH 4 DR6
30H 4 DR7
34H 4 TR (16 bit, zero filled up)
38H 4 LDT ---------
3CH 4 GS ---------
40H 4 FS ---------
44H 4 DS ---------
48H 4 SS ---------
4CH 4 CS ---------
50H 4 ES ---------
54H 4 TSS.attrib
58H 4 TSS.base
5CH 4 TSS.limit
60H 4 0s
64H 4 IDT.base
68H 4 IDT.limit
6CH 4 0s
70H 4 GDT.base
74H 4 GDT.limit
78H 4 LDT.attrib
7CH 4 LDT.base
80H 4 LDT.limit
84H 4 GS.attrib
88H 4 GS.base
8CH 4 GS.limit
90H 4 FS.attrib
94H 4 FS.base
98H 4 FS.limit
9CH 4 DS.attrib
A0H 4 DS.base
A4H 4 DS.limit
A8H 4 SS.attrib
ACH 4 SS.base
B0H 4 SS.limit
B4H 4 CS.attrib
B8H 4 CS.base
BCH 4 CS.limit
C0H 4 ES.attrib
C4H 4 ES.base
C8H 4 ES.limit
CCH 4 Length of table
D0H 30h Unused,not loaded
100H 4 Temporary Register IST
104H 4 Temporary Register I
108H 4 Temporary Register H
10CH 4 Temporary Register G
110H 4 Temporary Register F
114H 4 Temporary Register E
118H 4 Temporary Register D
11CH 4 Temporary Register C
120H 4 Temporary Register B
124H 4 Temporary Register A
Format of Attrib field:
Byte Description
0 0s
1 AR (Access Right) byte in the Descriptor format
Note:
P bit is a valid bit
if valid bit=0 then Shadow Register is invalid and
INT 0DH - General Protection Fault call
DPL of SS,CS det. CPL
2-3 0s
Flags Affected: All (FLAGS Register Reload)
CPU mode: RM,PM0
Physical Form: LOADALL
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 07H
Clocks: i386XX : n/a
i486XX : n/a
Note: This operation used 102 data transfer cycles on 32bit bus
Typical clocks:
i386SX: ~350
i386DX: ~290
i486XX: ~220
----------O-LOADALL--------------------------------
OPCODE LOADALL - Load All Registers From Table
CPU: Intel 80286 and all its clones
Type of Instruction: System
(Work only then CPL=0)
Instruction: LOADALL
Description:
Load All Registers (Include Shadow Registers) from Table
Which Begin on 000800H Address, Len of this table is
66H
Format of LOADALL Table:
(Table )
Address Len Description
800H 6 None
806H 2 MSW
808H 14 None
816H 2 TR
818H 2 FLAGS
81AH 2 IP
81CH 2 LDTR
81EH 2 DS
820H 2 SS
822H 2 CS
824H 2 ES
826H 2 DI
828H 2 SI
82AH 2 BP
82CH 2 SP
82EH 2 BX
830H 2 DX
832H 2 CX
834H 2 AX
836H 6 ES Shadow Descriptor
83CH 6 CS Shadow Descriptor
842H 6 SS Shadow Descriptor
848H 6 DS Shadow Descriptor
84EH 6 GDTR
854H 6 LDT Shadow Descriptor
85AH 6 IDTR
860H 6 TSS Shadow Descriptor
Format of Shadow Descriptor:
Byte Description
0-2 24bit Phisical Address
3 AR (Access Right) byte
4-5 16bit Segment Limit
Format of GDTR and IDTR:
Byte Description
0-2 24bit Phisical Address
3 0s
4-5 16bit Segment Limit
Note: Using this instruction we may turn on "Big Real Mode" i.e. mode then
PG=1,PE=0,cpl=0. This mode very usefull,But Pentium never support this
instruction.
Flags Affected: All (FLAGS Register Reload)
CPU mode: RM,PM0
Physical Form: LOADALL
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 05H
Clocks: 80286 : 195
----------O-MOVD-----------------------------------
OPCODE MOVD - Move Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: MOVD dest,src
Description:
IF dest is MMi register THEN
{
dest[63..32] <- 0
dest[31..0] <- src
} ELSE ; If dest is DWORD
dest <- src [31..0]
Note: This instruction moved DWORDs to/from MMX registers
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If result in Non-Writable segment
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
MOVD mm,r/m32 0FH 6EH PostByte
MOVD r/m32,mm 0Fh 7Eh PostByte
mm,r/m32 r/m32,mm
P55C: n/a (~1) (~1)
future P6: n/a (~1) (~1)
----------O-MOVQ-----------------------------------
OPCODE MOVQ - Move Qwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: MOVQ dest,src
Description:
dest <- src
Note: This instruction moved QWORDs to/from MMX registers
Of course, IA support Big-endian QWORDS.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If result in Non-Writable segment
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
MOVQ mm,mm/m64 0FH 6FH PostByte
MOVQ mm/m64,mm 0Fh 7Fh PostByte
Note: In PostByte instead IU registers used MMX registers,
0Fh 6Fh C0h means MOVQ MM0,MM0
mm,r/m32 r/m32,mm
P55C: n/a (~1) (~1)
future P6: n/a (~1) (~1)
----------O-MOVSPA---------------------------------
OPCODE MOVSPA - Move Stack Pointer After Bank Switched
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: MOVSPA
Description: This instruction transfer both SS and SP of the old register
bank to new register bank after the bank has been switched by
interrupt or BRKCS instruction.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: MOVSPA
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 25h
Clocks: 16
----------O-MOVSPB---------------------------------
OPCODE MOVSPB - Move Stack Pointer Before Bamk Switching
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: MOVSPB Number_of_bank
Description: The MOVSPB instruction transfers the current SP and SS before
the bank switching to new register bank.
Note: New Register Bank Number indicated by lower 3bit of Number_of_
_bank.
Note: See BRKCS instruction for more info about banks.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: MOVSPB reg16
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 95h <1111 1RRR>
Clocks: 11
----------O-NOT1-----------------------------------
OPCODE NOT1 - Invert a Specified bit
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: NOT1 dest,bitnumb
Description:
(BIT bitnumb OF dest) <- NOT (BIT bitnumb OF dest);
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: NOT1 reg/mem8,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 16H Postbyte
Physical Form: NOT1 reg/mem8,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 1EH Postbyte imm8
Physical Form: NOT1 reg/mem16,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 17H Postbyte
Physical Form: NOT1 reg/mem16,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 1FH Postbyte imm8
Clocks: NOT1
r/m8,CL r/m8,i8 r/m16,CL r/m16,i8
NEC V20: 4/18 5/19 4/18 5/19
----------O-OIO-----------------------------------
OPCODE OIO - Official Undefined Opcode
CPU: Cyrix Cx6x86 (same code on AMD Am5k86)
Logical Form: OIO
Description:
Caused #UD exception
Flags Affected: No Flags Affected
CPU Mode : RM,PM,VM,VME,SMM
Exceptions :
RM PM V86 VME SMM
#UD #UD #UD #UD #UD Undefined Instruction
No more Exceptions
Note :
This instruction caused #UD. AMD guaranteed that in future AMD's
CPUs this instruction will caused #UD. Of course all previous CPUs
(186+) caused #UD on this opcode. This instruction used by software
writers for testing #UD exception servise routine.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : UD
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh FFh
Clocks : UD
8088: Not supported
NEC V20: Not supported
80186: ~int
80286: ~int
80386: ~int
Cx486SLC: ~int
i486: ~int
Cx486DX: ~int
Cx5x86: ~int
Pentium: ~int
Nx5x86: ~int
Cx6x86: ~int
Am5k86: ~int
Pentium Pro: ~int
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----------O-PACKSSDW-------------------------------
OPCODE PACKSSDW - Pack with Signed Saturation dword to word
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PACKSSDW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- SaturateSignedDWordToSignedWord dest[31..0]
dest[31..16] <- SaturateSignedDWordToSignedWord dest[63..32]
dest[47..32] <- SaturateSignedDWordToSignedWord src[31..0]
dest[63..46] <- SaturateSignedDWordToSignedWord src[63..32]
Note: This instruction packs and saturates signed data from src and dest to
dest.
If signed value of word larger or smaller that the range of signed byte
value is saturated (in case of overflow to 7Fh, in underflow to 80h).
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PACKSSDW mm,mm/m64 0FH 6BH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PACKSSWB-------------------------------
OPCODE PACKSSWB - Pack with Signed Saturation word to Byte
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PACKSSWB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte dest[15..0]
dest[15..8] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte dest[31..16]
dest[23..16] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte dest[47..32]
dest[31..24] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte dest[63..48]
dest[39..32] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte src[15..0]
dest[47..40] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte src[31..16]
dest[55..48] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte src[47..32]
dest[63..56] <- SaturateSignedWordToSignedByte src[63..48]
Note: This instruction packs and saturates signed data from src and dest to
dest
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PACKSSWB mm,mm/m64 0FH 63H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PACKUSWB-------------------------------
OPCODE PACKUSWB - Pack with Unsigned Saturation word to Byte
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PACKUSWB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte dest[15..0]
dest[15..8] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte dest[31..16]
dest[23..16] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte dest[47..32]
dest[31..24] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte dest[63..48]
dest[39..32] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte src[15..0]
dest[47..40] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte src[31..16]
dest[55..48] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte src[47..32]
dest[63..56] <- SaturateSignedWordToUnSignedByte src[63..48]
Note: If signed value of word larger or smaller that the range of unsigned
byte, value is saturated (if overflow to FFh, if underflow to 0h).
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PACKUSWB mm,mm/m64 0FH 67H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDB----------------------------------
OPCODE PADDB - Packed Add Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- dest[7..0] + src[7..0]
dest[15..8] <- dest[15..8] + src[15..8]
dest[23..16] <- dest[23..16] + src[23..16]
dest[31..24] <- dest[31..24] + src[31..24]
dest[39..32] <- dest[39..32] + src[39..32]
dest[47..40] <- dest[47..40] + src[47..40]
dest[55..48] <- dest[55..48] + src[55..48]
dest[63..56] <- dest[63..56] + src[63..56]
Note: This instruction adds the bytes of the source to the bytes of the
destination and writes the results to the MMX register.
When the result is too large to be represented in a packed byte
(overflow), the result wraps around and the lower 8 bits are writen to
the destination register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDB mm,mm/m64 0FH FCH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDD----------------------------------
OPCODE PADDD - Packed Add Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDD dest,src
Description:
dest[31..0] <- dest[31..0] + src[31..0]
dest[63..32] <- dest[63..32] + src[63..32]
Note: This instruction adds the dwords of the source to the dwords of the
destination and writes the results to the MMX register.
When the result is too large to be represented in a packed dword
(overflow), the result wraps around and the lower 32 bits are writen to
the destination register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDW mm,mm/m64 0FH FEH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDSB---------------------------------
OPCODE PADDSB - Packed Add with Saturation Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDSB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[7..0] + src[7..0])
dest[15..8] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[15..8] + src[15..8])
dest[23..16] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[23..16] + src[23..16])
dest[31..24] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[31..24] + src[31..24])
dest[39..32] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[39..32] + src[39..32])
dest[47..40] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[47..40] + src[47..40])
dest[55..48] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[55..48] + src[55..48])
dest[63..56] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[63..56] + src[63..56])
Note: This instruction adds the signed bytes of the source to the bytes of
the destination and writes the results to the MMX register.
If the result is larger or smaller than the range of a signed byte,
the value is saturated (in the case of a overflow - to 7FH, and in the
case of an underflow - to 80H).
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDSB mm,mm/m64 0FH ECH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDSW---------------------------------
OPCODE PADDSW - Packed Add with Saturation Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDSW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[15..0] + src[15..0])
dest[31..16] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[31..16] + src[31..16])
dest[47..32] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[47..32] + src[47..32])
dest[63..48] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[63..48] + src[63..48])
Note: This instruction adds the signed words of the source to the words of
the destination and writes the results to the MMX register.
If the result is larger or smaller than the range of a signed word,
the value is saturated (in the case of a overflow - to 7FFFH, and in
the case of an underflow - to 8000H).
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDSW mm,mm/m64 0FH EDH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDUSB--------------------------------
OPCODE PADDUSB - Packed Add Unsigned with Saturation Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDUSB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[7..0] + src[7..0])
dest[15..8] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[15..8] + src[15..8])
dest[23..16] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[23..16] + src[23..16])
dest[31..24] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[31..24] + src[31..24])
dest[39..32] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[39..32] + src[39..32])
dest[47..40] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[47..40] + src[47..40])
dest[55..48] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[55..48] + src[55..48])
dest[63..56] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[63..56] + src[63..56])
Note: This instruction adds the unsigned bytes of the source to the
unsigned bytes of the destination operand and writes the results to the
MMX register.
When the result is larger than the range of an unsigned byte
(overflow), the value is saturated to FFH. When the result is smaller
than the range of an unsigned byte (underflow), the value is saturated
to 00H.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDUSB mm,mm/m64 0FH DCH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDUSW--------------------------------
OPCODE PADDUSW - Packed Add Unsigned with Saturation Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDUSW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[15..0] + src[15..0])
dest[31..16] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[31..16] + src[31..16])
dest[47..32] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[47..32] + src[47..32])
dest[63..48] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[63..48] + src[63..48])
Note: This instruction adds the unsigned words of the source to the
unsigned words of the destination operand and writes the results to the
MMX register.
When the result is larger than the range of an unsigned word
(overflow), the value is saturated to FFFFH. When the result is smaller
than the range of an unsigned byte (underflow), the value is saturated
to 0000H.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDUSW mm,mm/m64 0FH DDH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PADDW----------------------------------
OPCODE PADDW - Packed Add Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PADDW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- dest[15..0] + src[15..0]
dest[31..16] <- dest[31..16] + src[31..16]
dest[47..32] <- dest[47..32] + src[47..32]
dest[63..48] <- dest[63..48] + src[63..48]
Note: This instruction adds the words of the source to the words of the
destination and writes the results to the MMX register.
When the result is too large to be represented in a packed word
(overflow), the result wraps around and the lower 16 bits are writen to
the destination register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PADDW mm,mm/m64 0FH FDH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PAND-----------------------------------
OPCODE PAND - Bitwise Logical And
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PAND dest,src
Description:
dest <- dest AND src
Note: AND 64 bits from MMXregister/memory to MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PAND mm,mm/m64 0FH DBH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PANDN----------------------------------
OPCODE PANDN - Bitwise Logical And Not
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PANDN dest,src
Description:
dest <- (NOT dest) AND src
Note: Invert the 64 bits in MMX register, AND inverted MMX register with
MMXregister/memory.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PANDN mm,mm/m64 0FH DFH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PCMPEQB--------------------------------
OPCODE PCMPEQB - Packed Compare for Equal Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PCMPEQB dest,src
Description:
IF dest[7..0] = src[7..0]
THEN
dest[7..0] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[7..0] <- 00H
IF dest[15..8] = src[15..8]
THEN
dest[15..8] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[15..8] <- 00H
IF dest[23..16] = src[23..16]
THEN
dest[23..16] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[23..16] <- 00H
IF dest[31..24] = src[31..24]
THEN
dest[31..24] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[31..24] <- 00H
IF dest[39..32] = src[39..32]
THEN
dest[39..32] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[39..32] <- 00H
IF dest[47..40] = src[47..40]
THEN
dest[47..40] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[47..40] <- 00H
IF dest[55..48] = src[55..48]
THEN
dest[55..48] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[55..48] <- 00H
IF dest[63..56] = src[63..56]
THEN
dest[63..56] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[63..56] <- 00H
Note: Compare packed byte in MMXregister/memory with packed byte in MMX
register for equality.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PCMPEQB mm,mm/m64 0FH 74H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PCMPEQD--------------------------------
OPCODE PCMPEQD - Packed Compare for Equal Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PCMPEQD dest,src
Description:
IF dest[31..0] = src[31..0]
THEN
dest[31..0] <- FFFFFFFFH
ELSE
dest[31..0] <- 00000000H
IF dest[63..32] = src[63..32]
THEN
dest[63..32] <- FFFFFFFFH
ELSE
dest[63..32] <- 00000000H
Note: Compare packed dword in MMXregister/memory with packed dword in MMX
register for equality.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PCMPEQW mm,mm/m64 07H 76H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PCMPEQW--------------------------------
OPCODE PCMPEQW - Packed Compare for Equal Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PCMPEQW dest,src
Description:
IF dest[15..0] = src[15..0]
THEN
dest[15..0] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[15..0] <- 0000H
IF dest[31..16] = src[31..16]
THEN
dest[31..16] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[31..16] <- 0000H
IF dest[47..32] = src[47..32]
THEN
dest[47..32] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[47..32] <- 0000H
IF dest[63..48] = src[63..48]
THEN
dest[63..48] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[63..48] <- 0000H
Note: Compare packed word in MMXregister/memory with packed word in MMX
register for equality.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PCMPEQW mm,mm/m64 07H 75H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PCMPGTB--------------------------------
OPCODE PCMPGTB - Packed Compare for Greater Than Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PCMPGTB dest,src
Description:
IF dest[7..0] > src[7..0]
THEN
dest[7..0] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[7..0] <- 00H
IF dest[15..8] > src[15..8]
THEN
dest[15..8] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[15..8] <- 00H
IF dest[23..16] > src[23..16]
THEN
dest[23..16] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[23..16] <- 00H
IF dest[31..24] > src[31..24]
THEN
dest[31..24] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[31..24] <- 00H
IF dest[39..32] > src[39..32]
THEN
dest[39..32] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[39..32] <- 00H
IF dest[47..40] > src[47..40]
THEN
dest[47..40] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[47..40] <- 00H
IF dest[55..48] > src[55..48]
THEN
dest[55..48] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[55..48] <- 00H
IF dest[63..56] > src[63..56]
THEN
dest[63..56] <- FFH
ELSE
dest[63..56] <- 00H
Note: Compare packed byte in MMX register with packed byte in MMXregister/
/memory for greater value.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PCMPGTB mm,mm/m64 0FH 64H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PCMPGTD--------------------------------
OPCODE PCMPGTD - Packed Compare for Greater Than Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PCMPGTD dest,src
Description:
IF dest[31..0] > src[31..0]
THEN
dest[31..0] <- FFFFFFFFH
ELSE
dest[31..0] <- 00000000H
IF dest[63..32] > src[63..32]
THEN
dest[63..32] <- FFFFFFFFH
ELSE
dest[63..32] <- 00000000H
Note: Compare packed dword in MMX register with packed dword in MMXregister/
/memory for greater value.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PCMPGTW mm,mm/m64 0FH 66H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PCMPGTW--------------------------------
OPCODE PCMPGTW - Packed Compare for Greater Than Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PCMPGTW dest,src
Description:
IF dest[15..0] > src[15..0]
THEN
dest[15..0] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[15..0] <- 0000H
IF dest[31..16] > src[31..16]
THEN
dest[31..16] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[31..16] <- 0000H
IF dest[47..32] > src[47..32]
THEN
dest[47..32] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[47..32] <- 0000H
IF dest[63..48] > src[63..48]
THEN
dest[63..48] <- FFFFH
ELSE
dest[63..48] <- 0000H
Note: Compare packed word in MMX register with packed word in MMXregister/
memory for greater value.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PCMPGTW mm,mm/m64 0FH 65H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PMADDWD--------------------------------
OPCODE PMADDWD - Packed Multiply and Add Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PMADDWD dest,src
Description:
dest[31..0] <- dest[15..0] * src[15..0] + dest[31..16] * src[31..16]
dest[63..32] <- dest[47..32] * src[47..32] + dest[63..48] * src[63..48]
Note: Multiply the packed word in MMX register by the packed word in
MMXregister/memory. Add the 32-bit results pairwise and store in MMX
register as dword.
This instruction wraps around to 80000000H only when all four words
of both the source and destination operands are 8000H.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PMADDWD mm,mm/m64 0FH F5H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PMULHW---------------------------------
OPCODE PMULHW - Packed Multiply High by Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PMULHW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- (dest[15..0] * src[15..0]) (31..16)
dest[31..16] <- (dest[31..16] * src[31..16]) (31..16)
dest[47..32] <- (dest[47..32] * src[47..32]) (31..16)
dest[63..48] <- (dest[63..48] * src[63..48]) (31..16)
Note: Multiply the signed packed word in MMX register with the signed
packed word in MMXregister/memory, then store the high-order 16 bits of
the results in MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PMULHW mm,mm/m64 0FH E5H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PMULLW---------------------------------
OPCODE PMULLW - Packed Multiply Low by Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PMULLW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- (dest[15..0] * src[15..0]) (15..0)
dest[31..16] <- (dest[31..16] * src[31..16]) (15..0)
dest[47..32] <- (dest[47..32] * src[47..32]) (15..0)
dest[63..48] <- (dest[63..48] * src[63..48]) (15..0)
Note: Multiply the packed word in MMX register with the packed word in
MMXregister/memory, then store the low-order 16 bits of the results in
MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PMULLW mm,mm/m64 0FH D5H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-POR------------------------------------
OPCODE POR - Bitwise Logical Or
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: POR dest,src
Description:
dest <- dest OR src
Note: OR 64 bits from MMXregister/memory with MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
POR mm,mm/m64 0FH EBH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSLLD----------------------------------
OPCODE PSLLD - Packed Shift Left Logical Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSLLD dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest[31..0] <- dest[31..0] << temp
dest[63..32] <- dest[63..32] << temp
Note: Shift dwords in MMX register left by Imm8 or amount specified in MMX
register/memory, while shifting in zeros.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSLLD mm,mm/m64 0FH F2H PostByte
PSLLD mm,Imm8 0FH 72H/6 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSLLQ----------------------------------
OPCODE PSLLQ - Packed Shift Left Logical Qwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSLLQ dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest <- dest << temp
Note: Shift MMX register left by Imm8 or amount specified in MMXregister/
/memory, while shifting in zeros.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSLLQ mm,mm/m64 0FH F3H PostByte
PSLLQ mm,Imm8 0FH 73H/6 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSLLW----------------------------------
OPCODE PSLLW - Packed Shift Left Logical Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSLLW dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest[15..0] <- dest[15..0] << temp
dest[31..16] <- dest[31..16] << temp
dest[47..32] <- dest[47..32] << temp
dest[63..48] <- dest[63..48] << temp
Note: Shift words in MMX register left by Imm8 or amount specified in MMX
register/memory, while shifting in zeros.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSLLW mm,mm/m64 0FH F1H PostByte
PSLLW mm,Imm8 0FH 71H/6 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSRAD----------------------------------
OPCODE PSRAD - Packed Shift Right Arithmetic Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSRAD dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest[31..0] <- SignExtend(dest[31..0]) >> temp
dest[63..32] <- SignExtend(dest[63..32]) >> temp
Note: Shift dwords in MMX register right by Imm8 or amount specified in MMX
register/memory, while shifting in sign bits.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSRAD mm,mm/m64 0FH E2H PostByte
PSRAD mm,Imm8 0FH 72H/4 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSRAW----------------------------------
OPCODE PSRAW - Packed Shift Right Arithmetic Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSRAW dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest[15..0] <- SignExtend(dest[15..0]) >> temp
dest[31..16] <- SignExtend(dest[31..16]) >> temp
dest[47..32] <- SignExtend(dest[47..32]) >> temp
dest[63..48] <- SignExtend(dest[63..48]) >> temp
Note: Shift words in MMX register right by Imm8 or amount specified in MMX
register/memory, while shifting in sign bits.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSRAW mm,mm/m64 0FH E1H PostByte
PSRAW mm,Imm8 0FH 71H/4 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSRLD----------------------------------
OPCODE PSRLD - Packed Shift Right Logical Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSRLD dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest[31..0] <- dest[31..0] >> temp
dest[63..32] <- dest[63..32] >> temp
Note: Shift dwords in MMX register right by Imm8 or amount specified in MMX
register/memory, while shifting in zeros.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSRLD mm,mm/m64 0FH D2H PostByte
PSRLD mm,Imm8 0FH 72H/2 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSRLQ----------------------------------
OPCODE PSRLQ - Packed Shift Right Logical Qwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSRLQ dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest <- dest >> temp
Note: Shift MMX register right by Imm8 or amount specified in MMXregister/
/memory, while shifting in zeros.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSRLQ mm,mm/m64 0FH D3H PostByte
PSRLQ mm,Imm8 0FH 73H/2 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSRLW----------------------------------
OPCODE PSRLW - Packed Shift Right Logical Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSRLW dest,src
Description:
temp <- src
dest[15..0] <- dest[15..0] >> temp
dest[31..16] <- dest[31..16] >> temp
dest[47..32] <- dest[47..32] >> temp
dest[63..48] <- dest[63..48] >> temp
Note: Shift words in MMX register right by Imm8 or amount specified in MMX
register/memory, while shifting in zeros.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSRLW mm,mm/m64 0FH D1H PostByte
PSRLW mm,Imm8 0FH 71H/2 PostByte ImmData
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBB----------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBB - Packed Subtract Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- dest[7..0] - src[7..0]
dest[15..8] <- dest[15..8] - src[15..8]
dest[23..16] <- dest[23..16] - src[23..16]
dest[31..24] <- dest[31..24] - src[31..24]
dest[39..32] <- dest[39..32] - src[39..32]
dest[47..40] <- dest[47..40] - src[47..40]
dest[55..48] <- dest[55..48] - src[55..48]
dest[63..56] <- dest[63..56] - src[63..56]
Note: This instruction subtract packed byte in MMXregister/memory from
packed byte in MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBB mm,mm/m64 0FH F8H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBD----------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBD - Packed Subtract Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBD dest,src
Description:
dest[31..0] <- dest[31..0] - src[31..0]
dest[63..32] <- dest[63..48] - src[63..32]
Note: This instruction subtract packed dword in MMXregister/memory from
packed dword in MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBD mm,mm/m64 0FH FAH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBSB---------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBSB - Packed Subtract with Saturation Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBSB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[7..0] - src[7..0])
dest[15..8] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[15..8] - src[15..8])
dest[23..16] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[23..16] - src[23..16])
dest[31..24] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[31..24] - src[31..24])
dest[39..32] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[39..32] - src[39..32])
dest[47..40] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[47..40] - src[47..40])
dest[55..48] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[55..48] - src[55..48])
dest[63..56] <- SaturateToSignedByte(dest[63..56] - src[63..56])
Note: This instruction subtract signed packed byte in MMXregister/memory
from signed packed byte in MMX register and saturate.
If the result is larger or smaller than the range of a signed byte,
the value is saturated; in the case of an overflow - to 7FH, and the
case of an underflow - to 80H
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBSB mm,mm/m64 0FH E8H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBSW---------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBSW - Packed Subtract with Saturation Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBSW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[15..0] - src[15..0])
dest[31..16] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[31..16] - src[31..16])
dest[47..32] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[47..32] - src[47..32])
dest[63..48] <- SaturateToSignedWord(dest[63..48] - src[63..48])
Note: This instruction subtract signed packed word in MMXregister/memory
from signed packed word in MMX register and saturate.
If the result is larger or smaller than the range of a signed word,
the value is saturated; in the case of an overflow - to 7FFFH, and the
case of an underflow - to 8000H
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBSW mm,mm/m64 0FH E9H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBUSB--------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBUSB - Packed Subtract Unsigned with Saturation Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBUSB dest,src
Description:
dest[7..0] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[7..0] - src[7..0])
dest[15..8] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[15..8] - src[15..8])
dest[23..16] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[23..16] - src[23..16])
dest[31..24] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[31..24] - src[31..24])
dest[39..32] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[39..32] - src[39..32])
dest[47..40] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[47..40] - src[47..40])
dest[55..48] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[55..48] - src[55..48])
dest[63..56] <- SaturateToUnsignedByte(dest[63..56] - src[63..56])
Note: This instruction subtract unsigned packed byte in MMXregister/memory
from unsigned packed byte in MMX register and saturate.
If the result element is less than zero (a negative value), it is
saturated to 00H
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBUSB mm,mm/m64 0FH D8H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBUSW--------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBUSW - Packed Subtract Unsigned with Saturation Bytes
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBUSW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[15..0] - src[15..0])
dest[31..16] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[31..16] - src[31..16])
dest[47..32] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[47..32] - src[47..32])
dest[63..48] <- SaturateToUnsignedWord(dest[63..48] - src[63..48])
Note: This instruction subtract unsigned packed word in MMXregister/memory
from unsigned packed word in MMX register and saturate.
If the result element is less than zero (a negative value), it is
saturated to 0000H
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBUSW mm,mm/m64 0FH D9H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PSUBW----------------------------------
OPCODE PSUBW - Packed Subtract Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PSUBW dest,src
Description:
dest[15..0] <- dest[15..0] - src[15..0]
dest[31..16] <- dest[31..16] - src[31..16]
dest[47..32] <- dest[47..32] - src[47..32]
dest[63..48] <- dest[63..48] - src[63..48]
Note: This instruction subtract packed word in MMXregister/memory from
packed word in MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PSUBW mm,mm/m64 0FH F9H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PUNPCKHBW------------------------------
OPCODE PUNPCKHBW - Unpack High Bytes to Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PUNPCKHBW dest,src
Description:
dest[63..56] <- src[63..56]
dest[55..48] <- dest[63..56]
dest[47..40] <- src[55..48]
dest[39..32] <- dest[55..48]
dest[31..24] <- src[47..40]
dest[23..16] <- dest[47..40]
dest[15..8] <- src[39..32]
dest[7..0] <- dest[39..32]
Note: This instruction unpack and interleave the high-order data elements
of the destination and source operands into the destination operand.
The low-order data elements are ignored.
When unpacking from a memory operand, the full 64-bit operand is
accessed from memory. The instruction uses only the high-order 32 bits.
If the source operand is all zeros, the result is a zero extension of
the high-order elements of the destination operand. When using
PUNPCKHBW instruction the bytes are zero extended, or unpacked into
unsigned words.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PUNPCKHBW mm,mm/m64 0FH 68H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PUNPCKHDQ------------------------------
OPCODE PUNPCKHDQ - Unpack High Dwords to Qwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PUNPCKHDQ dest,src
Description:
dest[63..32] <- src[63..32]
dest[31..0] <- dest[63..32]
Note: This instruction unpack and interleave the high-order data elements
of the destination and source operands into the destination operand.
The low-order data elements are ignored.
When unpacking from a memory operand, the full 64-bit operand is
accessed from memory. The instruction uses only the high-order 32 bits.
If the source operand is all zeros, the result is a zero extension of
the high-order elements of the destination operand.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PUNPCKHDQ mm,mm/m64 0FH 6AH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PUNPCKHWD------------------------------
OPCODE PUNPCKHWD - Unpack High Words to Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PUNPCKHWD dest,src
Description:
dest[63..56] <- src[63..48]
dest[47..32] <- dest[63..48]
dest[31..16] <- src[47..32]
dest[15..0] <- dest[47..32]
Note: This instruction unpack and interleave the high-order data elements
of the destination and source operands into the destination operand.
The low-order data elements are ignored.
When unpacking from a memory operand, the full 64-bit operand is
accessed from memory. The instruction uses only the high-order 32 bits.
If the source operand is all zeros, the result is a zero extension of
the high-order elements of the destination operand. When using
PUNPCKHWD instruction the words are zero extended, or unpacked into
unsigned doublewords.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PUNPCKHWD mm,mm/m64 0FH 69H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PUNPCKLBW------------------------------
OPCODE PUNPCKLBW - Unpack Low Bytes to Words
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PUNPCKLBW dest,src
Description:
dest[63..56] <- src[31..24]
dest[55..48] <- dest[31..24]
dest[47..40] <- src[23..16]
dest[39..32] <- dest[23..16]
dest[31..24] <- src[15..8]
dest[23..16] <- dest[15..8]
dest[15..8] <- src[7..0]
dest[7..0] <- dest[7..0]
Note: This instruction unpack and interleave the low-order data elements
of the destination and source operands into the destination operand.
The high-order data elements are ignored.
When the source data comes from 64-bit registers, the upper 32 bits
are ignored.
When unpacking from a memory operand, only 32 bits are accessed. The
instruction uses all 32 bits.
If the source operand is all zeros, the result is a zero extension of
the low-order elements of the destination operand. When using
PUNPCKLBW instruction the bytes are zero extended, or unpacked into
unsigned words.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PUNPCKLBW mm,mm/m32 0FH 60H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PUNPCKLDQ------------------------------
OPCODE PUNPCKLDQ - Unpack Low Dwords to Qwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PUNPCKLDQ dest,src
Description:
dest[63..32] <- src[31..0]
dest[31..0] <- dest[31..0]
Note: This instruction unpack and interleave the low-order data elements
of the destination and source operands into the destination operand.
When the source data comes from 64-bit registers, the upper 32 bits
are ignored.
When unpacking from a memory operand, only 32 bits are accessed. The
instruction uses all 32 bits.
If the source operand is all zeros, the result is a zero extension of
the low-order elements of the destination operand.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PUNPCKLDQ mm,mm/m32 0FH 62H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PUNPCKLWD------------------------------
OPCODE PUNPCKLWD - Unpack Low Words to Dwords
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PUNPCKLWD dest,src
Description:
dest[63..48] <- src[31..16]
dest[47..32] <- dest[31..16]
dest[31..16] <- src[15..0]
dest[15..0] <- dest[15..0]
Note: This instruction unpack and interleave the low-order data elements
of the destination and source operands into the destination operand.
When the source data comes from 64-bit registers, the upper 32 bits
are ignored.
When unpacking from a memory operand, only 32 bits are accessed. The
instruction uses all 32 bits.
If the source operand is all zeros, the result is a zero extension of
the low-order elements of the destination operand. When using
PUNPCKLWD instruction the words are zero extended, or unpacked into
unsigned doublewords.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PUNPCKLWD mm,mm/m32 0FH 61H PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-PXOR-----------------------------------
OPCODE PXOR - Bitwise Logical Exclusive OR
CPU: all which supported IA MMX:
Pentium (P55C only), Pentium (tm) Pro (P6) future models
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: PXOR dest,src
Description:
dest <- dest XOR src
Note: XOR 64 bits from MMXregister/memory to MMX register.
Flags affected: None
Exceptions:
RM PM VM SMM Description
#GP(0) If Illegal memory operand's EA in CS,DS,ES,FS,GS
#SS(0) If illegal memory operand's EA in SS
#PF(fcode) If page fault
#AC #AC If unaligned memory reference then alignment
check enabled and in ring 3.
#UD #UD #UD #UD If CR0.EM = 1
#NM #NM #NM #NM If CR0.TS = 1
#MF #MF #MF #MF If pending FPU Exception
#13 #13 If any part of the the operand lies outside of
the EA space from 0 to FFFFH
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
PXOR mm,mm/m64 0FH EFH PostByte
P55C: n/a
future P6: n/a
----------O-RDMSR----------------------------------
OPCODE RDMSR - Read From Model Specified Register
CPU: Pentium (tm), IBM 386SLC,486SLC,486SLC2
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RDMSR
Description:
IF (ECX is valid number of MSR) and (CPL=0) THEN
{
EDX:EAX <- MSR [ECX];
}
ELSE
{
General Protection Fault INT 0DH (0)
}
END
Valid number Of MSR is:
Pentium: 0-2,4-0Eh,10h-13h
IBM 486SLC2: 1000H-1002H
IBM 386SLC: 1000H-1001H
IBM 486SLC: 1000H-1001H
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM0,SMM
Physical Form: RDMSR
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 32H
Clocks: Pentium : 20-24
Note: The MSR # 3,0fh and >13h are reserved on Pentium.
Do not execute RDMSR/WRMSR with this values.
Register Description
MSR 0 is Machine check Exception Address register (Read only)
(Pentium,Am5k86,Pentium Pro,Am5k86)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved
31..0 Machine Check Phisical Address
Note: Am6k86 (K6) not support machine check, it support
only read/write in this register as in GPRs, and set this
MSR after RESET to 0.
MSR 1 is Machine Check Type register (Read Only)
(Pentium,Am5k86,Pentium Pro,Am6k86)
bits Description
63..5 Reserved
5 FERI (Fun Error Indicator)
(Pentium OverDrive Only)
initialazed after RESET as 0. If temperature
of CHIP > ~75'C then set this bit to 1 and this
bit still will 1 before Next RESET.
This bit used FANMONIT.EXE utility shipped with
PODP5V.
4 LOCK
=1 if bus cycle called Machine Check was Locked
=0 if --//-- not locked (normal)
3 M/IO# \
2 D/C# State of output pins in bus cycle called
1 W/R# / Machine check
0 CHK (Check)
=1 after last read MSR 1 was Machine Check
Note: This bit Clearing on reading
Note: Am6k86 (K6) not support machine check, it support
only read/write in this register as in GPRs, and set this
MSR after RESET to 0.
Note: Pentium OverDrive difference
5 FERI (Fun Error Indicator)
initialazed after RESET as 0. If temperature
of CHIP > ~75'C then set this bit to 1 and this
bit still will 1 before Next RESET.
This bit used FANMONIT.EXE utility shipped with
PODP5V.
MSR 2h is Test Register 1 (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
Parity Reversal Register (PRR)
bits Description
63..14 Reserved (should be zero)
13 MC (Microcode Parity Error)
12 DTD (data TLB data error)
11 DTT (data TLB tag error)
10 DD (data cache data)
9 DT (data cache tag)
8 ITD (instruction TLB data error)
7 ITT (instruction TLB tag error)
6 ID3 (data cache odd bits (255, ..., 129) error)
5 ID2 (data cache even bits (254,..., 128) error)
4 ID1 (data cache odd bits (127, ..., 1) error)
3 ID0 (data cache even bits (126, ..., 0) error)
2 IT (instruction cache TAG)
1 NS (No shutdown)
If = 0 On parity errors set PRR.PES, assert IERR#
and shutdown.
If =1 On parity error set PRR.PES and assert
IERR#
0 PES (Parity Error Summary)
If =1 Parity Error
If =0 Never Parity error
Note: bits 13..2, if bit=1 it means that error joined with
this bit present.
MSR 3h is Reserved (Do not Accessed it)
MSR 4h is Test Register 2 (TR 2) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(Instruction Cache End bits TR)
bits Description
63..4 Reserved (should be zero)
3..0 End Bits
Note: each bit of End bit correspond to one byte of
instruction in TR3 during code testability access.
I.c. line size = 32 bytes, 8 accesses are needed for
read/write the end bits of cache line.
Each of this bits indicated an instruction boundarues
If given byte is last byte of instruction then bit
joined with this byte =1.
Then new line writting into cache all ends bits =1,
when line decoding setting bits to 0, except last byte
of instruction.
MSR 5h is Test Register 3 (TR 3) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(Cache test Data)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved (should be zero)
31..0 Data Reading/Writing from/to {code/data} cache
MSR 6h is Test Register 4 (TR 4) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(Cache Test Tag)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved (should be zero)
31..8 Cache Tag [35:12]
7..3 Reserved (should be zero)
2 LRU (Last Resently Used)
Contain way joined with readed/writed cache line
1..0 VALID
Contain Valid Status Information
[Code Cache (TR5.CD=0)]:
VALID[1] VALID[0] Description
x 0 Code cache line is invalid
x 1 Code cache line is valid
[Data Cache (TR5.CD=1)]:
VALID[1] VALID[0] Description
0 0 Data cache line is invalid
0 1 Data cache line is shared
1 0 Data cache line is exclusive
1 1 Data cache line is modified
MSR 7h is Test Register 5 (TR 5) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(Cache Test Control)
bits Description
63..15 Reserved (should be zero)
14 WB (Write-back)
If = 0 Write-throught
If = 1 Write-back
see also TR5.CNTRL
13 CD (Code/Data)
Select Code/Data cache for test operation
If = 0 Code cache select
If = 1 Data cache select
12 ENTRY
Specify cache Way
11..5 SET
Cache Set Number (for Write/then read)
4..2 BUFFER SELECT
Select one of 8 (4byte) part of cache line
1..0 CNTRL (Control)
CNTRL[1] CNTRL[0] Description
0 0 Normal Operation Mode
0 1 Testability Write
1 0 Testability Read
1 1 Flush
Note: Flush actions depends on TR7.WB:
TR7.CD TR7.WB Description
0 x Invalidate code cache line
1 0 Invalidate data cache line, no WB,
if modified
1 1 Invalidate data cache line, WB,
if modified
MSR 8h is Test Register 6 (TR 6) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(TLB Command Test Register)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved (should be zero)
31..12 LINEAR ADDRESS
11 V (Valid)
If = 1 valid TLB entry
If = 0 invalid TLB entry
10 D (Dirty)
If = 1 page was write-accessed
If = 0 page never was write-accessed
9 U (User Mode)
If = 0 page may accessed at PL=0,1,2,3
If = 1 PL=0 access allowed
8 W (Writable)
If = 0 Read only page
If = 1 Read/Write page
7..3 Reserved (should be zero)
2 PS (Page Size)
If = 0 4KB page
If = 1 4MB page
1 CD (Code/Data TLB)
If = 0 Code TLB
If = 1 Data TLB
0 OP (Operation)
If = 0 TLB Write
If = 1 TLB Read
MSR 9h is Test Register 7 (TR 7) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(TLB Test Physical Address)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved (should be zero)
31..12 PHYSICAL ADDRESS
11 PCD (Page Cache Disable)
10 PWT (Page Write-Throught)
9..7 LRU (TLB LRU)
6..5 Reserved (should be zero)
4 H (Hit Indicator)
If we want write into TLB, set this bit to 1.
If read, then if linear address found in TLB
this bit set to 1, otherwize to 0.
3..2 ENTRY
One of 4 TLB ways where to write, or where found
linear address if read.
1..0 Reserved (should be zero)
MSR Ah is Reserved (Do not Accessed it)
MSR Bh is Test Register 9 (TR 9) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(BTB Test Tag Register)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved (should be zero)
31..8 TAG ADDRESS
7..2 Reserved (should be zero)
1..0 HISTORY
History is state of current branch
MSR Ch is Test Register 10 (TR 10) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
(BTB Test Target Register)
bits Description
63..32 Reserved (should be zero)
31..0 TARGET ADDRESS
MSR Dh is Test Register 11 (TR 11) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
bits Description
63..12 Reserved (should be zero)
11..8 BTB SET
Select one of 64 set to access
7..4 Reserved (should be zero)
3..2 ENTRY
select BTB way
1..0 CNTL
Command to Test BTB
CNTL[1] CNTL[0] Description
0 0 Normal Operating Mode
0 1 Testability Write
1 0 Testability Read
1 1 Flush
MSR Eh is Test Register 12 (TR 12) (Read/Write)
(Pentium,Am6k86)
(New Feature Control)
bits Description
63..3 Reserved (should be zero)
3 CI (Cache Inhibit)
if =0 chip operated normally
=1 then all cache line fill are inhibited,
and bus cycles due to cache misses are
run as single-transfer cycles
2 SE (Single-Pipe Execution)
If =0 instruction executed in U and V pipes.
=1 instruction executed only in U pipe
1 TR (Tracing Control)
After reset clear to zero.
This bit enable/disable special branch trace
message cycle which generating when BTB hit.
=0 disable
=1 enable
0 NBP (No Branch prediction)
If = 1 Disable Allocated entryes in BTB
If = 0 Enable
Note: Am6k86 support only CI bit.
MSR Fh is Reserved (Not use it)
MSR 10h is Time Stamp Counter (TSC) (Read/Write)
(Pentium,Am5k86,Pentium Pro,Cx6x86MX,Am6k86)
Time Stamp Counter (as all other MSRs) is clearing to 0 when
RESET pin shutdown and unchanged when INIT pin shutdown.
TSC is incremented every CPU core clock cycle.
MSR 11h is Control/Event Select Register (CESR) (Read/Write)
(Pentium)
Init value after reset = 00000000000000000h
bits Description
63..26 Reserved
25 PC1 (Pin Control, counter #1)
If =0 counter # 1 has incremented
If =1 counter # 1 has overflowed
24..22 CC1 (Counter #1 Control)
CC[2] CC[1] CC[0] Description
0 0 0 Counting nothing
0 0 1 Counting events while in PL=0,1,2
0 1 0 Counting events while in PL =3
0 1 1 Counting events in any PL
1 0 0 Counting nothing
1 0 1 Counting clocks (like TSC) in PL=0..2
1 1 0 Counting clocks in PL=3
1 1 1 Counting clocks at any PL
21..16 ES1 (Event Select, counter # 1)
(see below)
15..10 Reserved
9 PC0 (see PC1 for description)
8..6 CC0 (see CC1 for description
5..0 ES0 (Event select, counter # 0)
Event Type for ES
Value Event Type
00h Data Read
01h Data Write
02h Data TLB miss
03h Data Read Miss
04h Data Write miss
05h Write hit to Modified or Exclusive Cacheline
06h Data cache lines written back
07h Data cache snoops
08h Data cache snoops hit
09h Memory access in both pipes
0Ah Data bank access conflict
0Bh Misaligned data memory references
0Ch Code read
0Dh Code TLB miss
0Eh Code cache miss
0Fh Any segment register load
10h Segment descriptor cache accessed
11h Segment descriptor cache hit
12h Branches
13h BTB hit
14h Taken branch or BTB hit
15h Pipeline flushes
16h Instructions executed
17h Instruction executed in V pipes
18h Bus utilization
19h Pipeline stalled by write backups
1Ah Pipeline stalled by data memory read
1Bh Pipeline stalled by write to M or E line
1Ch Locked bus cycle
1Dh I/O cycle
1Eh Noncachable memory references
1Fh Pipeline stalled by AGI
20h-21h Reserved
22h FP operations
23h Breakpoint 0 match
24h Breakpoint 1 match
25h Breakpoint 2 match
26h Breakpoint 3 match
27h Hardware interrupt
28h Data read or data write
29h Data read/write miss
2Ah-3Fh Reserved
MSR 11h is Counter/Event Select
(Cyrix Cx6x86MX)
bits Description
63..27 Reserved
26 TC1 (Event Type 1, high bit)
25 PC1 (Pin Control, counter #1)
If =0 counter # 1 has incremented
If =1 counter # 1 has overflowed
24..22 CC1 (Counter #1 Control)
CC[2] CC[1] CC[0] Description
0 0 0 Counting nothing
0 0 1 Counting events while in PL=0,1,2
0 1 0 Counting events while in PL =3
0 1 1 Counting events in any PL
1 0 0 Counting nothing
1 0 1 Counting clocks (like TSC) in PL=0..2
1 1 0 Counting clocks in PL=3
1 1 1 Counting clocks at any PL
21..16 TC1 (Event Select, counter # 1)
(see below)
15..11 Reserved
10 TC0 (Type of Event, high bit)
9 PC0 (see PC1 for description)
8..6 CC0 (see CC1 for description
5..0 TC0 (Event select, counter # 0)
Event Type for ES
Value Event Type
00h Data Read
01h Data Write
02h Data TLB miss
03h Data Read : Cache Miss
04h Data Write: Cache miss
05h Write hit to Modified or Exclusive Cacheline
06h Data cache lines written back
07h External Inquires
08h External Inquires what hit
09h Memory access in both pipes
0Ah Cache bank access conflict
0Bh Misaligned data memory references
0Ch Instruction Fetch Requests
0Dh L2 Code TLB miss
0Eh Cache miss: instruction fetch
0Fh Any segment register load
10h reserved
11h reserved
12h Any Branch
13h BTB hit
14h Taken branch or BTB hit
15h Pipeline flushes
16h Instructions executed in both pipes
17h Instruction executed in Y pipes
18h Clocks while bus cycles are in progress
19h Pipeline stalled by full write buffers
1Ah Pipeline stalled by data memory read
1Bh Pipeline stalled by write to !M or !E line
1Ch Locked bus cycle
1Dh I/O cycle
1Eh Noncachable memory references
1Fh Pipeline stalled by AGI
20h-21h Reserved
22h FP operations
23h Breakpoint 0 match
24h Breakpoint 1 match
25h Breakpoint 2 match
26h Breakpoint 3 match
27h Hardware interrupt
28h Data read or data write
29h Data read/write miss
2Bh MMX instruction executed in X pipe (counter 0)
2Bh MMX instruction executed in Y pipe (counter 1)
2Dh EMMS instruction executed (counter 0)
2Dh transition between EMMS and FP instruction
(counter 1)
2Fh saturating MMX instruction Executed (counter 0)
2Fh saturation performed (counter 1)
31h MMX instruction data reads (counter 0)
32h Taken Branchs (counter 1)
37h Returns predict incorrectly (counter 0)
37h Returns predicted (corr+incorr) (counter 1)
38h MMX instruction Multiply Unit Interlock (cnt 0)
38h MOVD/MOVQ stall due to previous operation (cnt 1)
39h Returns (cnt 0)
39h RSB Overflows (cnt 1)
3Ah BTB false entries (cnt 0)
3Ah BTB miss prediction on a not-taken block (cnt 1)
3Bh Clks stalled due to Full Write Buffers While
executing (cnt 0)
3Bh Stall on MMX instructions Write to E or M line
(cnt 1)
40h L2 TLB Misses (Code or Data)
41h L1 TLB Data Misses
42h L1 TLB Code Misses
43h L1 TLB Miss (Code or Data)
44h TLB Flushes
45h TLB Page Invalidates
46h TLB page invalidates that hit
48h Instruction Decoded
MSR 12h is Counter #0 (Read/Write)
(Pentium,Cx6x86MX)
bits Description
63..40 Reserved
39..0 Current counter value
MSR 13h is Counter #1 (Read/Write)
(Pentium,Cx6x86MX)
bits Description
63..40 Reserved
39..0 Current counter value
MSR 1Bh is APIC Base
(Pentium Pro)
bits Description
8 BSP (Boot Strap Processor Indicator Bit)
11 APIC (APIC Global Enable Bit - permanent till reset
Enabled = 1, Disabled = 0.
MSR 2Ah is EBL_CR_POWERON
(Pentium Pro)
bits Description
0 Data Bus error code policy
1 = ECC
0 = Parity
1 Data Error Checking Enable
0 = Disabled
1 = Enabled
2 Response Error Checking Enable
1 = Disabled
0 = Enabled
3 AERR# Drive Enable
1 = Disabled
0 = Enabled
4 BEER# Enable for Initiator bus requests
1 = Disable
0 = Enabled
6 BEER# Enable for initiator internal errors
1 = Disabled
0 = Enable
7 BINIT# Driver Enable
1 = Disabled
0 = Enabled
8 Output Tri-state enabled R
9 Execute BIST R
10 AEER# Observation enable R
12 BINIT# Observation enable R
13 IN Order Queue Depth R
14 1M Power on Reset Vector R
15 FRC Mode Enabled R
17:16 APIC Cluster ID R
21..20 Symmetric Arbitration ID R
24..22 Clock Frequency Ratio R
26 Low Power Enable R
MSR 79h is BIOS_UPDT_TRIG (BIOS Update Trigger register)
(Pentium Pro)
MSR 82h is Array Access Register (AAR)
(Am5k86)
63..32 Array pointer:
31..8 Pointer within array
7..0 Array will be accessed
Array Description
E0h Data cache: data
E1h Data cache: Linear Tag
E4h Code cache: Instruction
E5h Code Cache: Linear Tag
E6h Code Cache: Valid Bits
E7h Code cache: Branch-prediction bits
E8h 4K TLB: Page
E9h 4K TLB: Linear Tag
EAh 4M TLB: Page
EBh 4M TLB: Linear Tag
ECh Data cache: Physical tag
EDh Code cache: Physical Tag
31..0 Array Data
If array = E0h (Data cache: data)
31..0 Data
If array = E1h (Data cache: Linear Tag)
31..26 Reserved (0s)
25 Dirty Bit
24 User/Supervisor
23 R/W
22 0
21 Linear Valid bit
20..0 Tag
If array = E4h (Code cache: Instruction)
31..26 Reserved (0s)
25 Pfix1: Start bit
24 Pfix1: End bit
23 Pfix1: Opcode bit
22..21 Pfix1: Map (ROPs/MROM)
20..13 Byte1
12 Pfix0: Start bit
11 Pfix0: End bit
10 Pfix0: Opcode bit
9..8 Pfix0: Map (ROPs/MROM)
7..0 Byte0
If array = E5h (Code Cache: Linear Tag)
31..20 Reserved(0s)
19..0 linear address 31..12
If array = E6h (Code Cache: Valid Bits)
31..18 Reserved (0s)
17 Linear Tag Valid bit
16 User/Supervisor
15..0 Byte-Valid bits
If array = E7h (Code cache: Branch-prediction bits)
31..19 Reserved (0s)
18 Predicted taken
17..14 Byte offset within block of last byte
of predicted branch instruction
13..12 Column of predicted target
11..4 Index of Predicted Target
3..0 Target Byte
If array = E8h (4K TLB: Page)
31..22 Reserved (0s)
21 PCD bit
20 PWT bit
19..0 Page frame address
If array = E9h (4K TLB: Linear Tag)
31..20 Reserved (0s)
19 Global Valid Bit
18 Dirty
17 U/S
16 R/W
15 Valid
14..0 Tag (virtual address 31..17)
If array = EAh (4M TLB: Page)
31..12 Reserved (0s)
11 PCD bit
10 PWT bit
9..0 Page frame Address
If array = EBh (4M TLB: Linear Tag)
31..15 reserved (0s)
14 Global Valid Bit
13 Dirty Bit
12 U/S
11 R/W
10 Valid bit
9..0 Tag
If array = ECh (Data cache: Physical tag)
31..23 Reserved (0s)
22..21 MESI status
00 = invalid
01 = shared
10 = modified
11 = exclusive
20..0 Tag (Physical Address 31..11)
If array = EDh (Code cache: Physical Tag)
31..21 Reserved(0s)
20 Valid Bit
19..0 Tag (Physical Address 31..12)
Note:
READ DATA:
mov ecx,82h
mov edx,Array Pointer
rdmsr
; in EAX - 32bit data
WRITE DATA:
mov ecx,82h
mov edx,Array Pointer
mov eax,data
wrmsr
MSR 83h is Hardware Configuration register (HWCR)
(Am5k86)
bits Description
63..8 Reserved
7 DDC (Disable Data Cache)
6 DIC (Disable Instruction Cache)
5 DBP (Disable Branch Prediction)
4 Reserved
3..1 Debug Control
000 Off
001 Enable branch trace
100 Enable Probe mode on debug trap
0 DSPC (Disable Stopping Processor Clock)
MSR 85h is Write Allocate Top-of-Memory and Control Register (WATMCR)
(Am5k86 model 1,2,3 with stepping >= 4)
MSR 86h is Write Allocate Programmable Memory Range Register (WAPMRR)
(Am5k86 model 1,2,3 with stepping >= 4)
Note: For more information about MSRs 85h and 86h refer to
"Implementation of Write Allocate in the K86(tm) Processors",
application note, order# 21326, http://www.amd.com
MSR 8Bh is BIOS_SIGN (BIOS Update Signature Register)
(Pentium Pro)
MSR C1h is PERFCTR0 (Perfomance Counter # 0)
(Pentium Pro)
(see MSRs 186h,187h)
MSR C2h is PERFCTR1 (Perfomance Counter # 1)
(Pentium Pro)
(see MSRs 186h,187h)
MSR FEh is MTRRcap
(Pentium Pro)
MSR 179h is MCG_CAP
(Pentium Pro)
MSR 17Ah is MCG_STATUS
(Pentium Pro)
MSR 17Bh is MCG_CTL
(Pentium Pro)
MSR 186h is EVNTSEL0 (Event Select # 0)
(Pentium Pro)
bits Description
7..0 Event number
Value Description
02h SB_FORWARDS Number of store buffers forwards
03h LD_BLOCKS Number of store buffers blocks
05h MISALIGN_MEM_REF
06h SEGMENT_REG_LOADS
number of segment registers loads
28h L2_IFETCH (L2 cache instruction fetch)
29h L2_LD (L2 load request)
2Ah L2_ST (L2 store request)
24h L2_LINES_IN (number of lines, allocated
in L2 and removes)
2Eh L2_RQSTS (L2 all requests)
43h DATA_MEM_REFERENCE (cached and non-cached)
40h DCU_LD (L1 Data Cache unit load req.)
41h DCU_ST (L1 DCU store request)
42h DCU_LOCKS (L1 DCU locked requests)
43h DCU_RQSTS (all L1 request)
49h DTLB_MISS (L1 data TLB misses)
61h BUS_BNR_DRV (number of bus clocks that this
CPU is driving correspodent
fields).
79h CPU_CLK_UNHALTED (number of cycles for which
processor is not halted)
7Ah BUS_HIT_DRV ----------- // --------------
(incl. cycles of snoop stall)
7Bh BUS_HITM_DRV ----------- // --------------
7Eh BUS_SNOOP_STALL (bus clk. for which bus is snoop
stalled).
87h ILD_STALL (number of cycles instruction
length decoder stalled)
85h ITLB_MISS (Number of L1 Instruction TLB
misses)
C0h INST_RETIRED Number of instruction retired
C1h FLOPS
C2h UOPS_RETIRED Number of Uops retired
C4h BR_INST_RETIRED Number of branch instr. retired
C5h BR_MISS_PRED_RETIRED
Number of Mispredicted branch
instruction retired.
C8h HW_INT_RX Hardware interrupts received
D2h PARTIAL_PAT_STALLS
Partial stalls
E6h BACLEARS Number of time BACLEAR asserted
15..8 UMASK (Unit Mask)
Contain event specific qualificator.
16 USR (User)
if = 1 Count events in ring 1,2,3.
17 OS (Operation system mode)
if =1 Count events in ring 0.
18 E (Edge Detect)
Select Occurrence/Duration mode
if = 0 Duration mode
if = 1 Duration mode
19 PC (Pin Control)
Enables signaling counters overflows via PMi pins.
20 INT (APIC Interrupt Enable)
if =1 processor generated exception via local APIC,
when counter overflow.
21 Reserved
22 EN (Enable Counters Flag)
if =1 enable counting perfomance events in both
counters, if = 0 disable in both.
23 INV (Invert Flag)
if =1 reverse result of comparasion with
counter mask.
31..24 Counter mask fields
if <> 0 then CPU compares this value with count of
event, if this count >= mask, counter incremented.
(Need for calculate, for ex: two or more instruction
retired.)
if =0, counter incremented each event
MSR 187h is EVNTSEL1 (Event Select # 1)
(Pentium Pro)
(see description in MSR 187h)
bits Description
7..0 Event number
15..8 UMASK (Unit Mask)
16 USR (User)
17 OS (Operation system mode)
18 E (Edge Detect)
19 PC (Pin Control)
20 INT (APIC Interrupt Enable)
21..22 Reserved (bit 22 reseved !!!!)
23 INV (Invert Flag)
31..24 Counter mask fields
MSR 1D9h is DEBUGCTLMSR (Debbuging Control MSR)
0 Enable/Disable Last Branch Record
1 Branch Trap Flag
5..2 Perfomance Monitoring/Break Point Pins
(Pentium Pro)
6 Enable/Disable Execution Trace Messages
15..14 Enable/Disable Execution Trace Messages
MSR 1DBh is LASTBRANCHFROMIP (Last Branch From IP)
MSR 1DCh is LASTBRANCHTOIP (Last Branch To IP)
MSR 1DDh is LASTINTFROMIP (Last INT From IP)
MSR 1DEh is LASTINTTOIP (Last INT To IP)
MSR 1E0h is ROB_CR_BKUPTMPDR6
2 Fast String Enable Bit
If Enable REP MOVS move 64bit on 1 clk.
Note: Pentium Pro contains also MSRs 200h..20Fh,400h..413h,
250h,258h,259h,268h..26Fh,2FFh.
Note: Updating of this section in progress now.
So full info will be in next version.
Here ended Pentium MSRs and Starting IBM MSRs.
MSR 1000H is Processor Operation Register (IBM only)
(486SLC/486SLC2/386SLC)
bits Description
63..19 Reserved
18 LWPLA (Low Power PLA) (reserved on IBM 386SLC)
17 BUSRD (Bus Read) (reserved on IBM 386SLC)
16 CPGE (Cache Parity Generate Error)
(reserved on IBM 386SLC)
15 ECNPX (Enable cachebility of NPX operands)
14 EPWIA (Enable PWI ADS)
13 ELPWH (Enable Low Power Halt Mode)
12 XTOUT (Extend Out Instruction)
11 CRLD (Cache reload bit)
10 EIKEN (Enable internal KEN#)
9 DSCL (Disable cache Lock Mode)
8 Reserved
7 CE (Cache enable)
6 EDBS (Enable DBCS)
5 EPWI (Enable Power Interrupt)
4 EFSP (Enable Flush Snooping)
3 ENSP (Enable Snoop Input)
2 A20M (Address line 20 Mask)
1 CPCE (Cache Parity Checking Enable)
0 CPE (Cache Parity Error)
MSR 1001H is Cache Region Control Register (IBM only)
( IBM 386SLC/486SLC/486SLC2)
bits description
63..40 Reserved
39..32 Cache Memory Limit (CMLR)
31..16 1st MB Read Only (LMROR)
15..0 1st MB Cachable (LMCR)
MSR 1002H is processor operation register (IBM only)
(IBM 486SLC2 only)
bits description
63..30 Reserved
29 EEDFS (Enable External Dynamic Frequency Shift)
28 DFSRY (Dynamic Frequency Shift Ready)
27 DFSMD (Dynamic Frequency Shift Mode)
26..24 CLKMD (Clock Mode)
=000 x2
=011 x1
23..0 Reserved
MSR C0000080h is EFER (Extended Feature Enable Register)
(Am6k86)
Bits Description
63..1 Reserved
0 SCE (System Call Extension)
if = 1 System call extension enable
(see SYSCALL and SYSRET instructions for more informations
about system call).
MSR C0000081h is STAR (SYSCALL Target Address Register)
(Am6k86)
Bits Description
63..48 Reserved
47..32 CS selector and SS selector base
31..0 Target IP address
MSR C0000082h is WHCR (Write Handling Control Register)
(Am6k86)
Bits Description
63..9 Reserved
8 WCDE (Write Cachebility Detection Enable)
Note: Triton does not support this hardware mechanism,
so clear this bit to 0.
7..1 WAELIM (Write Allocate Enable Limit)
This field multiplied on 4MB defines upper
memory limit. All memory upper this limit will
be acessed w/o write allocate.
0 WAE15M (Write Allocate Enable 15-to-16 Mbyte)
if = 1 enable write allocation on region 15MB-16MB.
for more info refer to "AMD-K6(tm) MMX(tm) Enhanced Processor Data
Sheet", order# 20695, http://www.amd.com
Note: IBM MSRs documented in "486SLC2 (tm) Microprocessor Data Sheet"
(IBM Corp. 1993,Order number: VT05452)
----------O-RDPMC----------------------------------
OPCODE RDPMC - Read Perfomance Monitoring Counters
CPU: Pentium (tm) Pro (P6)
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: RDPMC
Description:
IF ((CPL<>0) AND (CR4.PCE==0))
THEN { INT D (0) ; GENERAL PROTECTION FAULT }
ELSE { EDX:EAX <- PERFOMANCE_MONITORING_REGISTER[ECX] }
Note: Valid ECX values is 0,1.
Invalid ECX values call INT D(0)
Note: CR4.PSE = bit 8 of CR4
Note: Perfomance Monitoring Registers (PMR) are aliases to some Perfomance
Monitoring MSRs:
MSR 12h is Counter #0 (Read/Write) (Perfomance Monitoring Counter # 0)
bits Description
63..40 Reserved
39..0 Current counter value
MSR 13h is Counter #1 (Read/Write) (Perfomance Monitoring Counter # 1)
bits Description
63..40 Reserved
39..0 Current counter value
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
RDPMC 0FH 33H
P6: n/a
----------O-RDSHR----------------------------------
OPCODE RDSHR - Read SMM Header Pointer Register
CPU: Cyrix Cx6x86MX
Type of Instruction: SMM mode only
Instruction: RDSHR dest
Description:
dest <- SMHR (SMM Header pointer Register)
Note: Format of SMHR:
Bits Description
31..2 SMM Header pointer address
1 Reserved
0 (Valid)
if =1, then address valid
Note: SMHR pointed to phisical address SMM space area,
where will be saved non-SMM contex when entered SMM.
Format of SMM Header (for Cx6x86MX):
Address Size Description
(Relative (bit)
to SMH
pointer)
+00 32 DR7
-04h 32 EFLAGS
-08h 32 CR0
-0Ch 32 current EIP
-10h 32 next EIP
-14h 16 CS selector
-16h 16 Reserved
-18h 64 CS descriptor
-20h 16 Context
all reserved , but
22..21 CPL
-22h 16 Context
all reserved, but
15 N (Nested SMI indicator)
if = 1, current SMI serviced from SMM.
13 IS (Internal SMI indicator)
if = 1, current SMI is result of internal SMI
event.
if = 0, current SMI result of external event
4 H (SMI during CPU HALT state indicator)
if = 1, CPU was in halt or shutdown state,
before SMI.
3 S (Software SMM entry indicator)
if = 1, SMM is result of SMINT instruction
2 P (REP INSx/REP OUTSx indicator)
if = 1, current instruction have REP pfix.
1 I (IN,INSx,OUT,OUTx indicator)
if = 1, current instruction perform I/O
read/write
0 C (Code segment writable indicator)
if = 1, current code segment is writable,
if = 0, ---//---- is not writable.
-24h 16 I/O Data Size
-26h 16 I/O Write Address
-28h 32 I/O Write Data
-2Ch 32 ESI or EDI
total size of SMM header = 30h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: SMM
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RDSHR reg/mem32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 36H Postbyte
Clocks Cx6x86MX: n/a
----------O-RDTSC----------------------------------
OPCODE RDTSC - Read From Time Stamp Counter
CPU: Pentium (tm), Pentium Pro, AMD Am5k86
Type of Instruction: System/User
Instruction: RDTSC
Description:
IF (CR4.TSD=0) or ((CR4.TSD=1) and (CPL=0)) THEN
{
EDX:EAX <- TSC;
}
ELSE
{
General Protection Fault INT 0DH (0)
}
END
Note: TSC is one of MSR and after global hardware reset (not SRESET , but
RESET ) it clear to 0000000000000000H.
TSC is MSR index 10h. TSC may set using WRMSR instruction.
TSC incremented every CPU core clock cycle.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM0,SMM
; PM,VM if enable
Physical Form: RDTSC
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 31H
Clocks: Pentium : n/a [20-24]
----------O-REPC-----------------------------------
OPCODE REPC - Repeat While Carry Flag
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: Prefix
Instruction: REPC
Description:
DO
CX=CX-1;
SERVICE_PENDING_INTERRUPT;
STRING_INSTRUCTION;
LOOPWHILE ((CX<>0) AND (CF==1));
Flags Affected: None
CPU Mode: RM 8086
Physical Form: REPC
COP (Code of Operation): 65H
Clocks: NEC V20 : 2
NEC V30 : 2
----------O-REPNC----------------------------------
OPCODE REPNC - Repeat While Not Carry Flag
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: Prefix
Instruction: REPNC
Description:
DO
CX=CX-1;
SERVICE_PENDING_INTERRUPT;
STRING_INSTRUCTION;
LOOPWHILE ((CX<>0) AND (CF<>1));
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM 8086
Physical Form: REPNC
COP (Code of Operation): 64H
Clocks: NEC V20 : 2
NEC V30 : 2
----------O-RES3-----------------------------------
OPCODE RES3 - Restore All CPU Registers
CPU: AMD Am386SXLV, Am386DXLV
Type of Instruction: System Operation
(Work only then CPL=0)
Instruction: RES3
Description:
Load All Registers (Include Shadow Registers) from Table
Which Begin on place pointed ES:EDI
Note:
This instruction is AMD analog Intel's LOADALL instruction
but it's more i.c. return from SMM used this instruction.
Then in SMM table is in SMRAM, then non SMM then table is
in main memory.
Format of RES3 Table:
(Table )
Offset Len Description
0H 4 CR0
4H 4 EFLAGS
8H 4 EIP
CH 4 EDI
10H 4 ESI
14H 4 EBP
18H 4 ESP
1CH 4 EBX
20H 4 EDX
24H 4 ESX
28H 4 EAX
2CH 4 DR6
30H 4 DR7
34H 4 TR (16 bit, zero filled up)
38H 4 LDT ---------
3CH 4 GS ---------
40H 4 FS ---------
44H 4 DS ---------
48H 4 SS ---------
4CH 4 CS ---------
50H 4 ES ---------
54H 4 TSS.attrib
58H 4 TSS.base
5CH 4 TSS.limit
60H 4 Reserved
64H 4 IDT.base
68H 4 IDT.limit
6CH 4 REP OUTS overrun flag
70H 4 GDT.base
74H 4 GDT.limit
78H 4 LDT.attrib
7CH 4 LDT.base
80H 4 LDT.limit
84H 4 GS.attrib
88H 4 GS.base
8CH 4 GS.limit
90H 4 FS.attrib
94H 4 FS.base
98H 4 FS.limit
9CH 4 DS.attrib
A0H 4 DS.base
A4H 4 DS.limit
A8H 4 SS.attrib
ACH 4 SS.base
B0H 4 SS.limit
B4H 4 CS.attrib
B8H 4 CS.base
BCH 4 CS.limit
C0H 4 ES.attrib
C4H 4 ES.base
C8H 4 ES.limit
Unknown Unusable area
100H 4 Temporary register
104H 4 -------------
108H 4 -------------
10CH 4 -------------
110H 4 -------------
114H 4 -------------
118H 4 -------------
11CH 4 -------------
120H 4 -------------
124H 4 Last EIP (Last instruction EIP for Restart)
Format of Attrib field:
Byte Description
0 0s
1 AR (Access Right) byte in the Descriptor format
Note:
P bit is a valid bit
if valid bit=0 then Shadow Register is invalid and
INT 0DH - General Protection Fault call
DPL of SS,CS det. CPL
2-3 0s
Flags Affected: All (FLAGS Register Reload)
CPU mode: RM,PM0,SMM
Physical Form: RES3
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 07H Note: Code is same with Intel's LOADALL
Clocks: Am386SXLV : 366
Am386DXLV : 291
----------O-RES4-----------------------------------
OPCODE RES4 - Restore All CPU Registers
CPU: AMD Am486SXLV, Am486DXLV
Type of Instruction: System Operation
(Work only then CPL=0)
Instruction: RES3
Description:
Load All Registers (Include Shadow Registers) from Table
Which Begin on place pointed ES:EDI
Note:
This instruction is AMD analog Intel's LOADALL instruction
but it's more i.c. return from SMM used this instruction.
Then in SMM table is in SMRAM, then non SMM then table is
in main memory.
Format of RES3 Table:
(Table )
Offset Len Description
0H 4 CR0
4H 4 EFLAGS
8H 4 EIP
CH 4 EDI
10H 4 ESI
14H 4 EBP
18H 4 ESP
1CH 4 EBX
20H 4 EDX
24H 4 ESX
28H 4 EAX
2CH 4 DR6
30H 4 DR7
34H 4 TR (16 bit, zero filled up)
38H 4 LDT ---------
3CH 4 GS ---------
40H 4 FS ---------
44H 4 DS ---------
48H 4 SS ---------
4CH 4 CS ---------
50H 4 ES ---------
54H 4 TSS.attrib
58H 4 TSS.base
5CH 4 TSS.limit
60H 4 Reserved
64H 4 IDT.base
68H 4 IDT.limit
6CH 4 REP OUTS overrun flag
70H 4 GDT.base
74H 4 GDT.limit
78H 4 LDT.attrib
7CH 4 LDT.base
80H 4 LDT.limit
84H 4 GS.attrib
88H 4 GS.base
8CH 4 GS.limit
90H 4 FS.attrib
94H 4 FS.base
98H 4 FS.limit
9CH 4 DS.attrib
A0H 4 DS.base
A4H 4 DS.limit
A8H 4 SS.attrib
ACH 4 SS.base
B0H 4 SS.limit
B4H 4 CS.attrib
B8H 4 CS.base
BCH 4 CS.limit
C0H 4 ES.attrib
C4H 4 ES.base
C8H 4 ES.limit
Unknown Unusable area
100H 4 Temporary register
104H 4 -------------
108H 4 -------------
10CH 4 -------------
110H 4 -------------
114H 4 -------------
118H 4 -------------
11CH 4 -------------
120H 4 -------------
124H 4 Last EIP (Last instruction EIP for Restart)
128H 4 PEIP - Previous SRAM space instruction pointer
12EH 36 Unused
150H 22 Floating Pointer Internal Registers (Am486DXLV)
Format of Attrib field:
Byte Description
0 0s
1 AR (Access Right) byte in the Descriptor format
Note:
P bit is a valid bit
if valid bit=0 then Shadow Register is invalid and
INT 0DH - General Protection Fault call
DPL of SS,CS det. CPL
2-3 0s
Flags Affected: All (FLAGS Register Reload)
CPU mode: RM,PM0,SMM
Physical Form: RES4
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 07H Note: Code is same with Intel's LOADALL
Clocks: Am486SXLV : N/A
----------O-RETRBI---------------------------------
OPCODE RETRBI - Return from Register Bank Context
Switch Interrupt.
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RETRBI
Description:
PC <- Save PC;
PSW <- Save PSW;
Flags Affected: All
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RETRBI
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 91h
Clocks: 12
----------O-RETXA----------------------------------
OPCODE RETXA - Return from Expansion Address
CPU: NEC V33/V53 only
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RETXA int_vector
Description:
[sp-1,sp-2] <- PSW ; PSW EQU FLAGS
[sp-3,sp-4] <- PS ; PS EQU CS
[sp-5,sp-6] <- PC ; PC EQU IP
SP <- SP -6
IE <- 0
BRK <- 0
MD <- 0
PC <- [int_vector*4 +0,+1]
PS <- [int_vector*4 +2,+3]
Disable EA mode.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RETXA imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh F0h imm8
Clocks: 12
----------O-ROL4-----------------------------------
OPCODE ROL4 - Rotate left 4 bits
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: ROL4 dest
Description:
AL dest
bits 7 4 3 0 7 4 3 0
------------- -------------
| | o <--------| <-|-o |<--\
---------|---- ------------- |
| |
\---------------------------/
Note: This instruction Rotates (4bits) left out of dest through low 4bits
of AL
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : ROL4 reg/mem8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 28H PostByte
Clocks: ROL4 reg/mem8
NEC V20: 25/28
----------O-ROR4-----------------------------------
OPCODE ROR4 - Rotate right 4 bits
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: ROL4 dest
Description:
AL dest
bits 7 4 3 0 7 4 3 0
------------- -------------
| | o--|------>| o-|-> o-|--\
---------^---- ------------- |
| |
\---------------------------/
Note: This instruction Rotates (4bits) right out of dest through low 4bits
of AL
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : ROR4 reg/mem8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 2AH PostByte
Clocks: ROR4 reg/mem8
NEC V20: 29/33
----------O-RSDC-----------------------------------
OPCODE RSDC - Restore Register and Descriptor
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
TI Potomac
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RSDC sreg,sorc
Description:
sreg [selector,shadow_descriptor] <- sorc
; sorc is register and descriptor structure (see below)
; Note: This instruction load segment register
; include shadow descriptor
Format or Register and Descriptor Structure:
+00 Limit (15-0)
+02 Base (15-0)
+04 Base (23-16)
+05 AR byte
+06 AR2/Limit (19-16)
+07 Base (31-24)
+08 Selector
Length of structure is 10h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: (1) and (2) and (3) and [(4A) or (4B)]
1) CPL=0
2) CCR1.bit1=1 ; SMI enable
3) SMAR size > 0
4A) in SMM
4B) CCR1.bit2=1 ; SMAC is on
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RSDC sgeg,mem80
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 79H [mm sreg3 mmm]
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 10
TI 486SXL : 14
Note: sreg3 is: 000 ES
001 CS
010 SS
011 DS
100 FS
101 GS
----------O-RSLDT----------------------------------
OPCODE RSLDT - Restore LDTR and Descriptor
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
TI Potomac
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RSLDT sorc
Description:
LDTR [selector,shadow_descriptor] <- sorc
; sorc is register and descriptor structure (see below)
Format or Register and Descriptor Structure:
+00 Limit (15-0)
+02 Base (15-0)
+04 Base (23-16)
+05 AR byte
+06 AR2/Limit (19-16)
+07 Base (31-24)
+08 Selector
Length of structure is 10h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: (1) and (2) and (3) and [(4A) or (4B)]
1) CPL=0
2) CCR1.bit1=1 ; SMI enable
3) SMAR size > 0
4A) in SMM
4B) CCR1.bit2=1 ; SMAC is on
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RSLDT mem80
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 7BH [mm 000 mmm]
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 10
TI 486SXL : 14
----------O-RSM------------------------------------
OPCODE RSM - Resume from System Managment Mode
CPU: I486 SL Enhanced+,i486SL,i386CX,i386EX
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RSM
Description:
Restore execution state from SMRAM and
return to previous CPU mode
CPU mode: SMM only
( INT 6 - Undefined Opcode in all other mode )
Flags Affected: All
Note: CPU state restored from dump created entrance to SMM.
The CPU leave SMM and return to previous mode.
If CPU detect any invalid state it enters shutdown.
This invalid states is:
* The value stored in State Dump Base field is not 32K aligned
address
* Any Reserved bit of CR4 is set to 1 (Pentium only)
* Any illegal Combination of CR0:
** (PG=1 and PE=0)
** (NW=1 and CD=0)
Format of Execution State in SMRAM:
Offset Register (Table )
7FFCh CR0
7FF8h CR3
7FF4h EFLAGS
7FF0h EIP
7FECh EDI
7FE8h ESI
7FE4h EBP
7FE0h ESP
7FDCh EBX
7FD8h EDX
7FD4h ECX
7FD0h EAX
7FCCh DR7
7FC4h TR, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FC0h LDTR, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FBCh GS, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FB8h FS, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FB4h DS, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FB0h SS, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FACh CS, upper 2 bytes reserved
7FA8h ES, upper 2 bytes reserved
7F98h Reserved
7F94h IDT base (4 bytes)
7F8Ch Reserved
7F88h GDT base (4 bytes)
7F04h Reserved
7F02h Auto HALT Restart Slot (2 bytes)
Bits 15..2 are reserved
Bit 1 Bit 0 Description
0 0 Resume to next instruction in interrupted
program
0 1 Unpredictable
1 0 Return to next instruction after HALT
1 1 Return to HALT state
7F00h I/O Restart Slot (2 bytes)
When RSM execution if I/O restart slot = 0FFh then
EIP modified to instruction immediate preceding the
SMI# request i.e. CPU automatically reexecute I/O
instruction which be trapped by SMI.
7EFCh SMM Revision Identificator (4 bytes)
Bits Description
31..18 Reserved
17 If=1 Processor support SMBASE relocation
else not support
16 If =1 Processor support I/O Instruction Restart
15..0 SMM Revision Identificator
P5,486s = 0000h
P54C when I/O Restarts enable = 0002h
7EF8h SMBASE Slot (4 bytes)
SMBASE is 32KB aligned 32bit dword which contained a base
address for SMRAM.
Default value is 30000h
Starting Address for for jump in SMM is:
SMBASE+8000h
Starting address for State Save area is
SMBASE+[8000h+7FFFh]
7E00h Reserved
Note: In fields marked Reserved saved and restores next registers:
CR1,CR2,CR3, hidden descriptors for CS,DS,ES,FS,SS,GS.
Never saved registers: DR5-DR0,TR7-TR3,all FPU registers.
More Information Not available Yet.
Physical Form: RSM
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH AAH
Clocks: i386CX : 338
i486 SL Enhanced : ???
IntelDX4 : 452 ; SMBASE relocation
: 456 ; AutoHALT restart
: 465 ; I/O Trap restart
Pentium : 83
----------O-RSM------------------------------------
OPCODE RSM - Resume from SMM
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
TI Potomac
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RSM
Description:
RESTORE CPU STATE FROM SMM HEADER AT THE TOP OF
SMM SPACE (defined by SMAR register);
EXIT SMM;
Format of SMM Header:
Offset Length Description (Table )
-00h - Nothing (Top of SMM space) (Not accessable)
-04h 32 DR7
-08h 32 EFLAGS
-0Ch 32 CR0
-10h 32 Current EIP
-14h 32 Next instruction EIP
-16h 16 Reserved
-18h 16 CS selector
-1Ch 32 CS descriptor(63-32)
-20h 32 CS descriptor(31-0)
-24h 32 SMM Flags
[ ALL BITS are Not available in Cx486S/S2/D/D2]
Bit Description
1 I (IN/INSx/OUT/OUTx Indicator)
If =0 current instruction performed
I/O read
=1 I/O write
2 P (REP INSx/OUTx Prefix)
If =1 current instruction has REP pfix.
=0 not has REP pfix
3 S (Software SMI)
If =1 current SMM is result of execution
SMINT instruction
=0 current SMM is result of hardware SMI
Note: TI 486SXL/SXL2 support only bits 1,2.
-26h 16 I/O Write Data size
[ Not available in Cx486S/S2/D/D2]
[ Not available in TI486SXL/SXL2]
[ Not available in TI486SLC/DLC/e]
1h = byte
3h = word
fh = dword
-28h 16 I/O Write Address
[ Not avaliable in Cx486S/S2/D/D2]
[ Not available in TI486SXL/SXL2]
[ Not available in TI486SLC/DLC/e]
-2Ch 32 I/O Write Data
[ Not avaliable in Cx486S/S2/D/D2]
[ Not available in TI486SXL/SXL2]
[ Not available in TI486SLC/DLC/e]
-30h 32 ESI or EDI
This field saved value of source/destination
for restart INSx/OUTSx instruction
[ Not avaliable in Cx486S/S2/D/D2]
Flags Affected: All
CPU mode: SMM
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RSM
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH AAH
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 76
TI 486SXL : 58
----------O-RSTS-----------------------------------
OPCODE RSTS - Restore TR and Descriptor
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
IBM BL486DX/DX2
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: RSTS sorc
Description:
TR [selector,shadow_descriptor] <- sorc
; sorc is register and descriptor structure (see below)
Format or Register and Descriptor Structure:
+00 Limit (15-0)
+02 Base (15-0)
+04 Base (23-16)
+05 AR byte
+06 AR2/Limit (19-16)
+07 Base (31-24)
+08 Selector
Length of structure is 10h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: (1) and (2) and (3) and [(4A) or (4B)]
1) CPL=0
2) CCR1.bit1=1 ; SMI enable
3) SMAR size > 0
4A) in SMM
4B) CCR1.bit2=1 ; SMAC is on
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RSTS mem80
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 7DH [mm 000 mmm]
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 10
TI 486SXL : 14
----------O-SET1-----------------------------------
OPCODE SET1 - Set a Specified Bit
CPU: NEC/Sony V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: SET1 dest,bitnumb
Description:
BIT bitnumb OF dest <- 1;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: SET1 reg/mem8,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 14H Postbyte
Physical Form: SET1 reg/mem8,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 1CH Postbyte imm8
Physical Form: SET1 reg/mem16,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 15H Postbyte
Physical Form: SET1 reg/mem16,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 1DH Postbyte imm8
Clocks: SET1
r/m8,CL r/m8,i8 r/m16,CL r/m16,i8
NEC V20: 4/13 5/14 4/13 5/14
----------O-SETALC---------------------------------
OPCODE SETALC - Set AL to Carry Flag
CPU: Intel 8086 and all its clones and upward
compatibility chips.
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: SETALC
Description:
IF (CF=0) THEN AL:=0 ELSE AL:=FFH;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
Physical Form: SETALC
COP (Code of Operation): D6H
Clocks: 80286 : n/a [3]
80386 : n/a [3]
Cx486SLC : n/a [2]
i486 : n/a [3]
Pentium : n/a [3]
Note: n/a is Time that Intel etc not say.
[3] is real time it executed.
----------O-SMI------------------------------------
OPCODE SMI - System Managment Interrupt
CPU: AMD Am386SXLV,Am386DXLV
AMD 486s
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: SMI
Description:
IF (SMIE=1) THEN
{
SAVE STATUS OF EXECUTION TO SMRAM;
ENTER SMM;
SMMS <- 1;
}
ELSE
{
INT 1;
}
END
Notes: SMIE is <Soft SMI Enable> (DR7.bit12)
=1 Enable soft SMI
=0 Disable soft SMI
SMMS is <SMM status bit> (DR6.bit12)
=1 SMM was entered
=0 SMM status cleared
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM?,PM0
Physical Form: SMI
COP (Code of Operation): F1H
Clocks: Am386SXLV : 357
Am386DXLV : 325
Am486xxxx : Don't know, do you?
----------O-SMINT----------------------------------
OPCODE SMINT - Software SMM Interrupt
CPU: Cyrix Cx486DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
Note: Never in Cx486S/S2/D/D2
Never in any TI's chips.
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: SMINT
Description:
SAVE CPU STATE TO SMM HEADER AT THE TOP OF
SMM SPACE (defined by SMAR register);
ENTER SMM MODE;
Format of SMM Header: Refer to Cyrix/IBM SMI Instruction
(Table )
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: CPL=0, CCR1.bit1=1, SMAR size >= 30h.
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: SMINT
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 7EH
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 24
----------O-STOP-----------------------------------
OPCODE STOP - Stop CPU
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: STOP
Description:
PowerDown instruction, Stop Oscillator,
Halt CPU.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: STOP
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh BEh
Clocks: N/A
----------O-SUB4S----------------------------------
OPCODE SUB4S - Subtraction of packed BCD strings
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: SUB4S
Description:
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=ES:DI,LENGTH=CL) <-
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=DS:SI,LENGTH=CL) -
BCD STRING (ADDRESS=ES:DI,LENGTH=CL);
Length of BCD string in CL;
Note: si,di,cl and other registers not changed
Flags Affected: OF,CF,ZF
;; ZF set if result is zero.
;; CF,OF set as result of operation with most
;; signification BCDs.
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: SUB4S
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 22H
Clocks: SUB4S
NEC V20: ~7+19*CL
----------O-SVDC-----------------------------------
OPCODE SVDC - Save Register and Descriptor
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
TI Potomac
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: SVDC dest,sreg
Description:
dest <- sreg [selector,shadow_descriptor]
; dest is register and descriptor structure (see below)
Format or Register and Descriptor Structure:
+00 Limit (15-0)
+02 Base (15-0)
+04 Base (23-16)
+05 AR byte
+06 AR2/Limit (19-16)
+07 Base (31-24)
+08 Selector
Length of structure is 10h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: (1) and (2) and (3) and [(4A) or (4B)]
1) CPL=0
2) CCR1.bit1=1 ; SMI enable
3) SMAR size > 0
4A) in SMM
4B) CCR1.bit2=1 ; SMAC is on
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: SVDC mem80,sreg
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 78H [mm sreg3 mmm]
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 18
TI 486SXL : 22
Note: sreg3 is: 000 ES
001 CS
010 SS
011 DS
100 FS
101 GS
----------O-SVLDT----------------------------------
OPCODE SVLDT - Save LDTR and Descriptor
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
TI Potomac
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: SVLDT dest
Description:
dest <- LDTR [selector,shadow_descriptor]
; dest is register and descriptor structure (see below)
Format or Register and Descriptor Structure:
+00 Limit (15-0)
+02 Base (15-0)
+04 Base (23-16)
+05 AR byte
+06 AR2/Limit (19-16)
+07 Base (31-24)
+08 Selector
Length of structure is 10h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: (1) and (2) and (3) and [(4A) or (4B)]
1) CPL=0
2) CCR1.bit1=1 ; SMI enable
3) SMAR size > 0
4A) in SMM
4B) CCR1.bit2=1 ; SMAC is on
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: SVLDT mem80
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 7AH [mm 000 mmm]
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 18
TI 486SXL : 22
----------O-SVTS-----------------------------------
OPCODE SVTS - Save TR and Descriptor
CPU: Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
TI 486SLC/DLC/e
TI 486SXL/SXL2/SXLC
TI Potomac
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: SVTS dest
Description:
dest <- TR [selector,shadow_descriptor]
; dest is register and descriptor structure (see below)
Format or Register and Descriptor Structure:
+00 Limit (15-0)
+02 Base (15-0)
+04 Base (23-16)
+05 AR byte
+06 AR2/Limit (19-16)
+07 Base (31-24)
+08 Selector
Length of structure is 10h
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: (1) and (2) and (3) and [(4A) or (4B)]
1) CPL=0
2) CCR1.bit1=1 ; SMI enable
3) SMAR size > 0
4A) in SMM
4B) CCR1.bit2=1 ; SMAC is on
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: SVTS mem80
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 7CH [mm 000 mmm]
Clocks IBM BL486DX: 18
TI 486SXL : 22
----------O-SYSCALL--------------------------------
OPCODE SYSCALL - Call Operating System
CPU: AMD Am6k86 (K6)
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: SYSCALL
Description:
if EFER.SCE = 1 then
{ ECX <- EIP
EIP <- STAR[31..0]
IF <- 0
VM <- 0
CS.selector <- STAR[47..32]
SS.selector <- (STAR[47..32]) + 8
CS.base <- 0
SS.base <- 0
CS.limit <- 4G
SS.limit <- 4G
CS.attr <- ReadOnly
SS.attr <- R/W, Expand-Up
CPL <- 0
} else #UD;
Note: Passing control to fixed entry point for faster OS calls.
see RDMSR for description of STAR (SYSCALL Target Address register)
Note: Command opcode equal to 286 LOADALL undocument instruction.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
SYSCALL 0FH 05H
Am6k86: n/a
----------O-SYSRET---------------------------------
OPCODE SYSRET - Return from Operation System
CPU: AMD Am6k86 (K6)
Type of Instruction: Privelege (CPL =0)
Instruction: SYSRET
Description:
if EFER.SCE == 1
{
if CPL == 0
{
EIP <- ECX
IF <- 1
CS.selector <- STAR[47..32] OR 3H
CS.base <- 0
CS.limit <- 4GB
CS.attr <- ReadOnly
SS <- (STAR[47..32]) + 16) OR 3H
} else #GP(0);
} else #UD;
Note: Passing control from OS entry point back to ring 3 client.
see RDMSR for description of STAR (SYSCALL Target Address register)
Note: Command opcode equal to 386/486 LOADALL undocument instruction.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
COP & Times:
SYSCALL 0FH 07H
Am6k86: n/a
----------O-TEST1----------------------------------
OPCODE TEST1 - Test a Specified bit
CPU: NEC/Sony all V-series
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: NOT1 dest,bitnumb
Description:
IF dest IS 8BIT THEN bitn <- bitnumb AND 7;
IF dest IS 16BIT THEN bitn <- bitnumb AND Fh;
IF (BIT bitn OF dest) = 0 THEN
{
ZF <- 1;
}
ELSE {
ZF <- 0;
}
ENDIF
Flags Affected: ZF
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: TEST1 reg/mem8,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 10H Postbyte
Physical Form: TEST1 reg/mem8,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 18H Postbyte imm8
Physical Form: TEST1 reg/mem16,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 11H Postbyte
Physical Form: TEST1 reg/mem16,imm8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 19H Postbyte imm8
Clocks: TEST1
r/m8,CL r/m8,i8 r/m16,CL r/m16,i8
NEC V20: 3/12 4/13 3/12 4/13
----------O-TSKSW----------------------------------
OPCODE TSKSW - Task Switch
CPU: NEC V25,V35,V25 Plus,V35 Plus,V25 Software Guard
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: TSKSW reg16
Description: Perform a High-Speed task switch to the register bank indicated
by lower 3 bits of reg16. The PC and PSW are saved in the old
banks. PC and PSW save Registers and the new PC and PSW values
are retrived from the new register bank's save area.
Note: See BRKCS instruction for more Info about banks.
Flags Affected: All
CPU mode: RM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: TSCSW reg16
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 94h <1111 1RRR>
Clocks: 11
----------O-UD------------------------------------
OPCODE UD - Undefined Instruction
CPU: AMD Am5k86 (SSA/5, K5)
Logical Form: UD
Description:
Caused #UD exception
Flags Affected: No Flags Affected
CPU Mode : RM,PM,VM,VME,SMM
Exceptions :
RM PM V86 VME SMM
#UD #UD #UD #UD #UD Undefined Instruction
No more Exceptions
Note :
This instruction caused #UD. AMD guaranteed that in future AMD's
CPUs this instruction will caused #UD. Of course all previous CPUs
(186+) caused #UD on this opcode. This instruction used by software
writers for testing #UD exception servise routine.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : UD
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh FFh
Clocks : UD
8088: Not supported
NEC V20: Not supported
80186: ~int
80286: ~int
80386: ~int
Cx486SLC: ~int
i486: ~int
Cx486DX: ~int
Cx5x86: ~int
Pentium: ~int
Nx5x86: ~int
Cx6x86: ~int
Am5k86: ~int
Pentium Pro: ~int
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----------O-UD2-----------------------------------
OPCODE UD2 - Undefined Instruction
CPU: Pentium Pro+ and all other
Logical Form: UD2
Description:
Caused #UD exception
Flags Affected: No Flags Affected
CPU Mode : RM,PM,VM,VME,SMM
Exceptions :
RM PM V86 VME SMM
#UD #UD #UD #UD #UD Undefined Instruction
No more Exceptions
Note :
This instruction caused #UD. Intel guaranteed that in future Intel's
CPUs this instruction will caused #UD. Of course all previous CPUs
(186+) caused #UD on this opcode. This instruction used by software
writers for testing #UD exception servise routine.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form : UD2
COP (Code of Operation) : 0Fh 0Bh
Clocks : UD2
8088: Not supported
NEC V20: Not supported
80186: ~int
80286: ~int
80386: ~int
Cx486SLC: ~int
i486: ~int
Cx486DX: ~int
Cx5x86: ~int
Pentium: ~int
Nx5x86: ~int
Cx6x86: ~int
Am5k86: ~int
Pentium Pro: ~int
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
----------O-UMOV-----------------------------------
OPCODE UMOV - Mov Data to Main (User) Memory
CPU: AMD Am386SXLV,Am386DXLV
AMD 486s
IBM 486SLC2
Type of Instruction: Special System
Instruction: UMOV dest,sorc
Description:
dest <- sorc;
Note!!!!!: But all memory operands placed in Main memory only !
( i.e. not in SMRAM then in SMM )
WARNING: UMC's CPUs hang on execution this instruction !!!!!!
check that CPU is none UMC's before
Note: On Cyrix's CPUs UMOV opcodes do nothing. This way used to
determination of Cyrix Microprocessors.
Note: Pentium P54C never support this instruction
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM?,PM?,VM?,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: UMOV r/m8,r8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 10H Postbyte
Clocks:
Am386SXLV or AM386DXLV: 2/2
IBM 486SLC2 : 4
+++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: UMOV r/m16,r16
UMOV r/m32,r32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 11H Postbyte
Clocks:
Am386SXLV or AM386DXLV: 2/2
IBM 486SLC2 : 4
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: UMOV r8,r/m8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 12H Postbyte
Clocks:
Am386SXLV or AM386DXLV: 2/4
IBM 486SLC2 : 4
+++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: UMOV r16,r/m16
UMOV r32,r/m32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 13H Postbyte
Clocks:
Am386SXLV or AM386DXLV: 2/4
IBM 486SLC2 : 4
----------O-WBINVD---------------------------------
OPCODE WBINVD - Write Back and Invalidate Cache
CPU: I486 +
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: WBINVD
Description:
IF (internal cache is WB and in WB mode) THEN
{
Write Back Internal Cache;
}
Flush internal cache;
Signal external cache to Write Back;
Signal external cache to Flush;
Notes: This instruction not work in Real Mode and in
Protected mode work only in ring 0 ;
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: PM0,SMM
Physical Form: INVD
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 09H
Clocks: Cyrix Cx486SLC : 4
i486 : 5
Pentium : 2000+
----------O-WRMSR----------------------------------
OPCODE WRMSR - Write to From Model Specified Register
CPU: Pentium (tm), IBM 486SLC2
Type of Instruction: System
Instruction: WRMSR
Description:
IF (ECX is valid number of MSR) and (CPL=0) THEN
{
MSR [ECX] <- EDX:EAX;
}
ELSE
{
General Protection Fault INT 0DH (0)
}
END
Flags Affected: None
Note: Refer to RDMSR for more Info.
CPU mode: RM,PM0,SMM
Physical Form: WRMSR
COP (Code of Operation): 0FH 30H
Clocks: Pentium : 30-45
----------O-WRSHR----------------------------------
OPCODE WRSHR - Write SMM Header Pointer Register
CPU: Cyrix Cx6x86MX
Type of Instruction: SMM mode only
Instruction: WRSHR src
Description:
SMHR <- src
Note: See RDSHR for more details
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: SMM
++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: RDSHR reg/mem32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH 37H Postbyte
Clocks Cx6x86MX: n/a
----------O-XADD-----------------------------------
OPCODE XADD - Exchange and addition
CPU: i486+
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: XADD dest,sorc
Description:
Temporary <- dest;
dest <- dest + sorc;
sorc <- Temporary;
Flags Affected: ZF,OF,SF,AF,PF,CF ( like ADD instruction ) ( see description)
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM,SMM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: XADD r/m8,r8
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH C0H Postbyte
Clocks:
Intel i486 : 3/4
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 3/6
Pentium (tm) : 3/4
Penalty if cache miss :
Intel i486 : 6/2 ; Unlocked/Locked
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 0 ; N/A
+++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: XADD r/m16,r16
XADD r/m32,r32
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH C1H Postbyte
Clocks:
Intel i486 : 3/4
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 3/6
Pentium (tm) : 3/4
Penalty if cache miss :
Intel i486 : 6/2 ; Unlocked/Locked
Cyrix Cx486SLC : 1 ; N/A
----------O-XBTS-----------------------------------
OPCODE XBTS - Extract Bits String
CPU: 80386 step A0-B0 only
Type of Instruction: User
Instruction: XBTS dest,base,bitoffset,len
Description:
Write bit string length <len> bits from bitfield, defined by
<base> and bitsoffset <bitoffset> from this base to start of
the field to read. String read from this start field bit to
higher memory addresses or register bits.
And after it string placed to <dest> operand, lowest bit of
register or memory to bit 0 of <dest>.
Note: Use SHLD/SHRD instructions for extract bits strings.
On 80386 steps B1+ this opcode generation INT 6,
and on some of 486 other instruction replace this
instruction opcode.
Flags Affected: None
CPU mode: RM,PM,VM
+++++++++++++++++++++++
Physical Form: XBTS r16,r/m16,AX,CL
XBTS r32,r/m32,EAX,CL
COP (Code of Operation) : 0FH A6H Postbyte
Clocks: XBTS
80386: 6/13
-----------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A0
Cyrix Cx486SLC/DLC configuration Registers
for Cx486DLC:
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits)
CCR0 Configuration Control Register #0 C0H 8
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8
NCR1 Non-cacheble Region #0 C4H-C6H 24
NCR2 Non-cachable Region #1 C7H-C9H 24
NCR3 Non-cacheble Region #2 CAH-CCH 24
NCR4 Non-cacheble Region #4 CDH-CFH 24
for Cx486SLC:
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits)
CCR0 Configuration Control Register #0 C0H 8
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8
NCR1 Non-cacheble Region #0 C5H-C6H 16
NCR2 Non-cachable Region #1 C8H-C9H 16
NCR3 Non-cacheble Region #2 CBH-CCH 16
NCR4 Non-cacheble Region #4 CEH-CFH 16
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH then Cyrix CPU
generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR0 00H
CCR1 xxxx xxx0B
NCR1 000Fh
NCR2 0
NCR3 0
NCR4 0
format of registers:
CCR0:
Bit Name Description
7 SUSPEND
If =1 then enable SUSP# and SUSPA# pins, which used for
put CPU in PowerSave mode.
If =0 disable
6 CO (Cache Organisation)
If =0 2ways set associative
If =1 Dirrect Mapped
5 BARB
If =1 then enable flushing internal cache when begining
HOLD state.
IF =0 disable.
4 FLUSH
If =1 enable input pin FLUSH#
if =0 disable
3 KEN
If =1 enable input pin KEN#
if =0 disable
2 A20M
If =1 enable input pin A20M#
if =0 disable
1 NC1
If=1 then 640KB-1MB area never caching
If=0 caching (but see NCRi)
0 NC0
If=1 then first 64K of each 1MB bounds not caching,
when in Real or Virtual8086 mode
If =0 caching
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7-1 Reserved
0 RPL
If =1 then enable RPLSET,RPLVAL# pins
If =0 this pins are disable and float.
NCRi:
Byte Bits Description
0 7-0 Address bits A31-A24 of non-cacheble region start
(Reserved for Cx486SLC)
1 7-0 Address bits A23-A16 of non-cachable region start
2 7-4 Address bits A15-A12 of non-cacheble region start
2 3-0 Size of non-cacheble block:
0000 Disable NCRi
0001 4K
0010 8K
0011 16K
0100 32K
0101 64K
0110 128K
0111 256K
1000 512K
1001 1M
1010 2M
1011 4M
1100 8M
1101 16M
1110 32M
1111 4G
NCRi bytes:
Byte
NCRi 0 1 2
NCR1 C4H C5H C6H
NCR2 C7H C8H C9H
NCR3 CAH CBH CCH
NCR4 CDH CDH CEH
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A1
Cyrix Cx486S/S2/D/D2/DX/DX2/DX4
IBM BL486DX/DX2
configuration Registers
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits)
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8
CCR2 Configuration Control Register #2 C2H 8
CCR3 Configuration Control Register #3 C3H 8
SMAR SMM Address Region CDH-CFH 24
DIR0 Device Identification register #0 FEH 8
DIR1 Device Identification register #1 FFH 8
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH,FEH,FFH then Cyrix
CPU generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR1 00H
CCR2 00H
CCR3 00H
SMAR 0
DIR0 see DIR0 description
DIR1 see DIR1 description
format of registers:
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7..5 Reserved
4 NO_LOCK (Negate LOCK#)
3 MMAC (Main Memory Access)
If =1 then all data access which occur within SMI
routine (when SMAC=1) accessing main memory instead
SMM space
=0 No affects on access
2 SMAC (System Managment Memory Access)
If =1 Any access within SMM memory space issued with SMAADS#
output active, SMI# ignored
=0 No affects on access
1 SMI (Enable SMM pins)
If =1 then enable SMI# i/o pin and SMADS# output pin
=0 Float it
0 RPL (Enable RPL pins)
If=1 then enable output pins RPLSET(1-0) and RPLVAL#
=0 Float it
CCR2:
Bit Name Description
7 SUSP (Enable Suspend pins)
If =1 SUSP# input and SUSPA# output pins enabled
=0 Float
6 BWRT (Enable Burst Write Cycle)
If =1 enable use of 16byte burst WB cycle
=0 disable
5 BARB (Enable cache coherency on Bus Arbitration)
If =1 enable write back of all dirty cache data when
HOLD is requered and prior to asserting HLDA.
=0 isable
4 WT1 (Write-Through Region 1)
If =1 Forces all writes to the 640KB-1MB region that
hit in cache issued on the external bus
3 HALT (Suspend on HALT)
If =1 CPU enters suspend mode following execution
HLT instruction.
2 LOCK_NW (Lock NW bit)
If =1 Prohibits changing the state of NW bit in CR0
1 WBAK (Enable WB Cache Interface pins)
If =1 then enable INVAL,WM_RST and HITM# pins
=0 float it
0 Reserved
CCR3:
Note: Cyrix Cx486S/D never have CCR3 register.
Bit Name Description
7..2 Reserved
1 NMIEN (NMI Enable)
If =1 then NMI enable during SMM
If =0 NMI don't recognizing during SMM
0 SMI_LOCK (SMM Register Lock)
If =1 the following SMM control bits can not
be modified:
CCR1: bits 1,2,3
CCR3: bit 1
But this bit may be changed in SMM.
This bit (SMI_LOCK) clearing RESET only.
SMAR:
(Index CDh)
Bit Description
7..0 A31..A24 bits of starting adress of SMM region
(Index CEh)
Bit Description
7..0 A23..A16 bits of starting adress of SMM region
(Index CFh)
Bit Description
7..4 A15..A12 bits of starting adress of SMM region
3..0 Size of SMM region:
0000 SMM region disabled
0001 4K
0010 8K
0011 16K
0100 32K
0101 64K
0110 128K
0111 256K
1000 512K
1001 1M
1010 2M
1011 4M
1100 8M
1101 16M
1110 32M
1111 4K
DIR0:
Bit Description
7..0 (Device Identification)
for Cx486SLC/e = 00h
for Cx486DLC = 01h
for Cx486SLC2 = 02h
for Cx486DLC2 = 03h
for Cx486SRx = 04h
for Cx486DRx = 05h
for Cx486SRx2 = 06h
for Cx486DRx2 = 07h
for Cx486SRu = 08h
for Cx486DRu = 09h
for Cx486SRu2 = 0Ah
for Cx486DRu2 = 0Bh
for Cx486S (B step) = 10h
for Cx486S2 = 11h
for Cx486S/e = 12h
= 14h
= 16h
for Cx486S2/e = 13h or 15h or 17h
for Cx486DX/BL486DX = 1Ah
for Cx486DX2/BL486DX2 = 1Bh
for ST486DX2 = 1Bh
for TI486DX2 = 1Bh
for Cx486DX4 (x2 mode)= 1Bh (x2 mode)
Note: DIR1 = 36h for DX4
1Fh (x3 mode)
for Cx5x86 (M1sc) = 28h (x1,S)
= 29h (x2,S)
= 2Ah (x1,P)
= 2Bh (x2,P)
= 2Ch (x4,S)
= 2Dh (x3,S)
= 2Eh (x4,P)
= 2Fh (x3,P)
for Cyrix Cx6x86 (M1) = 20h,30h (1x,S)
= 21h,31h (2x,S)
= 22h,32h (1x,P)
= 23h,33h (2x,P)
= 24h,34h (4x,S)
= 25h,35h (3x,S)
= 26h,36h (4x,P)
= 27h,37h (3x,P)
for Cyrix CxG86 = 44h (4x,S)
= 45h (3x,S)
= 46h (4x,P)
= 47h (3x,P)
for Cyrix 6x86MX (M2) = 50h (1.5x,S)
= 51h (2x,S)
= 52h (2.5x,S)
= 53h (3x,S)
= 54h (3.5x,S)
= 55h (4x,S)
= 56h (4.5x,S)
= 57h (5x,S)
= 58h (1,5x,P)
= 59h (2x,P)
= 5Ah (2.5x,P)
= 5Bh (3x,P)
= 5Ch (3.5x,P)
= 5Dh (4x,P)
= 5Eh (4.5x,P)
= 5Fh (5x,P)
for TI486DX4 = 81h
for Cyrix OverDrive = FDh
for TI Potomac's = FFh ;; None connections
Important Note: The original Cx486SLC never have DIRi registers.
DIR1:
Note: Cyrix Cx486S/D never have DIR1 register.
Bit Name Description
7..4 SID Stepping Identificator
3..0 RID Revision Identification
See Appendix A3 for more information
CPU DIR0 DIR1 NOTE
Cx486DX-40 1Ah 05h
Cx486DX-50 1Ah 05h
Cx486DX2-50 1Bh 08h
Cx486DX2-50 1Bh 08h Marked 001 on pin side of chip
ST486DX2-66 1Bh 0Bh
ST486DX2-66 1Bh 0Bh
Cx486DX2-v80 1Bh 31h 3 VOLT
Cx486DX4-v100 1Fh 36h 3 VOLT
Cx5x86-100 2Dh 13h 3 VOLT
TI486DX2-66,80 1Bh 32h stepping eA0
TI486DX2-66,80 1Bh B2h stepping eB0
TI486DX4-100 81h 91h
-----------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A2
TI486SXLC/SXL configuration Registers
for TI486SXL
--------------
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits)
CCR0 Configuration Control Register #0 C0H 8
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8
ARR1 Address Region #1 C4H-C6H 24
ARR2 Address Region #2 C7H-C9H 24
ARR3 Address Region #3 CAH-CCH 24
ARR4 Address Region #4 CDH-CFH 24
for TI486SXLC
--------------
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits)
CCR0 Configuration Control Register #0 C0H 8
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8
ARR1 Address Region #1 C5H-C6H 16
ARR2 Address Region #2 C8H-C9H 16
ARR3 Address Region #3 CBH-CCH 16
ARR4 Address Region #4 CEH-CFH 16
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH then Cyrix CPU
generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR0 00H
CCR1 xxxx xxx0B
ARR1 000Fh ; 4Gbyte Non-Caching Region
ARR2 0
ARR3 0
ARR4 0
format of registers:
CCR0:
Bit Name Description
7 SUS
If =1 then enable SUSP# and SUSPA# pins, which used for
put CPU in PowerSave mode.
If =0 disable
6 CKD (Clock Double)
If =0 Disable Clock-double mode
If =1 Enable Clock-Double mode
5 BARB
If =1 then enable flushing internal cache when begining
HOLD state.
IF =0 disable.
4 FLUSH
If =1 enable input pin FLUSH#
if =0 disable
3 KEN
If =1 enable input pin KEN#
if =0 disable
2 A20M
If =1 enable input pin A20M#
if =0 disable
1 NC1
If=1 then 640KB-1MB area never caching
If=0 caching (but see NCRi)
0 NC0
If=1 then first 64K of each 1MB bounds not caching,
when in Real or Virtual8086 mode
If =0 caching
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7 SM4
Access Region 4 Control
If=1 then Region 4 is non-cachable SMM Memory Space
If=0 Region 4 is non-cachable. SMI# input ignored.
6 WP3
Access Region 3 Control
If=1 then Region 3 is write-protected and cachable
If=0 Region 3 is non-cachable.
5 WP2
Access Region 2 Control
If=1 then Region 2 is write-protected and cachable
If=0 Region 2 is non-cachable.
4 WP1
Access Region 1 Control
If=1 then Region 1 is write-protected and cachable
If=0 Region 1 is non-cachable.
3 NMAC
Main Memory Access
If=1 All data accesses which occur within SMI service routine
(or then SMAC=1) will access main memory instead of SMM Memory space
If=0 No changes in access
2 SMAC
System Managment memory access
If=1 Any access to addresses within SMM memory space cause external bus
cycles to be issued with SMADS# output active. SMI# input is ignored.
1 SMI
Enable SMM Pins
If=1 SMI# input/output pin and SMADS# output pin are enabled
If=0 Disabled
0 Reserved
ARRi:
Byte Bits Description
0 7-0 Address bits A31-A24 of non-cacheble region start
(Reserved for TI486SXLC)
1 7-0 Address bits A23-A16 of non-cachable region start
2 7-4 Address bits A15-A12 of non-cacheble region start
2 3-0 Size of non-cacheble block:
0000 Disable NCRi
0001 4K
0010 8K
0011 16K
0100 32K
0101 64K
0110 128K
0111 256K
1000 512K
1001 1M
1010 2M
1011 4M
1100 8M
1101 16M
1110 32M
1111 4G
ARRi bytes:
Byte
ARRi 0 1 2
ARR1 C4H C5H C6H
ARR2 C7H C8H C9H
ARR3 CAH CBH CCH
ARR4 CDH CDH CEH
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A3
Texas Instruments TI486DX2,TI486DX4
configuration Registers
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits)
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8
CCR2 Configuration Control Register #2 C2H 8
CCR3 Configuration Control Register #3 C3H 8
SMAR SMM Address Region CDH-CFH 24
DIR0 Device Identification register #0 FEH 8
DIR1 Device Identification register #1 FFH 8
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH,FEH,FFH then Cyrix
CPU generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR1 00H
CCR2 00H
CCR3 00H
SMAR 0
DIR0 see DIR0 description
DIR1 see DIR1 description
format of registers:
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7..5 Reserved
4 NO_LOCK (Negate LOCK#)
If =0 Usuall scheme
If =1 previously noncachable locked cycles will be
executed as unlocked, result is higher perfomanse.
3 MMAC (Main Memory Access)
If =1 then all data access which occur within SMI
routine (when SMAC=1) accessing main memory instead
SMM space
=0 No affects on access
2 SMAC (System Managment Memory Access)
If =1 Any access within SMM memory space issued with SMAADS#
output active, SMI# ignored
=0 No affects on access
1 SMI (Enable SMM pins)
If =1 then enable SMI# i/o pin and SMADS# output pin
=0 Float it
0 RPL (Enable RPL pins)
If=1 then enable output pins RPLSET(1-0) and RPLVAL#
=0 Float it
CCR2:
Bit Name Description
7 SUSP (Enable Suspend pins)
If =1 SUSP# input and SUSPA# output pins enabled
=0 Float
6 BWRT (Enable Burst Write Cycle)
If =1 enable use of 16byte burst WB cycle
=0 disable
5 BARB (Enable cache coherency on Bus Arbitration)
If =1 enable write back of all dirty cache data when
HOLD is requered and prior to asserting HLDA.
=0 isable
4 WT1 (Write-Through Region 1)
If =1 Forces all writes to the 640KB-1MB region that
hit in cache issued on the external bus
3 HALT (Suspend on HALT)
If =1 CPU enters suspend mode following execution
HLT instruction.
2 LOCK_NW (Lock NW bit)
If =1 Prohibits changing the state of NW bit in CR0
1 WBAK (Enable WB Cache Interface pins)
If =1 then enable INVAL,WM_RST and HITM# pins
=0 float it
0 Reserved
CCR3:
Note: Cyrix Cx486S/D never have CCR3 register.
Bit Name Description
7..4 Reserved
3 SM_MODE (SMM Mode Select)
If =0 then Normal SMM mode (Cyrix style)
If =1 then SL-compatible mode
(but SMI_LOCK MUST BE 0)
Note: For more info refer to
"TI486DX2 Microprocessor SM Mode Programming Guide"
// Texas Instruments 1995 (literature number SRZU019)
2 Reserved
1 NMIEN (NMI Enable)
If =1 then NMI enable during SMM
If =0 NMI don't recognizing during SMM
0 SMI_LOCK (SMM Register Lock)
If =1 the following SMM control bits can not
be modified:
CCR1: bits 1,2,3
CCR3: bit 1
Any SMAR bits
But this bit may be changed in SMM.
This bit (SMI_LOCK) clearing RESET only.
SMAR:
(Index CDh)
Bit Description
7..0 A31..A24 bits of starting adress of SMM region
(Index CEh)
Bit Description
7..0 A23..A16 bits of starting adress of SMM region
(Index CFh)
Bit Description
7..4 A15..A12 bits of starting adress of SMM region
3..0 Size of SMM region:
0000 SMM region disabled
0001 4K
0010 8K
0011 16K
0100 32K
0101 64K
0110 128K
0111 256K
1000 512K
1001 1M
1010 2M
1011 4M
1100 8M
1101 16M
1110 32M
1111 4K
DIR0:
Bit Description
7..0 (Device Identification)
for TI486DX2 = 1Bh (compare with Cyrix's DIR0)
for TI486DX4 = 81h
DIR1:
Bit Name Description
7 MID Manafacturer ID
0 = Cyrix
1 = Texas Instruments (support starting TI486DX2 eB0 steping)
6..4 SID Stepping Identificator
3..0 RID Revision Identification
see Appendix A1 for more info about identification.
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A4
Cyrix Cx5x86, IBM 5x86
configuration Registers
for access
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits) MAPEN(3..0)
PCR0 Perfomance Control register 20h 8 1
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8 x
CCR2 Configuration Control Register #2 C2H 8 x
CCR3 Configuration Control Register #3 C3H 8 x
CCR4 Configuration Control Register #4 E8h 8 1
SMAR SMM Address Region CDH-CFH 24 x
PMR Power Managment register F0h 8 1
DIR0 Device Identification register #0 FEH 8 x
DIR1 Device Identification register #1 FFH 8 x
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH,FEH,FFH then Cyrix
CPU generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR1 00H
CCR2 00H
CCR3 00H
SMAR 0
DIR0 see DIR0 description
DIR1 see DIR1 description
format of registers:
PCR0:
Bit Name Description
7 LSSER If set, all memory reads/writes will occur in execution order
6..3 Reserved
2 LOOP_EN If set, enables faster support for loops.
1 BTB_EN If set, enables the Branch Target Buffer for branch prediction
0 RSTK_EN If se, enables call return stack
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7..4 Reserved
3 MMAC (Main Memory Access)
If =1 then all data access which occur within SMI
routine (when SMAC=1) accessing main memory instead
SMM space
=0 No affects on access
2 SMAC (System Managment Memory Access)
If =1 Any access within SMM memory space issued with SMAADS#
output active, SMI# ignored
=0 No affects on access
1 SMI (Enable SMM pins)
If =1 then enable SMI# i/o pin and SMADS# output pin
=0 Float it
0 Reserved
CCR2:
Bit Name Description
7 SUSP (Enable Suspend pins)
If =1 SUSP# input and SUSPA# output pins enabled
=0 Float
6 BWRT (Enable Burst Write Cycle)
If =1 enable use of 16byte burst WB cycle
=0 disable
5 Reserved
4 WT1 (Write-Through Region 1)
If =1 Forces all writes to the 640KB-1MB region that
hit in cache issued on the external bus
3 HALT (Suspend on HALT)
If =1 CPU enters suspend mode following execution
HLT instruction.
2 LOCK_NW (Lock NW bit)
If =1 Prohibits changing the state of NW bit in CR0
1 WBAK (Enable WB Cache Interface pins)
If =1 then enable INVAL,WM_RST and HITM# pins
=0 float it
0 Reserved
CCR3:
Bit Name Description
7..4 MAPEN(3-0) (Register Mapping Enable)
If set to 0001b all register accessible,
else 0000h then accessed only (C0j-CFh,FEh,FFh)
3 SMM_MODE
If =1, then CPU hardware interface pins are redefined to
function like SMM hardware interface on SL Enhanced Intel's CPUs
2 LINBRST
If =1, CPU will use linear address sequence when performing
burst cycle, If =0 CPU will used 1+4 address sequence.
1 NMIEN (NMI Enable)
If =1 then NMI enable during SMM
If =0 NMI don't recognizing during SMM
0 SMI_LOCK (SMM Register Lock)
If =1 the following SMM control bits can not
be modified:
CCR1: bits 1,2,3
CCR3: bit 1
But this bit may be changed in SMM.
This bit (SMI_LOCK) clearing RESET only.
SMAR:
(Index CDh)
Bit Description
7..0 A31..A24 bits of starting adress of SMM region
(Index CEh)
Bit Description
7..0 A23..A16 bits of starting adress of SMM region
(Index CFh)
Bit Description
7..4 A15..A12 bits of starting adress of SMM region
3..0 Size of SMM region:
0000 SMM region disabled
0001 4K
0010 8K
0011 16K
0100 32K
0101 64K
0110 128K
0111 256K
1000 512K
1001 1M
1010 2M
1011 4M
1100 8M
1101 16M
1110 32M
1111 4K
CCR4:
Bit Name Description
7 CPUIDEN (Enable CPUID instruction)
If =1 bit 21 of EFLAGS (ID) may changed, and CPUID instruction
enabled,
else bit 21 of EFLAGS =0 forever and CPUID caused INT 6 -
Invalid Opcode
6 Reserved
5 FP_FAST
If =1, FPU execution reporting enabled
4 DTE
If =1, Directory Table Entry cache is enabled
3 MEM_BYP
If =1, Enabled memory read bypassing
2..0 IORT[2..0]
Specify minimum number of bus clocks between two I/O
accesses (I/O recovery time)
000 - No Delay
001 - 2 clk
010 - 4 clk
011 - 8 clk
100 - 16 clk
101 - 32 clk (Default Value)
110 - 64 clk
111 - 128 clk
PMR:
Bit Name Description
7..3 Reserved
2..0 CLK[2..0]
Select Bus/Core Operation Frequency
CLK2 CLK1 CLK0 Core/Bus
1 x x 1/2
0 0 0 1/1
0 0 1 2/1
0 1 0 3/1
0 1 1 reserved
DIR0:
Bit Description
7..0 (Device Identification)
Value Description Core/Bus clk
29h or 2Bh Cx/IBM/ST 5x86 2/1
2Dh or 2Fh Cx/IBM/ST 5x86 3/1
DIR1:
Bit Name Description
7..4 SID Stepping Identificator
3..0 RID Revision Identification
Note: 5x86 Cyrix/IBM/ST
Stepping Revision
0 0 EDX after reset = [15:8]=DIR1, [7:0]=DIR0
0 1 EDX after reset = [15:8]=DIR1, [7:0]=DIR0
0 2 EDX after reset = [15:8]=04h [7:0]=90h
0 5
1 3
see Appendix A1 for more info about identification.
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A5
Cyrix Cx6x86 (M1), IBM 6x86
configuration Registers
for access
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits) MAPEN(3..0)
DBR0 30H 8 ?
??? 31H 8 ?
??? 32H 8 ?
??? 33H 8 ?
??? 34H 8 ?
??? 38H 8 ?
??? 3CH 8 ?
CCR0 Configuration Control Register #0 C0H 8 x
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8 x
CCR2 Configuration Control Register #2 C2H 8 x
CCR3 Configuration Control Register #3 C3H 8 x
ARR0 Address Region Register #0 C4H-C6H 24 x
ARR1 Address Region Register #1 C7H-C9H 24 x
ARR2 Address Region Register #2 CAH-CCH 24 x
ARR3 Address Region Register #3 CDH-CFH 24 x
ARR4 Address Region Register #4 D0H-D2H 24 1
ARR5 Address Region Register #5 D3H-D5H 24 1
ARR6 Address Region Register #6 D6H-D8H 24 1
ARR7 Address Region Register #7 D9H-DBH 24 1
RCR0 Region Configuration Register #0 DCh 8 1
RCR1 Region Configuration Register #1 DDh 8 1
RCR2 Region Configuration Register #2 DEh 8 1
RCR3 Region Configuration Register #3 DFh 8 1
RCR4 Region Configuration Register #4 E0h 8 1
RCR5 Region Configuration Register #5 E1h 8 1
RCR6 Region Configuration Register #6 E2h 8 1
RCR7 Region Configuration Register #7 E3h 8 1
CCR4 Configuration Control Register #4 E8h 8 1
CCR5 Configuration Control Register #5 E9h 8 1
DIR0 Device Identification register #0 FEH 8 x
DIR1 Device Identification register #1 FFH 8 x
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH,FEH,FFH then Cyrix
CPU generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR1 00H
CCR2 00H
CCR3 00H
SMAR 0
DIR0 see DIR0 description
DIR1 see DIR1 description
format of registers:
DBR0:
Note: This Register is Undocumented
Bit Name Description
7 ? ????
6 ? BTB TR access enabled
if = 1 MOV to/from TR1/2 enabled
5 ? Data bypassing and forwarding Enable
(default set to 1)
4-0 ? ???
Registers with Indexes 31h,32h,33h:
Used for perfomance control or CPU pipeline debbuging.
(Usually = 0).
Registers with indexes 34h,38h,3Ch exist, but description ????
CCR0:
Bit Name Description
7..2 Reserved
1 NC1 (Non-cachable 1MB)
If =1 then area 640KM-1MB is non-cachable.
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7 SM3 (System Managment Address Region 3)
If =1 then ARR3 used as SMM address space region
6..5 Reserved
4 NO_LOCK (No Lock Cycles)
If =1 all bus cycles are issued with LOCK# pin negated, except
page tables access and INTA cycles.
3 Reserved
2 SMAC (System Managment Memory Access)
If =1 Any access within SMM memory space issued with SMAADS#
output active, SMI# ignored
=0 No affects on access
1 SMI (Enable SMM pins)
If =1 then enable SMI# i/o pin and SMADS# output pin
=0 Float it
0 Reserved
CCR2:
Bit Name Description
7 SUSP (Enable Suspend pins)
If =1 SUSP# input and SUSPA# output pins enabled
=0 Float
6..5 Reserved
4 WPR1 (Write-Protected Region 1)
If =1 then any cachable accesses in the 640KB-1MB region
are Write-Protected
3 HALT (Suspend on HALT)
If =1 CPU enters suspend mode following execution
HLT instruction.
2 LOCK_NW (Lock NW bit)
If =1 Prohibits changing the state of NW bit in CR0
1..0 Reserved
CCR3:
Bit Name Description
7..4 MAPEN(3-0) (Register Mapping Enable)
If set to 0001b all register accessible,
else 0000h then accessed only (C0h-CFh,FEh,FFh)
3 Reserved
2 LINBRST
If =1, CPU will use linear address sequence when performing
burst cycle, If =0 CPU will used 1+4 address sequence.
1 NMIEN (NMI Enable)
If =1 then NMI enable during SMM
If =0 NMI don't recognizing during SMM
0 SMI_LOCK (SMM Register Lock)
If =1 the following SMM control bits can not
be modified:
CCR1: bits 1,2,3
CCR3: bit 1
ARR3: Starting address and Block size
But this bit may be changed in SMM.
This bit (SMI_LOCK) clearing RESET only.
ARRi:
-- Starting Address --- Region
ARR # A31-A24 A23-A16 A15-A12 Block Size
7..0 7..0 7..4 3..0 (Bits)
ARR0 C4h C5h C6h C6h (Index)
ARR1 C7h C8h C9h C9h
ARR2 CAh CBh CCh CCh
ARR3 CDh CEh CFh CFh
ARR4 D0h D1h D2h D2h
ARR5 D3h D4h D5h D5h
ARR6 D6h D7h D8h D8h
ARR7 D9h DAh DBh DBh
(ARRi^)
(index)
(Index ARRi+0)
Bit Description
7..0 A31..A24 bits of starting adress of region #i
(Index ARRi+1)
Bit Description
7..0 A23..A16 bits of starting adress of region #i
(Index ARRi+2)
Bit Description
7..4 A15..A12 bits of starting adress of region #i
3..0 Size of region #i :
Value ARR0-ARR6 ARR7
0000 **** region disabled ****
0001 4K 256K
0010 8K 512K
0011 16K 1M
0100 32K 2M
0101 64K 4M
0110 128K 8M
0111 256K 16M
1000 512K 32M
1001 1M 64M
1010 2M 128M
1011 4M 256M
1100 8M 512M
1101 16M 1G
1110 32M 2G
1111 4K 4G
RCRi:
Bit Name ARR# Description
7..6 any Reserved
5 NBL any If =1 LBA# pin is negated for corresponding region
4 WT any If =1 Write-Throught caching is enable for region
3 WG any If =1 Write Gathering enabled for region
2 WL any If =1 Weak Locking enable for region
1 WWO any If =1 weak write ordering enable for region
0 RCD 0..6 If =1 address region is non-cachable
0 RCE 7 If=1 region is cachable and implies thet address space
outside of region is non-cachable.
CCR4:
Bit Name Description
7 CPUIDEN (Enable CPUID instruction)
If =1 bit 21 of EFLAGS (ID) may changed, and CPUID instruction
enabled,
else bit 21 of EFLAGS =0 forever and CPUID caused INT 6 -
Invalid Opcode
6..5 Reserved
4 DTE
If =1, Directory Table Entry cache is enabled
3 Reserved
2..0 IORT[2..0]
Specify minimum number of bus clocks between two I/O
accesses (I/O recovery time)
000 - No Delay
001 - 2 clk
010 - 4 clk
011 - 8 clk
100 - 16 clk
101 - 32 clk (Default Value)
110 - 64 clk
111 - 128 clk
CCR5:
Bit Name Description
7 Reserved
6 VIPERM If = 1 then prevents any access to contol registers outside of
range C0..CF if MAPEN in CCR3 has the other value that 1.
Note:
This is effect of Disable CPU identification via DIR0
and DIR1 (reads FFh while VIPERM=1 and MAPEN != 1).
5 ARREN (Address region registers Enable)
If =1 then Enable all ARRs,
If =0 all ARRs disable, but if SM3=1 then ARR3 enable.
4 LBR1
If =1 LBA# pin asserted for all accesses to the 640KB-1MB
region
3..2 Reserved
1 SLOP (Slow Loop Instruction)
Slow Loop instruction make CPU more compatible with Pentium
for critical-timing rootining.
0 WT_ALLOC
If =1 new cache lines allocated for both read misses and
write misses, else only on read misses.
DIR0:
Bit Description
7..0 (Device Identification)
Value Description Core/Bus clk Note
20h or 22h 6x86 (M1) 1/1 Early 6x86
21h or 23h 6x86 (M1) 2/1
25h or 27h 6x86 (M1) 4/1
24h or 26h 6x86 (M1) 3/1
30h or 32h 6x86 (M1) 1/1 Modern 6x86
31h or 33h 6x86 (M1) 2/1
35h or 37h 6x86 (M1) 4/1
34h or 36h 6x86 (M1) 3/1
DIR1:
Bit Name Description
7..4 SID Stepping Identificator
3..0 RID Revision Identification
Value Description
0xh - Old Cyrix Samplers of 6x86 ???
1xh - Normal 6x86.
10h,11h,12h - Early 6x86s (with DIR0 = 2xh)
14h - v2.4
15h - v2.5
16h - v2.6
17h - v2.7 or 3.7
(first with no NT problems, with SLOP bit).
2xh - 6x86L (Dual Voltage,Lower Power)
20h,21h - Samplers
22h - v4.0 (no SLOP support)
Note: Register with Index FCh contains CPU family.
Initialized by 05h, but may be changed by USER, look CPUID instruction
for more info.
see Appendix A1 for more info about identification
-----------------------------
Format of TR1,TR2 registers:
(Table )
Note: Need to Enable MOV to/from TR1/2 using DBR0 register in processor
control space.
TR1:
Bits Description
31..5? ?????
5..3 Index of register in BTB Control space.
(Register will be accesable via TR2)
2..0 ????
TR2:
Data, which will be written/reading from/to register
Registers in BTB control space:
Reg 4 - ???????
Reg 5:
Bits Description
0 BTB Disable
1 Far BTB COF hits enable.
If =1 enable BTB to predict intersegment jumps.
2 Return Stack Enable
3 ???? (used)
4..31 ?????
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX A6
Cyrix Cx6x86MX (M2)
for access
Register Full Register Name Index size(bits) MAPEN(3..0)
CCR0 Configuration Control Register #0 C0H 8 x
CCR1 Configuration Control Register #1 C1H 8 x
CCR2 Configuration Control Register #2 C2H 8 x
CCR3 Configuration Control Register #3 C3H 8 x
ARR0 Address Region Register #0 C4H-C6H 24 x
ARR1 Address Region Register #1 C7H-C9H 24 x
ARR2 Address Region Register #2 CAH-CCH 24 x
ARR3 Address Region Register #3 CDH-CFH 24 x
ARR4 Address Region Register #4 D0H-D2H 24 1
ARR5 Address Region Register #5 D3H-D5H 24 1
ARR6 Address Region Register #6 D6H-D8H 24 1
ARR7 Address Region Register #7 D9H-DBH 24 1
RCR0 Region Configuration Register #0 DCh 8 1
RCR1 Region Configuration Register #1 DDh 8 1
RCR2 Region Configuration Register #2 DEh 8 1
RCR3 Region Configuration Register #3 DFh 8 1
RCR4 Region Configuration Register #4 E0h 8 1
RCR5 Region Configuration Register #5 E1h 8 1
RCR6 Region Configuration Register #6 E2h 8 1
RCR7 Region Configuration Register #7 E3h 8 1
CCR4 Configuration Control Register #4 E8h 8 1
CCR5 Configuration Control Register #5 E9h 8 1
CCR6 Configuration Control Register #6 EAh 8 1
DIR0 Device Identification register #0 FEH 8 x
DIR1 Device Identification register #1 FFH 8 x
For access to this register You need to do:
A) write INDEX_OF_REGISTER to I/O port #22H
B) wait 5-6 clocks
D) read/write DATA from/to register via I/O port #23
Note: If Index of register not in range C0H..CFH,FEH,FFH then Cyrix
CPU generated external bus cycle. If You try to read I/O port
#22H CPU will generated external bus cycle too. Then index
is out of range all operations with port #23H will generate
external bus cycle.
State After Reset:
CCR1 00H
CCR2 00H
CCR3 00H
SMAR 0
DIR0 see DIR0 description
DIR1 see DIR1 description
format of registers:
CCR0:
Bit Name Description
7..2 Reserved
1 NC1 (Non-cachable 1MB)
If =1 then area 640KM-1MB is non-cachable.
CCR1:
Bit Name Description
7 SM3 (System Managment Address Region 3)
If =1 then ARR3 used as SMM address space region
6..5 Reserved
4 NO_LOCK (No Lock Cycles)
If =1 all bus cycles are issued with LOCK# pin negated, except
page tables access and INTA cycles.
3 Reserved
2 SMAC (System Managment Memory Access)
If =1 Any access within SMM memory space issued with SMAADS#
output active, SMI# ignored
=0 No affects on access
1 SMI (Enable SMM pins)
If =1 then enable SMI# i/o pin and SMADS# output pin
=0 Float it
0 Reserved
CCR2:
Bit Name Description
7 SUSP (Enable Suspend pins)
If =1 SUSP# input and SUSPA# output pins enabled
=0 Float
6..5 Reserved
4 WPR1 (Write-Protected Region 1)
If =1 then any cachable accesses in the 640KB-1MB region
are Write-Protected
3 HALT (Suspend on HALT)
If =1 CPU enters suspend mode following execution
HLT instruction.
2 LOCK_NW (Lock NW bit)
If =1 Prohibits changing the state of NW bit in CR0
1 SADS
If =1 CPU insert an idle cyce following the BRDY# and idle
cycle prior to asserting ADS#
0 Reserved
CCR3:
Bit Name Description
7..4 MAPEN(3-0) (Register Mapping Enable)
If set to 0001b all register accessible,
else 0000h then accessed only (C0h-CFh,FEh,FFh)
3 Reserved
2 LINBRST
If =1, CPU will use linear address sequence when performing
burst cycle, If =0 CPU will used 1+4 address sequence.
1 NMIEN (NMI Enable)
If =1 then NMI enable during SMM
If =0 NMI don't recognizing during SMM
0 SMI_LOCK (SMM Register Lock)
If =1 the following SMM control bits can not
be modified:
CCR1: bits 1,2,3
CCR3: bit 1
CCR6: bits 6,1,0
ARR3: Starting address and Block size
But this bit may be changed in SMM.
This bit (SMI_LOCK) clearing RESET only.
ARRi:
-- Starting Address --- Region
ARR # A31-A24 A23-A16 A15-A12 Block Size
7..0 7..0 7..4 3..0 (Bits)
ARR0 C4h C5h C6h C6h (Index)
ARR1 C7h C8h C9h C9h
ARR2 CAh CBh CCh CCh
ARR3 CDh CEh CFh CFh
ARR4 D0h D1h D2h D2h
ARR5 D3h D4h D5h D5h
ARR6 D6h D7h D8h D8h
ARR7 D9h DAh DBh DBh
(ARRi^)
(index)
(Index ARRi+0)
Bit Description
7..0 A31..A24 bits of starting adress of region #i
(Index ARRi+1)
Bit Description
7..0 A23..A16 bits of starting adress of region #i
(Index ARRi+2)
Bit Description
7..4 A15..A12 bits of starting adress of region #i
3..0 Size of region #i :
Value ARR0-ARR6 ARR7
0000 **** region disabled ****
0001 4K 256K
0010 8K 512K
0011 16K 1M
0100 32K 2M
0101 64K 4M
0110 128K 8M
0111 256K 16M
1000 512K 32M
1001 1M 64M
1010 2M 128M
1011 4M 256M
1100 8M 512M
1101 16M 1G
1110 32M 2G
1111 4G 4G
RCRi:
Bit Name ARR# Description
7 any Reserved
6 INV_RGN 0..6 If =1, then all memory outside specific memory region
treated as RCR flags for this region
(Inversion)
5 any Reserved
4 WT any If =1 Write-Throught caching is enable for region
3 WG any If =1 Write Gathering enabled for region
2 WL any If =1 Weak Locking enable for region
1 any Reserved
0 CD any If =1 address region is non-cachable
CCR4:
Bit Name Description
7 CPUIDEN (Enable CPUID instruction)
If =1 bit 21 of EFLAGS (ID) may changed, and CPUID instruction
enabled,
else bit 21 of EFLAGS =0 forever and CPUID caused INT 6 -
Invalid Opcode
6..3 Reserved
2..0 IORT[2..0]
Specify minimum number of bus clocks between two I/O
accesses (I/O recovery time)
000 - 1 clk
001 - 2 clk
010 - 4 clk
011 - 8 clk
100 - 16 clk
101 - 32 clk (Default Value)
110 - 64 clk
111 - no delay
Note: 6x86 (M1), 000 - no delay, 111 - 128 clk
CCR5:
Bit Name Description
7..6 Reserved
5 ARREN (Address region registers Enable)
If =1 then Enable all ARRs,
If =0 all ARRs disable, but if SM3=1 then ARR3 enable.
4..1 Reserved
0 WT_ALLOC
If =1 new cache lines allocated for both read misses and
write misses, else only on read misses.
CCR6:
Bit Name Description
7 Reserved
6 N (Nested SMI Enable bit)
If =1 enable nesting of SMI
If = 0 disabled.
(This bit automatically cleared when entered every SMI routine)
5..2 Reserved
1 WP_ARR3 (Write Protected Memory Region # 3)
if =1 Memory region defined by ARR3 is write-protected,
when operating outside SMM mode
0 SMM_MODE (SMM Mode)
if = 1 Enable Cyrix Enhanced SMM
if = 0 Disable Cyrix Enhanced SMM
DIR0:
Bit Description
7..0 (Device Identification)
Value Description Core/Bus clk
5xh 6x86MX (see APPENDIX B for more details)
DIR1:
Bit Name Description
7..4 SID Stepping Identificator
3..0 RID Revision Identification
see Appendix A1 for more info about identification
Note: Try to test some Undocument Registers from Cx6x86.
----------------------------------------------
APPENDIX B
Codes which returned after Reset in EDX
DH DL
Type of CPU Steppin Model ID Revision
------------------------------------------------------------
i386DX A (00h) ??? :Early Models
B0-B10 03h 03h
04h :???
D0 05h
D1-D2 08h
E0,E1,F0 08h
------------------------------------------------------------
Am386DX/DXL A 03h 05h
B 08h
------------------------------------------------------------
i386SX A0 23h 04h
B 05h
C,D,E 08h
------------------------------------------------------------
Am386SX/SXL A1 23h 05h
B 08h
------------------------------------------------------------
Intel386CXSA A 23h 09h
------------------------------------------------------------
Intel386CXSB A 23h 09h
------------------------------------------------------------
i386EX A 23h 09h
------------------------------------------------------------
Intel386SXSA ? 23h 09h
------------------------------------------------------------
i376 A0 33h 05h
B 08h
------------------------------------------------------------
i386SL A0-A3 43h 0xh (05H)
B0-B1 1xh
------------------------------------------------------------
RapidCAD (tm) A 03h 40h
B 41h
------------------------------------------------------------
IBM 386SLC A A3h xxh
------------------------------------------------------------
Cx486SLC A 04h 10h
------------------------------------------------------------
TI486SLC/DLC/e A 04h 10h
B 11h
------------------------------------------------------------
TI486SXL/SXLC A 04h 10h
B 11h
------------------------------------------------------------
i486DX A0/A1 04h 00h
B2-B6 01h
C0 02h
C1 03h
D0 04h
cA2,cA3 10h
cB0,cB1 11h
cC0 13h
aA0,aA1 14h : SL Enhanced
aB0 15h : SL Enhanced
------------------------------------------------------------
Am486DX any 04h 12h
------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U5SD any 04h 1xh
------------------------------------------------------------
i486SX A0 04h 20h
B0 22h
bBx 23h : SL Enhanced
gAx 24h
cA0 27h
cB0 28h
aA0,aA1 2Ah : SL Enhanced
aB0,aC0 2Bh : SL Enhanced
------------------------------------------------------------
i487SX A0 04h 20h
B0 21h
------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U5S any 04h 23h
------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U5SX 486-A any 04h 23h
------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U5SD 04h 23h
------------------------------------------------------------
Cx5x86 0,rev 1- 04h 29h : core/bus clk=2/1 +clones
2Bh : core/bus clk=2/1 +clones
2Dh : core/bus clk=3/1 +clones
2Fh : core/bus clk=3/1 +clones
------------------------------------------------------------
i486DX2 & A0-A2 04h 32h
OverDrive (tm) B1 33h
aA0,aA1 34h : SL Enhanced
aB0,aC0 35h : SL Enhanced
------------------------------------------------------------
Am486DX2 any 04h 32h : 66 and 80 MHz
------------------------------------------------------------
Am486DXL2 any 04h 32h
------------------------------------------------------------
Am486DX4 any 04h 32h : Original
any 04h 84h : Enhanced in WT mode
04h 94h : Enhanced in WB mode
------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U486DX2 any 04h 3xh : ???
------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U486SX2 any 04h 5xh : ???
------------------------------------------------------------
i486SL A 04h 40h
?? 41h
------------------------------------------------------------
i486SX2 aC0 04h 5Bh : SL Enhanced
------------------------------------------------------------
IntelSX2 (tm) A 04h 5xh
OverDrive (tm)
------------------------------------------------------------
WB Enh IntelDX2 A 04h 70h : in WB mode
(P24D) 36h : in WT mode
------------------------------------------------------------
IBM BL486DX2 A 04h 80h
------------------------------------------------------------
IntelDX4 (tm) A 04h 80h
------------------------------------------------------------
TI TI486DX2 any 04h 80h
------------------------------------------------------------
TI TI486DX4 any 04h 81h
------------------------------------------------------------
IntelDX4 (tm) A 14h 80h : DX4ODPR (5V IntelDX4)
OverDrive (tm)
------------------------------------------------------------
Cx5x86 0,rev 2+ 04h 90h
------------------------------------------------------------
Write-Back Enh. A 04h 83h : WT Mode
IntelDX4 (tm) 90h : WB mode
------------------------------------------------------------
AMD Am5x86 A 04h 84h : x3, WT mode
94h : x3, WB mode
E4h : x4, WT mode
F4h : x4, WB mode
------------------------------------------------------------
IBM 486SLC A A4h 0xh
------------------------------------------------------------
IBM 486SLC2 Ax A4h 1xh
Bx 2xh
?? 3xh
------------------------------------------------------------
IBM 486BLX3 A 84h xxh
------------------------------------------------------------
Cyrix M5 all 00h 05h
(Cx486S/D)
------------------------------------------------------------
Cyrix M6 all 00h 06h
(Cx486DX)
------------------------------------------------------------
Cyrix M7 all 00h 07h
(Cx486DX2)
------------------------------------------------------------
Cyrix M8 all 00h 08h
(Cx486DX4)
------------------------------------------------------------
Am5k86 (SSA/5) all 05h 0xh
E 05h 00h
F 01h
------------------------------------------------------------
Am5k86 (K5) all 05h 1xh : (x1.5)
05h 2xh : (x1.75)
05h 3xh : (x2)
------------------------------------------------------------
Am6k86 (K6) all 05h 6xh
7xh
8xh
9xh
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium (P5) Ax 05h 0xh : (FPU bug)
B1 05h 13h : (FPU bug)
B2 05h 14h : (FPU bug)
C1 05h 15h : (FPU bug)
D1 05h 17h
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium (P54C) B1 05h 21h : (FPU bug)
(P54CS) B3 05h 22h : (FPU bug)
(P54CSQ) B5 05h 24h : (FPU bug)
C1 05h 25h
C2 25h
E0 26h : 75,90,100,120 MHz
cB1 2Bh : 120,133 MHz
cC0 2Ch : 133,150,166,200 MHz
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium mA1 05h 25h
(P54LM) mcB1 2Bh
(Mobile) mcC0 2Ch
(Vcc=2.9V) mA4 70h
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium Overdrive B1 15h 31h : PODP5V63, PODP5V83
(Vcc=5V)(P24T) B2 15h 31h : (Socket 3,6)
C0 15h 32h
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium OverDrive tA0 05h 1Ah : PODP5V120, PODP5V133
(P5T) : (Socket 4)
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium OverDrive aC0 05h 2Ch : PODP3V125, PODP3V150
(P54T) : PODP3V166
: (Socket 5,7)
------------------------------------------------------------
NexGen Nx586 05h 0xh
04h : 120 MHz
06h : 133 MHz
------------------------------------------------------------
Cx6x86 05h 2xh : early models
(M1) 30h : core/bus = 1/1
32h : core/bus = 1/1
31h : core/bus = 2/1
33h : core/bus = 2/1
34h : core/bus = 3/1
36h : core/bus = 3/1
35h : core/bus = 4/1
37h : core/bus = 4/1
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium w/MMX A1 05h 41h
(P55C) A2 42h
xB1/mxB1 43h
xA3/mxA3 44h
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium MMX oxA3 15h 44h
OverDrive (P55CTP)
------------------------------------------------------------
CxGx86 05h 4xh
------------------------------------------------------------
Cx6x86MX 06h 51h : core/bus = 2/1
(M2) 06h 53h : core/bus = 3/1
06h 54h : core/bus = 3.5/1
06h 55h : core/bus = 2.5/1
06h 59h : core/bus = 2/1
06h 5Ah : core/bus = 2.5/1
06h 5Bh : core/bus = 3/1
06h 5Ch : core/bus = 3.5/1
------------------------------------------------------------
Intel Pentium OverDrive 25h 2xh : will be Set as second CPU
(P54M)
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium Pro (P6) 06h 0xh ; Engineering Sample 133MHz 0.6mkm
06h 11h ; Engineering Sample 150MHz
B0 06h 11h ; 133,150 MHz
C0 06h 12h ; 150 MHz
sA0 06h 16h ; 166,180,200 MHz
sA1 06h 17h ; 166,180,200 MHz
sB1 06h 19h ; 166,180,200 MHz
------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium II C0 06h 33h
(P6L,Klamath)
------------------------------------------------------------
OverDrive for 16h 3xh
Socket 8 (P6T)
------------------------------------------------------------
Note: For detection Cyrix's chips refer to APPENDIX A1.
Note: Then Intel Pentium and higher chips, included APIC and setup as
dual processor, wheys id code changed from 0xxxh to 2xxxh.
--------------------------------------------
APPENDIX C0
iCOMP index for Intel's Microprocessors
i386SX-20 32
i386SX-25 39
i386SL-25 41
i386DX-25 49
i386DX-33 68
i486SX-20 78
i486SX-25 100 ; Base model for test iCOMP=100 by define
i486DX-25 122
i486SX-33 136
i486DX-33 166
i486DX2-20/40 166
IntelSX2-25/50 180
i486DX2-25/50 231
i486DX-50 249
IntelDX4-20/60 258
i486DX2-33/66 297
Pentium OverDrive-20/50 314 ; P24T
IntelDX4-25/75 319 ; P24C
IntelDX4-33/100 435 ; P24C
Pentium OverDrive-25/63 443 ; P24T
Pentium-(510\60) 510 ; P5
Pentium-(567\66) 567 ; P5
Pentium OverDrive-33/83 581 ; P24T
Pentium-(610\75) 610 ; P54C,P54LM
Pentium-(735\90) 735 ; P54C,P54LM
Pentium-(815\100) 815 ; P54C
Pentium-(1000\120) 1000 ; P54CSQ
Pentium-(133) 1110 ; P54CSQ
iCOMP index 2.0 for Intel Microprocessors
Pentium-75 67
Pentium-90 81
Pentium-100 90
Pentium-120 100 ; Base Model iCOMP 2.0 = 100
Pentium-133 111
Pentium-150 114
Pentium-166 127
Pentium-200 142
Pentium Pro-150 168
Pentium Pro-180 197
Pentium Pro-200 220
----------------------------------------------
APPENDIX C1
Cyrix Microprocessors Relative Perfomance
Cyrix Inc. Used for declaration of perfomance of
theys microprocessors tests based on PC Bench 8.0
and normalization.
CPU Perfomance Scores
Cx486SLC-25 36
Cx486SLC-33 39
Cx486SLC2-50 40
Cx486DLC-33 69
Cx486DLC-40 83
Cx486DX-33 100 ; <--- Base Point
Cx486DX-40 118
Cx486DX2-50 139
Cx486DX-50 148
Cx486DX2-66 179
Cx486DX2-V80 209
----------------------------------------------
APPENDIX C2
CPU's perfomance
Note: Data was get on different M/B and configurations, so treat this
tables like simple numbers, which said perfomance is xxx +-10%.
CPUMark 32 CPUMark 16 P-rating
AMD Am5k86-75 (SSA/5) 154
AMD Am5k86-90 (SSA/5) 187
AMD Am5k86-100 (SSA/5) 208
AMD Am5k86-133 (K5) 271 247
AMD Am5k86-166 (K5) 306 303
Pentium-75 174 168
Pentium-90 210 201
Pentium-100 233 223
Pentium-120 257 247
Pentium-133 283 278
Pentium-150 286 296
Pentium-166 321 326
Pentium-200 358
Cyrix Cx6x86-P120+ 235 247
Cyrix Cx6x86-P133+ 260
Cyrix Cx6x86-P150+ 283 298
Cyrix Cx6x86-P166+ 316 329
Cyrix Cx6x86-P200+ 350 340
Pentium w/MMX-166 378 380
Pentium w/MMX-200 425 429
Pentium Pro-150-256 420
Pentium Pro-180-256 493
Pentium Pro-200-256 540 358
Pentium Pro-200-512 610
AMD Am6k86-200 520 427
Pentium II-233 632 468
Pentium II-266 721 536
Pentium II-300 813 603
------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX D0
Pentium P54C+ Build-in APIC
(Advanced programmable Interrupt Controller)
Base Address of Build-in APIC in memory location
is 0FEE00000H.
Map of APIC REgisters:
Offset (hex) Description Read/Write state
0 Reserved
10 Reserved
20 Local APIC ID R/W
30 Local APIC Version R
40-70 Reserved
80 Task Priority Register R/W
90 Arbitration Priority Register R
A0 Processor Priority Register R
B0 EOI Register W
C0 Remote read R
D0 Logical Destination R/W
E0 Destination Format Register 0..27 R
28..31 R/W
F0 Spurious Interrupt Vector Reg. 0..3 R
4..9 R/W
100-170 ISR 0-255 R
180-1F0 TMR 0-255 R
200-270 IRR 0-255 R
280 Error Status Register R
290-2F0 Reserved
300 Interrupt Command Reg. (0-31) R/W
310 Interrupt Command Reg. (32-63) R/W
320 Local Vector Table (Timer) R/W
330-340 Reserved
350 Local Vector Table (LINT0) R/W
360 Local Vector Table (LINT1) R/W
370 Local Vector Table (ERROR) R/W
380 Initial Count Reg. for Timer R/W
390 Current Count of Timer R
3A0-3D0 Reserved
3E0 Timer Divide Configuration Reg. R/W
3F0 Reserved
Note: Pentium-120MHz (Step C2) Never have APIC
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX D1 INTEL 386/486SL REGISTERS
Note: Intel Chipset for SL microprocessors (i386SL,i486SL) contain
self CPU and 82360SL chip.
[i386SL]
Note: address of register in Normal I/O space
Name of Register Address Default Value Where placed Size
CPUPWRMODE 22h 0 CPU 16
CFGSTAT 23h 0 82360SL 8
CFGINDEX 24h 0 82360SL 16
CFGDATA 25h xxh 82360SL 16
EMSCNTLREG 28h 0 CPU 8
EMSINDEXREG 2Ah 0 CPU 16
EMSDPREG 2Ch xxh CPU 16
PORT92 92h 0 CPU 8
PORT102 102h 0 CPU 8
FAIL SAFE NMI CTRL 461h 0 CPU 8
The followed ports visible only when they enabled,
Any writes to this ports caused the action it named.
FAST CPU RESET EFh N/A 82360SL 8
FAST A20 GATE EEh N/A 82360SL 8
SLOW CPU F4h N/A CPU 8
FAST CPU F5h N/A CPU 8
SFS DISABLE F9h N/A CPU 8
SFS ENABLE FBh N/A CPU 8
Format of CPUPWRMODE register (i386SL):
Bits Name Description (Table )
15 DT If Unlock Status { // See bit 0 of this register
if bit=0 then access to 82360SL
if bit=1 then access to CPUPWRMODE register
}
If Lock Staus { // i.e.SB=1
(De-Turbo Select Bit) Selected clock speed
If bit=0 then EFI/2
If bit=1 then EFI/4
}
14 0 Reserved
13..11 IMCPC (Idle MCP Clock)
13.12.11 Description
000 EFI
001 EFI/2
010 EFI/4
011 EFI/8
100 EFI/16
101 Reserved
110 Reserved
111 Stop Clock
10,9 SLC (Slow CPU clock)
10.9 Description
00 EFI
01 EFI/2
10 EFI/4
11 EFI?8
8 CPUCNFG
If =1 CPU Lock. (Write Protect to CPUPMODE register)
7 FD (Flash Disk Enable)
If bit=1 then phisical addresses D0000H - DFFFFh
automatically never caching.
6 0 Reserved
5,4 FCC (Fast CPU clock)
5.4 Description
00 EFI
01 EFI/2
10 EFI/4
11 EFI/8
3,2 US (Unit Select)
Select Unit of 82360SL which will be accessable through 23h-25h
I/O Ports
3.2 Description
00 On-Board Memory Controller
01 Cache Unit
10 Internal Bus Unit
11 External Bus Unit
1 UE (Unit Enable)
If =1 Enable to Access Units
else enable to access System bus.
0 SB (Status Bit)
If =0 Enable access to CPUPWRMODE register
If =1 Disable
Format of EMSCNTLREG:
Bits Description (Table )
7 (Global Enable)
If =1 EMS enable
6 Valid bit
5 EMSDP Status Bit (Read Only)
4..2 Reserved
1..0 Active EMS Set (0-3)
Format of EMSINDEXREG:
Bits Description (Table )
15..10 Reserved
9..8 EMS set (0-3)
7..6 Reserved
5..0 EMS Page Register Index (0-64)
Format of EMSDPREG:
Bits Description (Table )
15 This EMS Page Enable (i.e. page indexed by EMSINDEXREG)
14 EMS Valid bit
13..11 reserved
10..0 Address lines A24..A14 for page selected by EMSINDEXREG
Important Note:
i386SL have SIGNATURE register have index 30Eh in On-Board Memory Controller
Configuration Space. This Register contain Stepping Info of i386SL.
Stepping Signature Register DX register after reset
A0 4300h 4310h
A1 4300h 4310h
A2 4301h 4310h
A3 4302h 4310h
B0 4310h 4311h
B1 4311h 4311h
[i486SL]
Note: address of register in Normal I/O space
Name of Register Address Default Value Where placed Size
CPUPWRMODE 22h 100H CPU 16
CFGSTAT 23h 0 82360SL 8
CFGINDEX 24h 0 82360SL 16
CFGDATA 25h xxh 82360SL 16
PORT92 92h 0 CPU 8
PORT102 102h 0 CPU 8
FAIL SAFE NMI CTRL 461h 0 CPU 8
The followed ports visible only when they enabled
FAST CPU RESET EFh N/A 82360SL 8
FAST A20 GATE EEh N/A 82360SL 8
SLOW CPU F4h N/A CPU 8
FAST CPU F5h N/A CPU 8
SFS DISABLE F9h N/A CPU 8
SFS ENABLE FBh N/A CPU 8
Format of CPUPWRMODE register (i486SL):
Bits Name Description (Table )
15 DT If Unlock Status { // See bit 0 of this register
if bit=0 then access to 82360SL
if bit=1 then access to CPUPWRMODE register
}
If Lock Staus { // i.e.SB=1
(De-Turbo Select Bit) Selected clock speed
If bit=0 then EFI/2
If bit=1 then EFI/4
}
14..13 0 Reserved
12 FPUERROR
This bit controlled access to I/O port 0F0h,
if =0 then access to internal F0h port,
If =1 then access ISA bus.
11..9 0 Reserved
8 CPUCNFG
If =1 CPU Lock. (Write Protect to CPUPMODE register)
7 0 RESERVED
6,5 FCC (Fast CPU clock)
5.4 Description
00 CPUCLK=definition=EFI/2
01 CPUCLK/2
10 CPUCLK/4
11 CPUCLK/8
4 0 Reserved
3,2 US (Unit Select)
Select Unit of 82360SL which will be accessable through 23h-25h
I/O Ports
3.2 Description
00 On-Board Memory Controller
01 Reserved
10 Internal Bus Unit
11 External Bus Unit
1 UE (Unit Enable)
If =1 Enable to Access Units
else enable to access System bus.
0 SB (Status Bit)
If =0 Enable access to CPUPWRMODE register
If =1 Disable
Important Note:
i486SL have SIGNATURE register have index 70Ah in On-Board Memory Controller
Configuration Space. This Register contain Stepping Info of i486SL.
Format Of this register provided below:
Bits Description
15..12 Member of Family (4h - SL)
11..8 Family (4h - 486 family)
7..0 Revision Name (Not Same as in DX after reset)
---------------------------------------------
APPENDIX E
Pentium (tm) Processor Pairing Instruction
Pentium (tm) is superscalar microprocessor
i.e. it may execute >1 instruction per CLK
cycle. It may execute maximum 2 instruction
per cycle.It have two integer pipes to execute
instruction. This pipes not same, and some
instruction may pairing (i.e. execute together)
(only if not link with this 2 instruction)
only in U pipe, some other only in V pipe, other
in any pipe,other absolutely not pairing and they
executed on U pipe only.
------ Integer Part
Note:
PU - is pairable if issued to U pipe
PV - is pairable if issued to V pipe
UV - pairable in either pipe
ADC Reg,Reg PU
Reg,Mem PU
Reg,Imm PU
Mem,Reg PU
Mem,Imm PU
ADD Reg,Reg UV
Reg,Mem UV
Reg,Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
Mem,Imm UV
AND Reg,Reg UV
Reg,Mem UV
Reg,Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
Mem,Imm UV
CALL direct PV
CMP Reg,Reg UV
Reg,Mem UV
Reg,Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
Mem,Imm UV
DEC Reg UV
Mem UV
INC Reg UV
Mem UV
Jcc any PV
JMP Short PV
Direct PV
LEA Reg,Mem UV
MOV Reg,Reg/Mem/Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
NOP UV
OR Reg,Reg UV
Reg,Mem UV
Reg,Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
Mem,Imm UV
POP Reg UV
PUSH Reg UV
Imm UV
Rotates/Shifts:
Reg,1 PU
Mem,1 PU
Reg,Imm PU
Mem,Imm PU
SUB Reg,Reg UV
Reg,Mem UV
Reg,Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
Mem,Imm UV
TEST Reg,Reg UV
Mem,Reg UV
Acc,Imm UV
XOR Reg,Reg UV
Reg,Mem UV
Reg,Imm UV
Mem,Reg UV
Mem,Imm UV
_____ Floating Part
Note: FX - Pairing with FXCH
(All other never pairing)
FABS FX
FADD FX
FADDP FX
FCHS FX
FCOM FX
FCOMP FX
FDIV/R/P/RP FX
FLD m32,m64,ST(i) FX Note: FLD m80 not pairing
FMUL/P FX
FSUB/P/R/RP FX
FTST FX
FUCOM/P/PP FX
For more information refer to:
1) Optimization for Intel's 32-Bit Processors
(Application Note AP-500)
Gary CArleton)
// Intel Corp. 1993
// Order Number 241799
2) Supplement to the Pentium (tm) Processor User's
Manual
// Intel Corp. 1993.
------------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX F0 NON FP OPCODES
Base Format of opcodes:
<Basecode> <Postbyte> <offset> <immediate_operands>
Format of Postbyte:
(Table )
MM RRR MMM
MM - Memory addresing mode
RRR - Register operand address
MMM - Memory operand address
RRR Register Names
Fields 8bit 16bit 32bit
000 AL AX EAX
001 CL CX ECX
010 DL DX EDX
011 BL BX EBX
100 AH SP ESP
101 CH BP EBP
110 DH SI ESI
111 BH DI EDI
16bit memory (No 32 bit memory address prefix):
MMM Default MM Field
Field Sreg 00 01 10 11=MMM is reg
000 DS [BX+SI] [BX+SI+O8] [BX+SI+O16]
001 DS [BX+DI] [BX+DI+O8] [BX+SI+O16]
010 SS [BP+SI] [BP+SI+O8] [BP+SI+O16]
011 SS [BP+DI] [BP+DI+O8] [BP+DI+O16]
100 DS [SI] [SI+O8] [SI+O16]
101 DS [DI] [DI+O8] [DI+O16]
110 SS [O16] [BP+O8] [BP+O16]
111 DS [BX] [BX+O8] [BX+O16]
Note: MMM=110,MM=00 Default Sreg is DS !!!!
32bit memory (Has 67h 32 bit memory address prefix):
MMM Default MM Field
Field Sreg 00 01 10 11=MMM is reg
000 DS [EAX] [EAX+O8] [EAX+O32]
001 DS [ECX] [ECX+O8] [ECX+O32]
010 DS [EDX] [EDX+O8] [EDX+O32]
011 DS [EBX] [EBX+O8] [EBX+O32]
100 see SIB [SIB] [SIB+O8] [SIB+O32]
101 SS [O32] [EBP+O8] [EBP+O32]
110 DS [ESI] [ESI+O8] [ESI+O32]
111 DS [EDI] [EDI+O8] [EDI+O32]
Note: MMM=110,MM=00 Default Sreg is DS !!!!
SIB is (Scale/Base/Index):
SS BBB III
Note: SIB address calculated as :
<SIB address>=<Base>+<Index>*(2^(Scale))
Field Default Base
BBB Sreg Register Note
000 DS EAX
001 DS ECX
010 DS EDX
011 DS EBX
100 SS ESP
101 DS O32 If MM=00 (Postbyte)
SS EBP If MM<>00 (Postbyte)
110 DS ESI
111 DS EDI
Field Index
III register Note
000 EAX
001 ECX
010 EDX
011 EBX
100 Never Index SS can be 00
101 EBP
110 ESI
111 EDI
Field Scale coefficient
SS =2^(SS)
00 1
01 2
10 4
11 8
Note:
<No comments> this code are for 8086 and all other processors
NECs : for NEC/Sony V20/V30/V40/V50 and all clones and upgrades
186+ : for 186/188 and higher
286+ : for 80286 and higher
386+ : for 80386 and higher
486+ : for i486 and higher
Pentium : for Pentiym
<specified> : specified
Main Table [TABLE00]:
00 ADD mem8,reg8
01 ADD mem,reg
02 ADD reg8,mem8
03 ADD reg,mem
04 ADD AL,imm8
05 ADD AX,imm
06 PUSH ES
07 POP ES
08 OR mem8,reg8
09 OR mem,reg
0A OR reg8,mem8
0B OR reg,mem
0C OR AL,imm8
0D OR AX,imm
0E PUSH CS
0F POP CS ; 8088 non CMOS versions
>>> TABLE 01 ; NECs & 286+
Invalid Opcode ; 186/188
10 ADC mem8,reg8
11 ADC mem,reg
12 ADC reg8,mem8
13 ADC reg,mem
14 ADC AL,imm8
15 ADC AX,imm
16 PUSH SS
17 POP SS
18 SBB mem8,reg8
19 SBB mem,reg
1A SBB reg8,mem8
1B SBB reg,mem
1C SBB AL,imm8
1D SBB AX,imm
1E PUSH DS
1F POP DS
20 AND mem8,reg8
21 AND mem,reg
22 AND reg8,mem8
23 AND reg,mem
24 AND AL,imm8
25 AND AX,imm
26 ES: segment prefix
27 DAA
28 SUB mem8,reg8
29 SUB mem,reg
2A SUB reg8,mem8
2B SUB reg,mem
2C SUB AL,imm8
2D SUB AX,imm
2E CS: segment prefix
2F DAS
30 XOR mem8,reg8
31 XOR mem,reg
32 XOR reg8,mem8
33 XOR reg,mem
34 XOR AL,imm8
35 XOR AX,imm
36 SS: segment prefix
37 AAA
38 CMP mem8,reg8
39 CMP mem,reg
3A CMP reg8,mem8
3B CMP reg,mem
3C CMP AL,imm8
3D CMP AX,imm
3E DS: segment prefix
3F AAS
40 INC AX
41 INC CX
42 INC DX
43 INC BX
44 INC SP
45 INC BP
46 INC SI
47 INC DI
48 DEC AX
49 DEC CX
4A DEC DX
4B DEC BX
4C DEC SP
4D DEC BP
4E DEC SI
4F DEC DI
50 PUSH AX
51 PUSH CX
52 PUSH DX
53 PUSH BX
54 PUSH SP
55 PUSH BP
56 PUSH SI
57 PUSH DI
58 POP AX
59 POP CX
5A POP DX
5B POP BX
5C POP SP
5D POP BP
5E POP SI
5F POP DI
60 PUSHA ;NECs & 186+
61 POPA ;NECs & 186+
62 BOUND reg,mem ;NECs & 186+
63 ARPL reg,mem ;286+ PM
64 FS: segment prefix ;386+
65 GS: segment prefix ;386+
66 Memory access size prefix ;386+
67 Operands size prefix ;386+
68 PUSH imm ;NECs & 186+
69 IMUL reg,imm,mem ;NECs & 186+
6A PUSH imm8 ;NECs & 186+
6B IMUL reg,imm8,mem ;NECs & 186+
6C INSB ;186+
6D INS ;186+
6E OUTSB ;186+
6F OUTS ;186+
70 JO rel8
71 JNO rel8
72 JC rel8
73 JNC rel8
74 JZ rel8
75 JNZ rel8
76 JNA rel8
77 JA rel8
78 JS rel8
79 JNS rel8
7A JP rel8
7B JNP rel8
7C JL rel8
7D JNL rel8
7E JNG rel8
7F JG rel8
80 code extention [1]
81 code extention [2]
82 code extention [3]
83 code extention [4]
84 TEST mem8,reg8
85 TEST mem,reg
86 XCHG mem8,reg8
87 XCHG mem,reg
88 MOV mem8,reg8
89 MOV mem,reg
8A MOV reg8,mem8
8B MOV reg,mem
8C code extention [5]
8D LEA reg,mem
8E code extention [6]
8F code extention [7]
90 NOP
91 XCHG AX,CX
92 XCHG AX,DX
93 XCHG AX,BX
94 XCHG AX,SP
95 XCHG AX,BP
96 XCHG AX,SI
97 XCHG AX,DI
98 CBW
66 98 CWDE ;386+
99 CWD
66 99 CDQ ;386+
9A CALL FAR seg:offs
9B WAIT
9C PUSHF
66 9C PUSHFD ; 386+
9D POPF
66 9D POPFD ; 386+
9E SAHF
9F LAHF
A0 MOV AL,[imm]
A1 MOV AX,[imm]
A2 MOV [imm],AL
A3 MOV [imm],ax
A4 MOVSB
A5 MOVS
A6 CMPSB
A7 CMPS
A8 TEST AL,imm8
A9 TEST AX,imm
AA STOSB
AB STOS
AC LODSB
AD LODS
AE SCASB
AF SCAS
B0 MOV AL,imm8
B1 MOV CL,imm8
B2 MOV DL,imm8
B3 MOV BL,imm8
B4 MOV AH,imm8
B5 MOV CH,imm8
B6 MOV DH,imm8
B7 MOV BH,imm8
B8 MOV AX,imm
B9 MOV CX,imm
BA MOV DX,imm
BB MOV BX,imm
BC MOV SP,imm
BD MOV BP,imm
BE MOV SI,imm
BF MOV DI,imm
C0 code extention [8]
C1 code extention [9]
C2 RET NEAR imm
C3 RET NEAR
C4 LES reg,mem
C5 LDS reg,mem
C6 code extention [10]
C7 code extention [11]
C8 ENTER imm,imm8 ;NECs & 186+
C9 LEAVE ;NECs & 186+
CA RET FAR imm
CB RET FAR
CC INT 3
CD INT imm8
CE INTO
CF IRET
D0 code extention [12]
D1 code extention [13]
D2 code extention [14]
D3 code extention [15]
D4 AAM imm8 ; Note: NECs w/o imm8 but D4 0A only
D5 AAD imm8 ; Note: NECs w/o imm8 but D4 0A only
D6 SETALC ;286+
D7 XLAT
D8-DF ESC imm6,mem ; Note: Refer to future part
; Cooprocessor commands.
E0 LOOPNZ rel8
E1 LOOPZ rel8
E2 LOOP rel8
E3 JCXZ rel8
66 E3 JECXZ rel8 ; 386+
E4 IN AL,imm8
E5 IN AX,imm8
E6 OUT imm8,AL
E7 OUT imm8,AX
E8 CALL NEAR rel16
E9 JMP NEAR rel16
EA JMP FAR seg:offs
EB JMP SHORT rel8
EC IN AL,DX
ED IN AX,DX
EE OUT DX,AL
EF OUT DX,AX
F0 LOCK prefix
F1 SMI ; AMD Am386/486DXLV
F2 REPNZ
F3 REP/REPZ
F4 HLT
F5 CMC
F6 code extention [16]
F7 code extention [17]
F8 CLC
F9 STC
FA CLI
FB STI
FC CLD
FD STD
FE code extention [18]
FF code extention [19]
[TABLE 01]:
Note: First Byte of Operation is 0Fh
00 Extended Opcode 20 ; 286+
01 Extended Opcode 21 ; 286+
02 LAR reg,mem ; 286+
03 LSL reg,mem ; 286+
04 LOADALL ; Alternative 286 ; 286 only
05 LOADALL ; 286 ; 286 only
05 SYSCALL ; Am6k86
06 CLTS ; 286+
07 LOADALL ; i386,486 ; 386-486, Never Pentium
RES3 ; AMD Am386zXLV
RES4 ; AMD Am486DXLV
ICERET ; IBM 386SLC,486SLC,486SLC2
SYSRET ; Am6k86
08 INVD ; 486+
09 WBINVD ; 486+
0A Reserved, INT 6
0B UD2 ; all, but documented on Pentium Pro only
0C-0F Reserved, INT 6
10 UMOV mem8,reg8 ; Really different op. space ; 386-486,Never Pentium
; on AMD Amz86zXLV, never P6, Cx5x86+
TEST1 mem8,CL ; NEC V20+
11 UMOV mem,reg ; see 0Fh,10h
TEST1 mem,CL ; NEC V20+
12 UMOV reg8,mem8 ; see 0Fh,10h
CLEAR1 mem8,CL ; NEC V20+
13 UMOV reg,mem ; see 0Fh,10h
CLEAR1 mem,CL ; NEC V20+
14 SET1 mem8,CL ; NEC V20+
15 SET1 mem,CL ; NEC V20+
16 NOT1 mem8,CL ; NEC V20+
17 NOT1 mem,CL ; NEC V20+
18 TEST1 mem8,imm8 ; NEC V20+
19 TEST1 mem,imm8 ; NEC V20+
1A CLEAR1 mem8,imm8 ; NEC V20+
1B CLEAR1 mem,imm8 ; NEC V20+
1C SET1 mem8,imm8 ; NEC V20+
1D SET1 mem,imm8 ; NEC V20+
1E NOT1 mem8,imm8 ; NEC V20+
1F NOT1 mem,imm8 ; NEC V20+
20 MOV reg32,CRn ; 386+
ADD4S ; NEC V20+
21 MOV reg32,DRn ; 386+
22 MOV CRn,reg32 ; 386+
SUB4S ; NEC V20+
23 MOV DRn,reg32 ; 386+
24 MOV reg32,TRn ; 386-486 only (Pentium never have TRs)
25
26 MOV TRn,reg32 ; 386-486 only
CMPS4S ; NEC V20+
27 reserved opcode
28 ROL4 mem8 ; NEC V20+
29 reserved opcode
2A ROL4 mem8 ; NEC V20+
2B-2F reserved opcodes
30 WRMSR ; Pentium, IBM 386SLC,486SLC/SLC2
31 RDTSC ; Pentium
INS reg8,reg8 ; NEC V20+ ; Note: NECINS
32 RDMSR ; Pentium, IBM 386SLC,486SLC/SLC2
33 EXT reg8,reg8 ; NEC V20+
RDMPC ; P6
36 RDSHR reg/mem32 ; Cx6x86MX (SMM only)
37 WRSHR reg/mem32 ; Cx6x86MX (SMM only)
40 CMOVO reg,mem ; P6
41 CMOVNO reg,mem ; P6
42 CMOVC reg,mem ; P6
43 CMOVNC reg,mem ; P6
44 CMOVZ reg,mem ; P6
45 CMOVNZ reg,mem ; P6
46 CMOVA reg,mem ; P6
47 CMOVNA reg,mem ; P6
48 CMOVS reg,mem ; P6
49 CMOVNS reg,mem ; P6
4A CMOVP reg,mem ; P6
4B CMOVNP reg,mem ; P6
4C CMOVL reg,mem ; P6
4D CMOVNL reg,mem ; P6
4E CMOVNG reg,mem ; P6
4F CMOVG reg,mem ; P6
60 PUNPCKLBW mm,mm/m32 ; MMX
61 PUNPCKLWD mm,mm/m32 ; MMX
62 PUNPCKLDQ mm,mm/m32 ; MMX
63 PACKSSWB mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
64 PCMPGTB mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
65 PCMPGTW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
66 PCMPGTD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
67 PACKUSWB mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
68 PUNPCKHBW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
69 PUNPCKHWD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
6A PUNPCKHDQ mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
6B PACKSSDW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
6C
6D
6E MOVD mm,r/m32 ; MMX
6F MOVD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
70
71 code extention [24] ; MMX
72 code extention [25] ; MMX
73 code extention [26] ; MMX
74 PCMPEQB mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
75 PCMPEQW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
76 PCMPEQD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
77 EMMS ; MMX
78 SVDC mem,sreg ; Cyrix M5+
79 RSDC sreg,mem ; Cyrix M5+
7A SVLDT mem ; Cyrix M5+
7B RSLDT mem ; Cyrix M5+
7C SVTS mem ; Cyrix M5+
7D RSTS mem ; Cyrix M5+
7E SMINT ; Cyrix M6+
7E MOVD r/m32,mm ; MMX
7F MOVD mm/m64,mm ; MMX
80 JO rel16 ; 386+
81 JNO rel16 ; 386+
82 JC rel16 ; 386+
83 JNC rel16 ; 386+
84 JZ rel16 ; 386+
85 JNZ rel16 ; 386+
86 JNA rel16 ; 386+
87 JA rel16 ; 386+
88 JS rel16 ; 386+
89 JNS rel16 ; 386+
8A JP rel16 ; 386+
8B JNP rel16 ; 386+
8C JL rel16 ; 386+
8D JNL rel16 ; 386+
8E JNG rel16 ; 386+
8F JG rel16 ; 386+
90 SETO mem8 ; 386+
91 SETNO mem8 ; 386+
92 SETC mem8 ; 386+
93 SETNC mem8 ; 386+
94 SETZ mem8 ; 386+
95 SETNZ mem8 ; 386+
96 SETNA mem8 ; 386+
97 SETA mem8 ; 386+
98 SETS mem8 ; 386+
99 SETNS mem8 ; 386+
9A SETP mem8 ; 386+
9B SETNP mem8 ; 386+
9C SETL mem8 ; 386+
9D SETNL mem8 ; 386+
9E SETNG mem8 ; 386+
9F SETG mem8 ; 386+
A0 PUSH FS ; 386+
A1 POP FS ; 386+
A2 CPUID ; 486 SL enhanced,Pentium,UMC,i386CX,P6,M1,K5
A3 BT mem,reg ; 386+
A4 SHLD mem,reg,imm ;386+
A5 SHLD mem,reg,CL ;386+
A6 XBTS reg,mem,AX,CL ; Intel (!!!) 80386 steps A0-B0
CMPXCHG mem8,reg8 ; Intel (!!!) 80486 steps A0-B0
A7 IBTS mem,AX,CL,reg ; Intel (!!!) 80386 steps A0-B0
CMPXCHG mem,reg ; Intel (!!!) 80486 steps A0-B0
A8 PUSH GS ; 386+
A9 POP GS ; 386+
AA RSM ; i486 SL Enhanced, i386CX, Pentium etc
AB BTS mem,reg ; 386+
AC SHRD mem,reg,imm ;386+
AD SHRD mem,reg,CL ;386+
AE
AF IMUL reg,mem ; 386+
B0 CMPXCHG mem8,reg8 ; 486+ (Intel B1+ step only)
B1 CMPXCHG mem,reg ; 486+ (Intel B1+ step only)
B2 LSS reg,mem ; 386+
B3 BTR mem,reg ; 386+
B4 LFS reg,mem ; 386+
B5 LGS reg,mem ; 386+
B6 MOVZX reg,mem8 ; 386+
B7 MOVZX reg32,mem ; 386+
B8
B9 UD2 ; one more Undefined Opcode-2
BA code extention [22]
BB BTC mem,reg ; 386+
BC BSF reg,mem ; 386+
BD BSR reg,mem ; 386+
BE MOVSX reg,mem8 ; 386+
BF MOVSX reg32,mem ; 386+
C0 XADD mem8,reg8 ; 486+
C1 XADD mem,reg ; 486+
C2-C6 reserved opcodes
C7 code extention [23]
C8 BSWAP EAX ; 486+
C9 BSWAP ECX ; 486+
CA BSWAP EDX ; 486+
CB BSWAP EBX ; 486+
CC BSWAP ESP ; 486+
CD BSWAP EBP ; 486+
CE BSWAP ESI ; 486+
CF BSWAP EDI ; 486+
D1 PSRLW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
D2 PSRLD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
D3 PSRLQ mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
D4
D5 PMULLW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
.......
E1 PSRAW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
E2 PSRAD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
E5 PMULHW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
......
F1 PSLLW mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
F2 PSLLD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
F3 PSLLQ mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
F5 PMULADDWD mm,mm/m64 ; MMX
......
D0-FE reserved opcodes
FF UD ; AMD Am5k86+ and all other CPUs
FF OIO ; Cyrix Cx6x86+ and all other CPUs
FF BRKEM imm8 ; NEC V20+
**************************************************
CODE EXTENTIONS:
First byte(s) look at TABLES#00,01
Next byte have format
MMOOOMMM : MM is memory mode (see postbyte)
OOO select operation in this extention code field
MMM is memory field (see Postbyte)
Code Extention # 1
(First byte(s) = 80h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ADD mem8,imm8
001 OR mem8,imm8
010 ADC mem8,imm8
011 SBB mem8,imm8
100 AND mem8,imm8
101 SUB mem8,imm8
110 XOR mem8,imm8
111 CMP mem8,imm8
Code Extention # 2
(First byte(s) = 81h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ADD mem,imm
001 OR mem,imm
010 ADC mem,imm
011 SBB mem,imm
100 AND mem,imm
101 SUB mem,imm
110 XOR mem,imm
111 CMP mem,imm
Code Extention # 3
(First byte(s) = 82h)
Note: On some models, undefined code do nothing, on any work as 83h
None INT 6 at all.
Field
OOO Operation
000 ADD mem8,simm8
001
010 ADC mem8,simm8
011 SBB mem8,simm8
100
101 SUB mem8,simm8
110
111 CMP mem8,simm8
Code Extention # 4
(First byte(s) = 83h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ADD mem,simm8
001 OR mem,simm8 ; 386+
010 ADC mem,simm8
011 SBB mem,simm8
100 AND mem,simm8 ; 386+
101 SUB mem,simm8
110 XOR mem,simm8 ; 388+
111 CMP mem,simm8
Code Extention # 5
(First byte(s) = 8Ch)
Field
OOO Operation
000 MOV mem,ES
001 MOV mem,CS
010 MOV mem,SS
011 MOV mem,DS
100 MOV mem,FS ; 386+
101 MOV mem,GS ; 386+
110
111
Code Extention # 6
(First byte(s) = 8Eh)
Field
OOO Operation
000 MOV ES,mem
001 MOV CS,mem ; Non CMOS version of 8086/8088 only
010 MOV SS,mem
011 MOV DS,mem
100 MOV FS,mem ; 386+
101 MOV GS,mem ; 386+
110
111
Code Extention # 7
(First byte(s) = 8Fh)
Note: i486 can eat any OOO.
Field
OOO Operation
000 POP mem
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Code Extention # 8
(First byte(s) = C0h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ROL mem8,imm8 ; 186+
001 ROR mem8,imm8 ; 186+
010 RCL mem8,imm8 ; 186+
011 RCR mem8,imm8 ; 186+
100 SHL mem8,imm8 ; 186+
101 SHR mem8,imm8 ; 186+
110 SAL mem8,imm8 ; 186+
111 SAR mem8,imm8 ; 186+
Code Extention # 9
(First byte(s) = C1h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ROL mem,imm8 ; 186+
001 ROR mem,imm8 ; 186+
010 RCL mem,imm8 ; 186+
011 RCR mem,imm8 ; 186+
100 SHL mem,imm8 ; 186+
101 SHR mem,imm8 ; 186+
110 SAL mem,imm8 ; 186+
111 SAR mem,imm8 ; 186+
Code Extention # 10
(First byte(s) = C6h)
Note: i486 can eat any OOO field.
Field
OOO Operation
000 MOV mem8,imm8
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Code Extention # 11
(First byte(s) = C7h)
Note: i486 can eat any OOO field
Field
OOO Operation
000 MOV mem,imm16
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
Code Extention # 12
(First byte(s) = D0h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ROL mem8,1
001 ROR mem8,1
010 RCL mem8,1
011 RCR mem8,1
100 SHL mem8,1
101 SHR mem8,1
110 SAL mem8,1
111 SAR mem8,1
Code Extention # 13
(First byte(s) = D1h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ROL mem,1
001 ROR mem,1
010 RCL mem,1
011 RCR mem,1
100 SHL mem,1
101 SHR mem,1
110 SAL mem,1
111 SAR mem,1
Code Extention # 14
(First byte(s) = D2h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ROL mem8,CL
001 ROR mem8,CL
010 RCL mem8,CL
011 RCR mem8,CL
100 SHL mem8,CL
101 SHR mem8,CL
110 SAL mem8,CL
111 SAR mem8,CL
Code Extention # 15
(First byte(s) = D3h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 ROL mem,CL
001 ROR mem,CL
010 RCL mem,CL
011 RCR mem,CL
100 SHL mem,CL
101 SHR mem,CL
110 SAL mem,CL
111 SAR mem,CL
Code Extention # 16
(First byte(s) = F6h)
Note: Usually 001 do same thing as 000, TEST mem8,imm8
Field
OOO Operation
000 TEST mem8,imm8
001
010 NOT mem8
011 NEG mem8
100 MUL mem8
101 IMUL mem8
110 DIV mem8
111 IDIV mem8
Code Extention # 17
(First byte(s) = F7h)
Note: Usually 001 do same thing as 000, TEST mem,imm16
Field
OOO Operation
000 TEST mem,imm16
001
010 NOT mem
011 NEG mem
100 MUL mem
101 IMUL mem
110 DIV mem
111 IDIV mem
Code Extention # 18
(First byte(s) = FEh)
Field
OOO Operation
000 INC mem8
001 DEC mem8
010
011
100
101
110
111
Code Extention # 19
(First byte(s) = FFh)
Field
OOO Operation
000 INC mem
001 DEC mem
010 CALL NEAR mem
011 CALL FAR mem
100 JMP NEAR mem
101 JMP FAR mem
110 PUSH mem
111
Code Extention # 20
(First byte(s) = 0FH,00H)
Field
OOO Operation
000 SLDT mem ; 286+
001 STR mem ; 286+
010 LLDT mem ; 286+
011 LTR mem ; 286+
100 VERR mem ; 286+
101 VERW mem ; 286+
110
111
Code Extention # 21
(First byte(s) = 0Fh,01h)
Field
OOO Operation
000 SGDT mem ; 286+
001 SIDT mem ; 286+
010 LGDT mem ; 286+
011 LIDT mem ; 286+
100 SMSW mem ; 286+
101
110 LMSW mem ; 286+
111 INVLPG mem ; 486+
Code Extention # 22
(First byte(s) = 0Fh,BAh)
Field
OOO Operation
000
001
010
011
100 BT mem,imm8 ; 386+
101 BTS mem,imm8 ; 386+
110 BTR mem,imm8 ; 386+
111 BTC mem,imm8 ; 386+
Code Extention # 23
(First byte(s) = 0Fh,C7h)
Field
OOO Operation
000
001 CMPXCHG8B mem ; Pentium
010
011
100
101
110
111
------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX F1 FLOATING POINT OPCODES
ESC 0 (First byte = D8h)
==========================
ESCAPE 000 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11 If MM=11
000 FADD mem32r FADD ST,ST(i)
001 FMUL mem32r FMUL ST,ST(i)
010 FCOM mem32r FCOM ST(i)
011 FCOMP mem32r FCOMP ST(i)
100 FSUB mem32r FSUB ST,ST(i)
101 FSUBR mem32r FSUBR ST,ST(i)
110 FDIV mem32r FDIV ST,ST(i)
111 FDIVR mem32r FDIVR ST,ST(i)
ESC 1 (First byte = D9h)
==========================
ESCAPE 001 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11 If MM=11
000 FLD mem32r FLD ST(i)
001 empty FXCH ST(i)
010 FST mem32r See Table marked ESC1-Extended codes
011 FSTP mem32r FSTP ST(i)
100 FLDENV mem See Table marked ESC1-Extended codes
101 FLDCW mem See Table marked ESC1-Extended codes
110 FSTENV mem See Table marked ESC1-Extended codes
111 FSTCW mem See Table marked ESC1-Extended codes
ESC1-Extended codes:
\ RRR
MMM \ 010 100 101 110 111
000 FNOP FCHS FLD1 F2XM1 FPREM
001 FABS FLDL2T FYL2X FYL2XP1
010 FLDL2E FPTAN FSQRT
011 FLDPI FPATAN FSINCOS'
100 FTST FLDLG2 FXTRACT FRNDINT
101 FXAM FLDLN2 FPREM1 FSCALE
110 FLDZ FDECSTP FSIN'
111 FINCSTP FCOS'
' means 387+ (include 287XL/XLT, 187!!!)
ESC 2 (First byte = DAh)
==========================
ESCAPE 010 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11
000 FIADD mem32i
001 FIMUL mem32i
010 FICOM mem32i
011 FICOMP mem32i
100 FISUB mem32i
101 FISUBR mem32i
110 FIDIV mem32i
111 FIDIVR mem32i
Note: P6
DA C0+i FCMOVB ST0,STi
DA C8+i FCMOVE ST0,STi
DA D0+i FCMOVBE ST0,STi
DA D8+i FCMOVU ST0,STi
ESC 3 (First byte = DBh)
==========================
ESCAPE 011 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11
000 FILD mem32i
001
010 FIST mem32i
011 FISTP mem32i
100
101 FLD mem80r
110
111 FSTP mem80r
So,If MM=11 we have next command (first byte = DBh)
Mnemonic Second byte of code
FNENI E0H (8087 only, others do nothing)
FNDISI E1H (8087 only, others do nothing)
FNCLEX E2H
FNINIT E3H
FSETPM E4H (287s only)
FRSTPM E5H (287XL/XLT only)
FSTB0 E8H (IIT)
FSTB2 EAH (IIT)
FSTB1 EBH (IIT)
F4X4 F1H (IIT)
FRINT2 FCH (Cyrix)
FUCOMI ST0,STi E8H+i (P6)
FCMOVNB ST0,STi C0H+i (P6)
FCMOVNE ST0,STi C8H+i (P6)
FCMOVNBE ST0,STi D0H+i (P6)
FCMOVNU ST0,STi D8H+i (P6)
FCOMPI ST0,STi F0H+i (P6)
ESC 4 (First byte = DCh)
==========================
ESCAPE 100 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11 If MM=11
000 FADD mem64r FADD ST(i),ST
001 FMUL mem64r FMUL ST(i),ST
010 FCOM mem64r FCOM ST(i)
011 FCOMP mem64r FCOMP ST(i)
100 FSUB mem64r FSUB ST(i),ST
101 FSUBR mem64r FSUBR ST(i),ST
110 FDIV mem64r FDIV ST(i),ST
111 FDIVR mem64r FDIVR ST(i),ST
ESC 5 (First byte = DDh)
==========================
ESCAPE 101 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11 If MM=11
000 FLD mem64r FFREE ST(i)
001 FXCH ST(i)
010 FST mem64r FST ST(i)
011 FSTP mem64r FSTP ST(i)
100 FNRSTOR mem
101
110 FNSAVE mem FUCOM ST(i)
111 FSTSW mem FUCOMP ST(i)
Note: FRICHOP have opcode (DDh FCh) (Cyrix)
ESC 6 (First byte = DEh)
==========================
ESCAPE 110 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11 If MM=11
000 FIADD mem16i FADDP ST(i),ST
001 FIMUL mem16i FMULP ST(i),ST
010 FICOM mem16i FCOMP ST(i),ST
011 FICOMP mem16i
100 FISUB mem16i FSUBP ST(i),ST
101 FISUBR mem16i FSUBRP ST(i),ST
110 FIDIV mem16i FDIVP ST(i),ST
111 FIDIVR mem16i FDIVRP ST(i),ST
Note: FCOMPP have opcode (DEh D9h) (Intel and all)
ESC 7 (First byte = DFh)
==========================
ESCAPE 111 MMRRRMMM
==========================
Operation
RRR If MM<>11 If MM=11
000 FILD mem16i FFREE ST(i)
001 FXCH ST(i)
010 FIST mem16i FST ST(i)
011 FISTP mem16i FSTP ST(i)
100 FBLD mem80b
101 FILD mem64i
110 FBSTP mem80b
111 FISTP mem64i
Note: Next Instruction have opcodes:
Mnemonic Opcode
FNSTSW AX DFh E0h (287+)
FNSTDW AX DFh E1h (387SL Mobile)
FSTSG AX DFh E2h (387SL Mobile)
FRINEAR DFh FCh (Cyrix)
FUCOMIP ST0,STi DFH E8H+i (P6)
FCOMIP ST0,STi DFH F0H+i (P6)
------------------------------------------
APPENDIX G
BUGS & CPU IDENTIFICATION INFO
1) How to separate i386SX and i386DX
(Cx486SLC and Cx486DLC)
Note: With 386DX type CPU possible to used
287 class NPX, and bit 4 in CR0
ET - Extention Type on DX we may to
clear to 0, but for SX and REAL 486
this bit always 1.
Routine:
mov eax,cr0
push eax
and al,0efh
mov cr0,eax
mov eax,cr0
test al,10h
pop eax
mov cr0,eax
jne SX/SLC
jmp DX/DLC
2) How to separate i486SX and i487SX/i486DX/DX2 etc
Routine:
memory_location DW ?
mov memory_location,0
fninit
fstcw memory_location
cmp memory_location,037Fh
jz i486SX
jmp i486DX/DX2etc/i487SX
3) How to separate Cyrix's CPUs and other
Be sure that Your CPU no Pentium before
UMOV executed on Intel and other in
Non SM modes as MOV.
But Cyrix executed this instruction as
Double NOP, and never generate INT 6.
So.
Mem_Loc DW 1
xor ax,ax
umov ax,Mem_Loc
or ax,ax
jz Cyrix
jmp No_Cyrix
4) Standart Way: Part 1
(Intel recomended this way)
pushf
pop ax
and ax,0fffh ; Clear bits 15..12
push ax
popf
and ax,0f000h ; Is bits 15..12=0 ?
jz 286_CPU
and ax,8000h ; Is bit 15=0
jz 386_and_Higher
jmp 86_88and186_186etc
5) How separate 86/88, 186/188 and NECs
mov ax,1
mov cl,33
shl ax,cl
jnz 186_188
pusha ; Executed on 8086/8088 as JMP $+2
stc
jc NECs
jmp 86_88
6) Non CMOS 8086/88 execute command MOV CS,xxxx (Opcode 8Eh ...)
CMOS 80C86/88 ignore it.
7) Then Invalid Opcode NEC/Sony V40/V50 do INT 6
NEC/Sony V20/V30 don't.
8) Remember POP CS on 8086/8088.
9) PUSH SP
286 placed in stack new value of SP
86/88 old.
10) Best way to Reset 286+ in Real Mode:
xor sp,sp
push smth
11) Maximal Length of Instructian
86: N/R
286: 10 byte
386+: 15 byte
------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX H
Internal Names Of Processors
(Intel)
P9 i386SX
P4 i486DX
P4S i486SX
P23S i487SX
P23T OverDrive for PGA(169)
P4T OverDrive for PGA(168)
P24S i486DX2
P24T Pentium OverDrive for i486DX2 socket 3 (Vcc=5V,core=3V).
P24CT Pentium OverDrive for Socket 3 (Vcc=3V)
P5 Pentium-60,66
P5T Overdrive for P5 socket (120/133 MHz).
P54C Pentium-90,100,75 x1.5 usually with APIC and Multiprocessing features
P54CS Pentium-120,133 x2 with reduced APIC and multipr. features
P55C Pentium w/MMX
P54LM Pentium P54C with 2.9V (for Notebooks)
P24C IntelDX4
P24D i486DX2 with WB cache (IntelDX2 (tm) WriteBack Enhanced)
P54M Overdrive ( include to P54C but P54C work too)
P6 Pentium Pro (no comments)
P6T Pentium Pro OverDrive (for extended Pentium Sockets)
P7 "Merced" (IA-64, VLIW command set "Tahoe")
P54CSQ 3xCLK Pentiums P120 etc.
P54CSLM P54CS with Low Power.
P6L Pentium II "Klamath" (w/o L2 build-in cache, with IA MMX)
"Katmai" (IA MMX2, 100MHz system bus)
"Deschutes" (High-tech "Klamath")
P68 "Willamette" (High-tech "Pentium Pro")
(Cyrix)
M5 Cx486S/S2
M6 Cx486D/D2
C6 Cx487D
M7 Cx486DX/Cx486DX2
M8 Cx486DX4
M1 Cx6x86
M1SC Cx5x86
M1R Future M1 with reduced due size.
M2 Cx6x86MX
M3
(AMD)
SSA/5 Am5k86 early series (K5 with big due size and with reduced some
features, 'cos don't work).
K5 Am5k86
K6 Am6k86 (IA MMX support)
-------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX I FORMAT OF DEBUG CONTROL REGISTERS (DR6/DR7)
+---------+
| DR6 |
+---------+
[Am386xx/i386xx/i486xx/Am486xx]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 111
1098765432109876 5 4 3 210987654 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
0000000000000000 B B B 000000000 B B B B
T S D 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
[Intel Pentium]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 111
1098765432109876 5 4 3 210987654 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
1111111111111111 B B B 111111111 B B B B
T S D 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
[Cyrix Cx486DX,TI 486SXLC, TI 486SLC/e]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 111
1098765432109876 5 4 3 210987654 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
1111111111111111 B B 0 011111111 B B B B
T S 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
[TI 486SXL/Cx486SLC]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 111
1098765432109876 5 4 3 210987654 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
1111111111111111 B B 1 011111111 B B B B
T S 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
[IBM 486SLC2]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 1 11
1098765432109876 5 4 3 2 10987654 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------
0000000000000000 B B B B 00000000 B B B B
T S D K 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
[AMD Am486SXLV/Am386DXLV/Am386SXLV]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 1 11
1098765432109876 5 4 3 2 10987654 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------
0000000000000000 B B B S 00000000 B B B B
T S D M 3 2 1 0
M
S
----------------------------------------
[Cyrix Cx6x86] [Cx6x86MX]
3322222222221111 1 1 1 1 11
1098765432109876 5 4 3 2 10987654 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------
0000000000000000 B B 0 0 11111111 B B B B
T S 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
BT - Debug Trap due to Task Switch
BS - Debug Trap due to Single-Step
BD - Debug Fault due to attemped registeracess when GD bit set
BK - Debug Trap due to ICE
This bit set if exception 1 will invoked due to occurence of
ICEMD interrupt or ICEBP software breakpoint.
SMMS - SMM Status
if = 1 SMM is entered
B3 - Debug fault/trap due to Breakpoint # 3
B2 - Debug fault/trap due to Breakpoint # 2
B1 - Debug fault/trap due to Breakpoint # 1
B0 - Debug fault/trap due to Breakpoint # 0
+--------+
| DR7 |
+--------+
[Am386xx/i386xx/i486xx/Am486xx]
[TI486SXL/Cx486SLC]
33 22 22 22 22 22 11 11 11 1 111
10 98 76 54 32 10 98 76 54 3 210 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------------------
LL RR LL RR LL RR LL RR 00 G 000 G L G L G L G L G L
EE // EE // EE // EE // D E E 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0
NN WW NN WW NN WW NN WW
33 33 22 22 11 11 00 00
----------------------------------------------------
[Pentium/Cx486DX/Cx486DX2/Cx486DX4]
[TI486SLC/e / TI486SXLC/Cx6x86] [Cx6x86MX]
33 22 22 22 22 22 11 11 11 1 111
10 98 76 54 32 10 98 76 54 3 210 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------------------
LL RR LL RR LL RR LL RR 00 G 001 G L G L G L G L G L
EE // EE // EE // EE // D E E 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0
NN WW NN WW NN WW NN WW
33 33 22 22 11 11 00 00
----------------------------------------------------
[IBM486SLC2]
33 22 22 22 22 22 11 11 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 98 76 54 32 10 98 76 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-------------------------------------------------------
LL RR LL RR LL RR LL RR T T G T G 0 G L G L G L G L G L
EE // EE // EE // EE // T B D P M E E 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0
NN WW NN WW NN WW NN WW
33 33 22 22 11 11 00 00
-------------------------------------------------------
[Am486SXLV/Am386DXLV/Am386SXLV]
33 22 22 22 22 22 11 11 111 1 11
10 98 76 54 32 10 98 76 543 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------
LL RR LL RR LL RR LL RR 000 S 00 G L G L G L G L G L
EE // EE // EE // EE // M E E 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0
NN WW NN WW NN WW NN WW I
33 33 22 22 11 11 00 00 E
----------------------------------------------------
[Am486xx]
33 22 22 22 22 22 11 11 111111
10 98 76 54 32 10 98 76 543210 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------------------
LL RR LL RR LL RR LL RR 000000 G L G L G L G L G L
EE // EE // EE // EE // E E 3 3 2 2 1 1 0 0
NN WW NN WW NN WW NN WW
33 33 22 22 11 11 00 00
----------------------------------------------------
LENi - Length of Breakpoint
00 - byte
01 - word
10 - undefined
11 - dword
R/Wi - Reaw/Write Instructions Enable
00 - Instruction Execute cause Debug Interrupt
01 - Data Writes only
10 - I/O Reads or Writes
11 - Data Reads or Writes
GD - Global Debug Register Access Protect
INT 1 will be caused if any instructions will be read/write
DRs. This bit cleared when invoking Debug Exception.
GE - Global Exact
Any data breakpoint traps will be reported exactly after
competition of the instruction that caused the operand
transfer.
LE - Local Exact (Cleared on Task Switches)
Note: 486+ always does exact data breakpoint matches,
regardless of GE/LE bits. But 386 not.
G3 - Global Enable Breakpoint # 3
L3 - Local Enable Breakpoint # 3 (Cleared on Task Switches)
G2 - Global Enable Breakpoint # 2
L2 - Local Enable Breakpoint # 2 (Cleared on Task Switches)
G1 - Global Enable Breakpoint # 1
L1 - Local Enable Breakpoint # 1 (Cleared on Task Switches)
G0 - Global Enable Breakpoint # 0
L0 - Local Enable Breakpoint # 0 (Cleared on Task Switches)
TT - Enable Task Trace Messages (to External ICE hardware)
TB - Enable Branch Trace Messages (to External ICE hardware)
TP - Exception 1 Handler Entry Convention
if TP=0 exception 1 will interrupt 1 in user address space
if TP=1 exception 1 will enter ICE mode
GM - Enable Global Mapping
if =1 Enable Mapping user memory addresses into ICE space.
(Paging Must be disabled)
SMIE - Software SMI Enable
if = 1 enable
Note:
DR7: Undocument features on Intel's CPUs.
see IBM 486SLC2. All this bits in DR7 exist on Intel CPUs,
but where thay are undocument. (bits 15,14,12).
-------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX I FORMAT OF DEBUG DATA REGISTERS (except DR0-DR5)
+---------+ +---------+
| DR4 | | DR5 |
+---------+ +---------+
DR4 and DR5 physically not exist, but then You accessing it using
MOV from/to DR, thay are aliasing to DR6,DR7.
+---------+
| DR3 |
+---------+
[386+]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876543210
--------------------------------
BREAKPOINT_3_LINEAR_ADDRESS
--------------------------------
+---------+
| DR2 |
+---------+
[386+]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876543210
--------------------------------
BREAKPOINT_2_LINEAR_ADDRESS
--------------------------------
+---------+
| DR1 |
+---------+
[386+]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876543210
--------------------------------
BREAKPOINT_1_LINEAR_ADDRESS
--------------------------------
+---------+
| DR0 |
+---------+
[386+]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876543210
--------------------------------
BREAKPOINT_0_LINEAR_ADDRESS
--------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX K FORMAT OF CACHE TEST REGISTER (TR4/TR5/TR3)
+-------+
| TR4 |
+-------+
[i486xx/Cx486xx]
332222222222111111111 1
109876543210987654321 0 987 6543 210
-------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT V LLL VVVV %%%
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RRR AAAA
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG UUU LLLL
IIII
DDDD
--------------------------------------
[Cx486SXL/e]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109 8 7 6543 210
-------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT % L VVVV 000
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA R AAAA
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG U LLLL
IIII
DDDD
-------------------------------------
[WB-Enhanced IntelDX2 WB-mode]
332222222222111111111 1
109876543210987654321 0 987 65432 1 0
--------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT % LLL %%%%% V V
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RRR H L
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG UUU
--------------------------------------
[IntelDX4]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 987 6543 210
--------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT % V LLL VVVV %%%
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RRR AAAA
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG UUU LLLL
IIII
DDDD
--------------------------------------
[WB-Enhanced IntelDX4 WB-mode]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 10 987 65432 10
--------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT %% LLL %%%%% V V
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RRR H L
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG UUU
--------------------------------------
[TI486SXL]
3322222222221111111 111
1098765432109876543 21098 7 6543 2 10
--------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT %%%%% L VVVV V 00
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA R AAAA A
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG U LLLL L
IIII I
DDDD D
B
--------------------------------------
[AMD Enhanced 486 CPU with EXT=0]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 987 6543 210
--------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 0 V LLL VVVV %%%
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA RRR AAAA
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG UUU LLLL
IIII
DDDD
--------------------------------------
[AMD Enhanced 486 CPU with EXT=1]
3 32 2 22 22 22 22 111111111 1
1 09 8 76 54 32 10 987654321 0 987 6543 210
--------------------------------------------
% SS % SS SS SS SS %%%%%%%%% V LLL VVVV %%%
TT TT TT TT TT RRR AAAA
nn 33 22 11 00 UUU LLLL
IIII
DDDD
--------------------------------------------
[Cyrix Cx6x86]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 1098 76 54 3210
--------------------------------------
TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT %%%% MM MM MMMM
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA EE EE RRRR
GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG SS SS UUUU
II II
UU LL
--------------------------------------
[Cyrix Cx6x86MX]
3322222222221111111111
109876543210987654321098765432 10
---------------------------------
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
---------------------------------
VALUD - dwords (or other size units) of Cache Line which Valid
LRU - LRU
V - is cache line entry valid
TAG - Tag of cache line
VL,VH - Define MESI state of line
VH VL State
1 1 M
0 1 E
1 0 S
0 0 I
VALIDB - Valid of Cache Line
STn - State of Cache Line (MESI)
ST3 - State of 3rd dword of cache line (MESI)
ST2 - State of 2nd dword of cache line (MESI)
ST1 - State of 1st dword of cache line (MESI)
ST0 - State of 0 dword of cache line (MESI)
00 - Invalid
01 - Exclusive
10 - Modified
11 - Shared
MESIU - Upper Sector of Cache Line MESI state
00 - Modified
01 - Shared
10 - Exclusive
11 - Invalid
MESIL - Lower Sector of Cache Line MESI state
00 - Modified
01 - Shared
10 - Exclusive
11 - Invalid
MRU - Used for Determinate LRU line
ADDR - Physical Address of Cache Line
+--------+
| TR5 |
+--------+
[i486xx/Am486xx/Cx486xx]
332222222222111111111 1
109876543210987654321 0987654 32 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SSSSSSS EE CC
EEEEEEE NN TT
TTTTTTT TT LL
--------------------------------------
[TI486SXL/e]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 10987654 3 2 10
--------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SSSSSSSS % E CC
EEEEEEEE N TT
TTTTTTTT T LL
--------------------------------------
[WB-Enhanced IndelDX2 WB-mode]
332222222222111111 1 11 1
109876543210987654 3 21 0987654 32 10
---------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% S %% SSSSSSS EE CC
L EEEEEEE NN TT
F TTTTTTT TT LL
--------------------------------------
[IntelDX4]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 10987654 32 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% SSSSSSSS EE CC
EEEEEEEE NN TT
TTTTTTTT TT LL
--------------------------------------
[WB-Enhanced IntelDX4 WB-mode]
332222222222111111 1 1 11
109876543210987654 3 2 10987654 32 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% S % SSSSSSSS EE CC
L EEEEEEEE NN TT
F TTTTTTTT TT LL
-------------------------------------
[TI486SXL]
3322222222221111111 1 11
1098765432109876543 2 10987654 32 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% W SSSSSSSS EE CC
A EEEEEEEE NN TT
Y TTTTTTTT TT LL
-------------------------------------
[AMD Enhanced 486 in WT-mode]
3322222222221111111 1 11
1098765432109876543 2 10987654 32 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% ( SSSSSSSS EE CC
S EEEEEEEE NN TT
E TTTTTTTT TT LL
T
)
-------------------------------------
[AMD Enhanced 486 in WB-mode]
332222222222 1 11 1111 1 11
109876543210 9 87 6543 2 10987654 32 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%% E SS %%%% ( SSSSSSSS EE CC
X TT S EEEEEEEE NN TT
T E TTTTTTTT TT LL
T
)
-------------------------------------
[Cx6x86]
332222222222111111 11 11
109876543210987654 32 1098765 432 10
-------------------------------------
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% WW SSSSSSS EEE CC
AA EEEEEEE NNN TT
YY TTTTTTT TTT LL
-------------------------------------
[Cx6x86MX]
33222222 2 222 1 111 1111 11
10987654 3 210 9 876 5432 1098 76 54 32 10
------------------------------------------
%%%%%%%% S %%% V MMM %%%% MMMM %% SS %% CC
M EEE RRRR EE TT
I SSS UUUU TT LL
III
------------------------------------------
CTL - Control (Select operation)
00 - Enable (Fill Buffer Write/Read Buffer Read)
01 - Perform Cache Line Write
10 - Perform Cache Line Read
11 - Perform Cache Line Flush
ENT - Select Entry for Operation
SET - Select Set for Operation
SLF -
WAY - Select Way for Operation
ST - State of set will be writing during write operation
00 - Invalid
01 - Exclusive
10 - Modified
11 - Shared
EXT - Extension
if EXT=0 bits 31..11 of TR4 contain TAG
if EXT=1 bits 31..11 of TR4 contain STi
SMI - SMI Address bit. Select separate/cachable SMI code/data space.
V,MESI - Select Valid & MESI
V MESI Description
1 000 Modified
1 001 Shared
1 010 Exclusive
0 011 Invalid
1 100 Locked Valid
0 111 Locked Invalid
else Undefined
MRU - Used for determinate LRU.
+-------+
| TR3 |
+-------+
[any,which support Cache Testing (all 486+)]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876543210
--------------------------------
___________CACHE_DATA___________
--------------------------------
CACHE_DATA - Data which will be reading/writing to/from cache line part.
-------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX L FORMAT OF BTB TEST REGISTER (TR1/TR2)
Note: This kind of registers present only on Cx6x86 and may be
on Cx6x86MX.
+-------+
| TR1 |
+-------+
[Cx6x86]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876 543 210
----------------------------------
?????????????????????????? III ???
DDD
XXX
----------------------------------
IDX - Index of Register in BTB control space, which may be accessed via TR2.
+-------+
| TR2 |
+-------+
[Cx6x86]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109876543210
--------------------------------
_____________DATA_______________
--------------------------------
DATA - data which will be reading/writing from/to BTB control space registers.
Note: Refer to Appendix A5 for more details.
-------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX K FORMAT OF TLB TEST REGISTER (TR6/TR7)
Note: Pentium and Higher Intel CPUs not support Test registers (TRs) at all.
+-------+
| TR6 |
+-------+
[i386xx] [i486xx] [TI486SXL]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4321 0
-----------------------------------------
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL V D D U U W W %%%% O
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA # # # P
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
-----------------------------------------
[Cx6x86]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 210
------------------------------------------
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL V D D U U W W A A CCC
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA # # # # MMM
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
------------------------------------------
[Cx6x86MX]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 210
------------------------------------------
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL V D P U 0 W 0 A 0 CCC
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA G MMM
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD DDD
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD 222
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
------------------------------------------
LADDR - Linear Address
V - Valid bit for TLB entry
D,D# - The Dirty Bit for/from TLB entry (Normal and Reverse)
U,U# - The User/Supervisor bit for/from TLB Entry (Normal and Reverse)
W,W# - The Read/Write bit for/from TLB entry (Normal and Reverse)
OP - Operation
0 - TLB Write
1 - TLB LookUp
A,A# - The Accessed Bit (Normal and Reverse)
CMD - Array Command Select
000 - Direct Write to main TLB
001 - TLB lookup for an linear address in all arrays
100 - Write to variable page size mask only
110 - Write to variable page size, linear and physical addreses
101 - Read variable page size and linear address.
111 - Read variable page size cache physical and linear address
PG - Page Global bit
CMD2 - Array Command Select
Value Description
x00 - Write to L1 TLB
x01 - Write to L2 TLB
010 - Read from L1 TLB X-port
011 - Read from L2 TLB X-port
110 - Read from L1 TLB Y-port
111 - Read from L2 TLB Y-port
+-------+
| TR7 |
+-------+
[i386xx]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 1098765 4 32 10
-------------------------------------
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP %%%%%%% H RR %%
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH T EE
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY PP
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
-------------------------------------
[i486xx] [TI486SXL]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 987 65 4 32 10
---------------------------------------
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP P P LLL %% R RR %%
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH C W RRR P PP
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY D T UUU S //
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS / HH
H LL
I
---------------------------------------
[Cx6x86]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 987 6 5 4 3 210
----------------------------------------
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP P P BBB % H H H %%%
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH C W III V D B
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY D T
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
----------------------------------------
[Cx6x86MX]
33222222222211111111 1 1
10987654321098765432 1 0 987 6 5 4 3 210
----------------------------------------
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP P P SSS % H H % HHH
HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH C W EEE 1 2 SSS
YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY D T TTT EEE
SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS TTT
----------------------------------------
PHYS - Physiacl Address
HT - TLB Lookup Hit
REP - Replacement Pointer
PCD - Page Cache Disable
PWT - Page Write Throught
LRU - LRU
RPS/HI - Replacement Pointer Select (writes)/Hit Indication (LookUp)
RP/HL - Replacement Pointer (writes)/Hit Location (LookUp)
BI - Cell Index for victim TLB and block cache operation.
HV - Victim TLB Hit
HD - Main TLB Hit
HB - Variable-size Paging Mechanism Hit
SET - L2 TLB Set Selection (0..5h)
H1 - Hit in L1 TLB
H2 - Hit in L2 TLB
HSET - L2 set selection when L2 TLB hit occures (0h..5h)
----------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX N EFLAGS register format
+---------+
| EFLAGS |
+---------+
[Pentium P5] [Pentium P54C] [IntelDX4] [Am5k86]
[Pentium Pro] [Pentium II] [Am6k86] [Pentium w/MMX (P55C)]
3322222222 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
1098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------
I V V A V R N IO O D I T S Z A P C
0000000000 D I I C M F 0 T PL F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
P F
-----------------------------------------------------
[i486 SL Enhanced SX,DX,DX2] [IntelSX2] [Cx5x86]
[UMC] [Cx6x86] [Cx6x86MX]
3322222222 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
1098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------
I A V R N IO O D I T S Z A P C
0000000000 D 0 0 C M F 0 T PL F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
-----------------------------------------------------
[i486 SX,DX,DX2] [OverDrive] [M5,M6,M7] [AMD Am486DX/DXL/DX2/DXL2 ] etc
[IBM BL486DX/DX2] [Cx486SLC/DLC/SLC2/DLC2] [NexGen Nx586]
3322222222 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
1098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------
A V R N IO O D I T S Z A P C
0000000000 0 0 0 C M F 0 T PL F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
-----------------------------------------------------
[i386 SX,DX,CX,EX] [AMD Am386 ] [C&T 38600 ] etc
[IBM 486SLC2]
3322222222 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
1098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------
V R N IO O D I T S Z A P C
0000000000 0 0 0 0 M F 0 T PL F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
-----------------------------------------------------
[i376]
3322222222 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1
1098765432 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 32 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------------------
R N IO O D I T S Z A P C
0000000000 0 0 0 0 0 F 0 T PL F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
-----------------------------------------------------
[i286 and all clones]
1 1 11 1 1
5 4 32 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
------------------------------
N IO O D I T S Z A P C
0 T PL F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
------------------------------
[NEC/Sony V20/V30]
1 1 1 1 1 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-------------------------------
M O D I T S Z A P C
D 1 1 1 F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
-------------------------------
[80x186 ,EA,EB,EC,XL] [8086/88 and all clones]
1 1 1 1 1 1
5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-------------------------------
O D I T S Z A P C
1 1 1 1 F F F F F F 0 F 0 F 1 F
-------------------------------
Flags Summary:
ID - Identification Flag
VIP - Virtual Interrupt Pending
VIF - Virtual Interrupt Flag
AC - Align Check
VM - Virtual 8086 Mode
RF - Resume Flag
MD - Mode Flag
NT - Nested Task flag
IOPL - Input/Output Privelege Level
OF - Overflow Flag
DF - Direction Flag
IF - Interrupt Flag
TF - Trap Flag
SF - Sign Flag
ZF - Zero Flag
AF - Auxiliary Carry Flag
PF - Parity Flag
CF - Carry Flag
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX O OLD CONTROL REGISTERS FORMAT (CR0-CR3)
+---------+
| CR0 |
+---------+
[Pentium P5] [Pentium P54C] [Pentium Pro]
[Pentium II] [Pentium w/MMX]
[Cx6x86MX] [Am6k86] [Am5k86]
3 3 2 2222222221 1 1 1 111111
1 0 9 8765432109 8 7 6 5432109876 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P C N A W N T E M P
G D W 0000000000 M 0 P 0000000000 E 1 S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[IntelDX4] [486DX/DX2, IntelDX4 ]
3 3 2 2222222221 1 1 1 111111
1 0 9 8765432109 8 7 6 5432109876 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P C N A W T M P
G D W 0000000000 M 0 P 0000000000 * 1 S 1 P E
---------------------------------------------
[Cx486SLC]
3 3 2 2222222221 1 1 1 111111
1 0 9 8765432109 8 7 6 5432109876 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P C A W T E M P
G D 0 0000000000 M 0 P 0000000000 0 1 S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[Cx486DLC]
3 3 2 2222222221 1 1 1 111111
1 0 9 8765432109 8 7 6 5432109876 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P C N A W E T E M P
G D W 0000000000 M 0 P 0000000000 0 T S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[Intel i486SX,SX2]
3 3 2 2222222221 1 1 1 111111
1 0 9 8765432109 8 7 6 5432109876 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P C N A W T E M P
G D W 0000000000 M 0 P 0000000000 * 1 S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[IBM 486SLC2]
3 32222222222111 1 111111
1 09876543210987 6 54321098765 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P W T E M P
G 00000000000000 P 0000000000 1 S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[Intel i386SX]
3 322222222221111111111
1 09876543210987654321098765 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P T E M P
G 0000000000000000000000000 1 S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[Intel i386DX]
3 322222222221111111111
1 09876543210987654321098765 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------------
P E T E M P
G 0000000000000000000000000 T S M P E
---------------------------------------------
[80286]
Note: None CR0, but MSW
111111
543210987654 3 2 1 0
---------------------
T E M P
000000000000 S M P E
---------------------
PE - Protection Enable
MP - Monitor Processor
EM - Emulation
TS - Task Switch
ET - Extention Type
NE - Numeric Exception
WP - Write protect
AM - Align Mode
NW - No Write Throught
CD - Cache Disable
PG - Paging
+--------+
| CR1 |
+--------+
CR1 register not exist on x86 architecture. Usually aliased CR0.
+--------+
| CR2 |
+--------+
[386+]
3 322222222221111111111
1 0987654321098765432109876543210
---------------------------------
LAST_PAGE_FAULT_LINEAR_ADDRESS
---------------------------------
+--------+
| CR3 |
+--------+
[Intel i386xx] [Cyrix Cx486SLC]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 109876543210
---------------------------------
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP %%%%%%%%%%%%
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
---------------------------------
[Intel i486xx] [Cx6x86] [Cx6x86MX]
[Pentium] [Pentium Pro] [Pentium II]
[Pentium w/MMX]
33222222222211111111 11
10987654321098765432 1098765 4 3 210
------------------------------------
PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP %%%%%%% P P %%%
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD C W
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB D T
RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
------------------------------------
PDBR - Page Directory Base Register
PCD - Page Cache Disable
PWT - Page Write Whrought
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX P CR4 register format
+-------+
| CR4 |
+-------+
[Pentium Pro] [Pentium II]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
-----------------------------------------
P P M P P D T P V
00000000000000000000000 C G C A S E S V M
E E E E E D I E
----------------------------------------
[Cx6x86MX]
3322222222221111111111
10987654321098765432109 8 7 654 3 2 10
---------------------------------------
P P D T
00000000000000000000000 C G 000 E S 00
E E D
---------------------------------------
[AMD Am5k86] [AMD Am6k86]
3322222222221111111111
109876543210987654321098 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------------------------------
P M P D T P V
000000000000000000000000 G C 0 S E S V M
E E E D I E
----------------------------------------
[Pentium P5] [Pentium P54C]
3322222222221111111111
1098765432109876543210987 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------------------
M P D T P V
0000000000000000000000000 C 0 S E S V M
E E D I E
----------------------------------------
[IntelDX4] [486s SL Enhanced]
3322222222221111111111
109876543210987654321098765432 1 0
----------------------------------
P V
000000000000000000000000000000 V M
I E
----------------------------------
PCE - Perfomance Monitoring Counters Enabled
PGE - Page Global Extension
MCE - Machine Check Enable
PAE - Physical Address Extention
PSE - Page Size Extention
DE - Debbuging Expection
TSD - Time Stamp Disable
PVI - Protected mode Virtual Interrupt
VME - Virtual Mode Exception
------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX Q TYPE OF INTEL'S SOCKETS
Socket # Pins Vcc CPU OverDrive
----------------------------------------------
1 169 5V i486SX IntelSX2 ODP
i486DX IntelDX2 ODP
----------------------------------------------
2 238 5V i486SX IntelSX2 ODP
i486DX IntelDX2 ODP
i486DX2 IntelDX4 ODP
Pentium ODP (P24T)
----------------------------------------------
3 237 3/5V i486SX IntelSX2 ODP
i486DX IntelDX2 ODP
i486DX2 IntelDX4 ODP
i486SX2 Pentium ODP (P24T)
IntelDX4
----------------------------------------------
4 273 5V Pentium (P5) Pentium ODP (P5T)
----------------------------------------------
5 320 3V Pentium (P54C) Pentium ODP (P54T)
----------------------------------------------
6 235 3V IntelDX4 Pentium ODP (P24T)
----------------------------------------------
7 321 3V Pentium (P54C) Pentium ODP (P54T)
Pentium (P55C)
----------------------------------------------
8 387 12,5,3 Pentium Pro(P6) Pentium Pro ODP (P6T)
----------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------
Slot # Pins Vcc CPU Overdrive
----------------------------------------------
1 Pentium II
----------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX R UNDEFINED FLAGS
See CPUUTIL.ZIP for UFLAGS.COM !!
Hey, Guys! Do You really think about set of 80x86 CPU cores and
"That's mean UNDEFINED FLAGS?".
--- Where black Wizardry trying to hide? ----
So, we look some deeper and again comes to 2nd principle of Thaumaturgy:
"Once Together, Always Together".
1) Do You Ask Yourself: "How many 80x86 base cores are?"
Let's discuss about definitions:
What's mean "base core"?
"Base core" mean: same core clock for instructions, same undefined
features e.t.c., and was produced many CPUs this type.
(so, i486DX2 and i486DX have same core),
(but i486DX2 and IntelDX4 have differ (cos MUL time +etc.).
(i486SX integer core is look like i486DX core without NPX and all things
joined with it).
So we have next list of Main Base Cores:
8086/8088 (186s skipped)
286
386 (have some differents on vendors)
Cx486SLC/Cx486DX (and all clones like TI486SXL)
i486
UMC U5S
Cyrix Cx5x86 (M1sc)
Pentium
NexGen Nx5x86
Cyrix Cx6x86 (M1)
AMD Am5k86
Pentium Pro
Of course one Main Base Core have many CPUs which have differents between
self, for example: TI486SXL have Cx486DLC Base Core.
This Base Cores is relative, of course.
(We may discuss Where to push C&T 38600DX etc., but it doesn't matter)
2) How many situation with Undefined Flags exists?
Not too many, as You think:
MUL
DIV
IMUL
IDIV
NEG (ZF)
AND/OR/XOR/etc (AF)
Shift/Rotates (OF)
and some more.
3) What's To Do?
Let's make next experiment:
AH = 0
AH -> FLG
PERFORM TEST SEQUENCE
FLG -> AH
GET RESULT # 1
AH = FF
AH -> FLG
PERFORM TEST SEQUENCE
FLG -> AH
GET RESULT # 2
ANALYSING RESULTS. (WHICH BIT PASSED, WHICH DRIVEN BY INSTRUCTION
Main Test Sequences are:
MUL: mov ax,0000h
mov bx,1234h
mul bx
DIV: mov ax,1234h
mov bl,22h
div bl
IMUL: mov ax,0092h
mov bl,22h
imul bl
IDIV: mov ax,0ffeeh
mov bl,22h
idiv bl
LOG: mov ax,0ff00h
mov bx,0f0fh
and ax,bx
4) Result:
Here placed summary of Undefined flag analysis on CPUs.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
CPU ------------- Sequence -------------
CORE MUL DIV IMUL IDIV LOG Note
------------------------------------------------------------------------
286 ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL as 386,i486
DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
386 ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL as 286,i486
DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
i486 ALL ALL ALL ALL ALL as 286,386
DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cx486SLC Z,S,P,A ALL Z,S,P,A ALL AF
PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSSED PASSED
------------------------------------------------------------------------
UMC U5S Z,S,P,A ALL Z,S,P,A ALL ALL
PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cx5x86 P,A C,O,P,A P,A C,O,P,A ALL
PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium Z,S,P,A ALL Z,S,P,A ALL ALL as Pentium Pro
PASSED DRIVEN PASSED DRIVEN DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Nx5x86 ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? Somebody who have
???? ???? ???? ???? ???? NexGen please contact Me.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cx6x86 ALL C,O ALL C,O ALL
DRIVEN PASSED DRIVEN PASSED DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Am5k86 Z,S,P,A C,O Z,S,P,A C,O ALL
PASSED PASSED PASSED PASSED DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pentium Pro Z,S,P,A ALL Z,S,P,A ALL ALL as Pentium PASSED DRIVEN PASSED DRIVEN DRIVEN
PASSED DRIVEN PASSED DRIVEN DRIVEN
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Really Interesting Story?
It' just an simple Episode of CPU Life.
Copyright (C) Potemkin's Hackers Group 1996.
Absolutely No Warranty On Chips beheiveour.
Note: See utilites, included to this OPCODE.LST for getting UNDEFINED FLAGS
on Your processor.
---------------------------------------------------
APPENDIX S FLOATING POINT REGISTERS FORMATS
+-------+
| CW |
+-------+
[8087]
1111 1 11
6543 2 10 98 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------------------
%%%% I RR PP I % P U O Z D I
C CC CC E M M M M M M
M
----------------------------
[80287]
1111 1 11
6543 2 10 98 76 5 4 3 2 1 0
---------------------------
%%%% I RR PP %% P U O Z D I
C CC CC M M M M M M
---------------------------
[287XL/XLT,387SX/DX and all build-in FPUs]
11111 11
65432 10 98 76 5 4 3 2 1 0
----------------------------
%%%%% RR PP %% P U O Z D I
CC CC M M M M M M
----------------------------
IC - Infinity Control
if =0 Infinity is Projective
if =1 Infinity is Affine
RC - Round Control
00 - Round to nearest or soon
01 - Round down (toward -infinity)
10 - Round up (toward +infinity)
11 - Chop (Truncate toward 0)
PC - Precension Control
00 - 24 bit
01 - Reserved
10 - 53 bit
11 - 64 bit
IEM - Interrupt Mask Enable
0 - Interrupts Enable
1 - Interrupts Disable
PM - Precension mask
UM - Underflow mask
OM - Overflow Mask
ZM - Zero Maks
DM - Denormalized operand mask
IM - Invalid Operation Mask
All other F.P registers: ST(i), TAGS, SW have same format on all FPUs.
Present some different in FPU environment, but now is no time for describe
it here.
---------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
[Credits]:
1) THANX specially for/to Martin Malik and RealSoft.
(malik@elf.stuba.sk)
Cyrix's CPUs type data.
Some Vendors strings for CPUID.
P54M ID code
Part of This Kind of Info (C) RealSoft.
2) THANX to Grzegorz Mazur for His Interest to CPU
identification and to Cyrix-Vendor CPUs.
3) THANX to Bas van Sisseren
He always looks this doc for 'ERORRS'.
4) THANX to all people from Intel, AMD, TI, Cyrix, UMC,
who helped with information and CPU samples.
5) THANX to all, who send notes, testing CPUs with PHG tools
----------------------------------------------------------
[2 person]:
-> Craig Hart and Australian Hackers. Did You found IAL yet?
-> Raul Mate Galan (Spain): What's about cachemeter?
-> Martin Malik: What's they implemented in next CPUID EAX ?!!?
(with AMD).!!!
-----------------------------------------------------------
Q&A:
Q. - How to find latest version of OPCODE.LST ?
A. - You may find it within Ralf's INTERxx.ZIP.
Q. - Did PHG have WWW page, where placed OPCODE.LST ?
A. - Unfortunetly, No.
But may be You want to create this page? Mail us.
-----------------------------------------------------------
[2 All]
If You found some errors or incorrections in this text
please send info 'bout it.
-----------------------------------------------------------
[Internal]
Thanx for Urri, Stas, Afo, Kernel.3,Den96
and all other numbers of
Potemkin's Hackers Group.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Special Thanks for AX (MISA).
------------------------------------------------------------
Sorry, But EOF